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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Vergleichende in vitro-Charakterisierung des Differenzierungspotentials humaner mesenchymaler Stromazellen aus verschiedenen Geweben des Kniegelenkes von Patientinnen mit Gonarthrose / Comparison of the in vitro characterisation of the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stromalcells derived from various tissus of the knee from patients with gonarthosis

Poker, Konrad Felix January 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Humane mesenchymale Stromazellen (hMSCs) sind Interessengebiet der Forschung im Bereich des Tissue Engineering und werden häufig in Bezug auf Knorpelregeneration untersucht. Hierbei sind bereits mehrere potentielle Quellen nachgewiesen worden. Fokus dieser Disseration war die Vergleichende in vitro-Charakterisierung des Differenzierungspotentials von hMSCs von sechs verschiedenen Geweben des Kniegelenkes bei Patientinnen mit Gonarthrose um zu erforschen, welches Gewebe das meiste Potential für eine mögliche Extraktion von hMSCs birgt. Hierfür wurden Zellen aus der Spongiose, dem Knorpelgewebe, des vorderen Kreuzbandes, der Menisken, der Synovialmebran sowie des Hoffa’schen Fettkörpers von fünf verschiedenen Spenderinnen isoliert und apidogen, osteogen sowie chondrogen differenziert sowie anschließend histologisch, immunhistochemisch und molekularbiologisch untersucht und die Ergebnisse miteinander verglichen. Hierbei wurde die zunächst der Nachweis erbracht, dass es sich bei allen Zellen um hMSCs handelt sowie anschließend gezeigt, dass alle Zellen ein multipotentes Differenzierungspotential aufweisen. Während kein statistisch relevanter Nachweis erbracht werden konnte, dass eine Zellquelle hierbei überlegen ist, scheinen die Zellen der Spongiosa sowie der Synovialmembran das vielversprechendste Potential zu bieten und eigenen sich somit als Quelle für weitere Forschung. / Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are a subject of interest in tissue engineering research and are often investigated in regard to cartialage regerenation. However no superior potential cell source has been found up to now. The aim of this study was to characterise the in vitro differentiation potential of hMSCs of six different tissues of the knee derived from patients with gonarthrosis and therefore to investigate which cell origin is showing the highest extraction potential. From five different female patients the cells of the bone marrow, the cartialage, the anterior cruciate ligament, the menisci, the synovial membrane and the infrapatellar fatty body were isolated and investigated using histological, immunhistochemical and molecular biological methods. Afterwards those findings were compared for further investigation. The study proved that all isolated cells were hMSCs and that all cells showed multipotent differentiation potential. While no statistically relevant superiority of either cell line could be proven it seemed that the cells extracted from the bone marrow and the synovial membrane did show the highest potential of being a promising source for further investigations.
122

Development of In Vitro Tissue Engineered Blood Vessel Mimics in Complex Geometries for Coronary Stent Testing

Chavez, Robert Dalton 01 July 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and occurs when plaque occludes coronary arteries. Coronary stents, which may be used to treat coronary occlusions, are small metal tubes that are implanted in coronary arteries to restore blood flow. After stent implantation, endothelial cells grow over the stent so that blood contacts the endothelial cells instead of the stent surface; this event is known as re-endothelialization. Re-endothelialization prevents blood from clotting on the stent surface and is a good predictor of stent success. Blood vessel mimics (BVMs) are in vitro tissue engineered models of human blood vessels that may be used to preclinically test coronary stents for re-endothelialization. BVMs have been developed in straight geometries, but the FDA has recommended that coronary devices be preclinically tested in complex-shaped simulated vessels when the complex geometries of coronary arteries may negatively affect device performance. Coronary geometries may negatively affect the tissue response to coronary stents, therefore BVMs should be developed in complex geometries. The goal of this thesis research was to fully develop complex-shaped scaffolds and bioreactors, to develop complex-shaped BVMs with cells located throughout all regions of the BVMs, and to develop a complex-shaped BVM with a confluent region of cells. First, bioreactors that can house complex-shaped scaffolds were designed, constructed, and validated. Complex-shaped BVMs were then developed by depositing cells throughout the entire inner surface of complex-shaped scaffolds, and the average and median cell densities throughout all regions of the BVMs were shown to be approximately the same order of magnitude as endothelial cell densities in native blood vessels. A stent was then successfully deployed in a complex-shaped BVM. The complex-shaped BVM straightened out to conform to the stent, which also occurs in native blood vessels. Finally, a confluent region of cells was developed on a complex-shaped scaffold. Complex-shaped BVMs could eventually be used to preclinically test coronary stents, coronary drug-delivery systems, coronary imaging modalities, and other intravascular technologies.
123

Etablierung eines 3D Gewebemodells für die translationale Forschung am Malignen Pleuramesotheliom / Establishment of a 3-dimensional human tissue model to study the malignant pleural mesothelioma

Rampeltshammer, Eva Maria January 2022 (has links) (PDF)
Einleitung: Das maligne Pleuramesotheliom (MPM) ist ein aggressiver von den Mesothelzellen der Pleura ausgehender Tumor, der in der Regel Folge einer Exposition mit Asbest ist. Aufgrund der häufig für ein chirurgisches Vorgehen zu späten Diagnose und des nur unzureichenden Ansprechens des Tumors auf Chemotherapie und Bestrahlung ist die Prognose sehr schlecht. Die präklinische Entwicklung und Testungen neuer Wirkstoffe ist aufgrund eines Mangels an geeigneten in vivo und in vitro Modellen für die biomedizinische Forschung schwierig. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war der Aufbau eines 3D Gewebemodells, das die physiologischen Wachstumsverhältnisse und die Tumormikroumgebung des MPM wiedergibt und das als mögliches präklinisches Testmodell eingesetzt werden kann. Methoden: Zwei etablierte Zelllinien des MPM, JL-1 und MSTO-211H, wurden auf in Zellkronen eingespannten Segmenten aus azellulärem porzinen Jejunum unter statischen Kulturbedingungen und unter kontinuierlicher Perfusion in einem Bioreaktorsystem kultiviert. Die 3D Gewebemodelle wurden mit 2D Kulturmodellen des Pleuramesothelioms verglichen. Aus OP-Präparaten wurden tumor-assoziierte Fibroblasten (TAF) isoliert, die zum Aufbau von Kokulturmodellen verwendet wurden. Die Modelle wurden histologisch und immunhistologisch charakterisiert (Calretinin etc.). Ergebnisse: Die beiden verwendeten Zelllinien bildeten in der statischen Kultur ein mehrschichtiges Gewebe auf der apikalen Oberfläche der Matrix. Im Vergleich mit der 2D Kultur war ein homogeneres Wachstumsmuster der Zellen und eine erniedrigte Proliferationsrate zu beobachten. Die unter dynamischen Bedingungen kultivierten Modelle zeigten deutlich mehr Tumorzellmasse auf der Matrix. Aus Gewebebiopsien eines malignen Pleuramesothelioms von Patienten wurden TAF isoliert und damit 3D Kokulturmodelle aufgebaut. In den Kokulturmodellen migrierten die TAF in die Matrix, während die Tumorzellen weiterhin auf der apikalen Seite wuchsen. Diskussion Durch die Kombination mit einem Bioreaktorsystem, das eine bessere Nährstoffversorgung und die Erzeugung von Scherstress ermöglicht, wird das Tumorzellwachstum positiv beeinflusst. Das Wachstum primärer Zellen auf und deren Migration in die Matrix zeigt das Potential für den Aufbau patienten-spezifischer Modelle auf. Die generierten Gewebemodelle stellen eine Grundlage für gewebespezifische Weiterentwicklungen der Modelle für tumorspezifische mechanistische und letztlich auch therapeutische Fragestellungen dar. / Introduction: Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains challenging as the tumor is often diagnosed at a late stage and only inadequately responds to chemotherapy and radiation. Preclinical testing of new pharmaceutical and immunological treatment approaches proves to be difficult due to a lack of appropriate in vitro tumor models. Consequently, we aimed to establish a 3-dimensional MPM tissue model reflecting the physiological environment of the MPM. Methods: Two MPM cell lines, MSTO211H and JL-1, were cultured on a decellularized porcine scaffold (SISser) fixed in cell crowns. Culture conditions were static and dynamic applying a specially designed bioreactor set-up. Cancer associated fibroblasts (TAF) were isolated from surgical tumor specimen and co-cultured with MPM cells on the matrix. The resulting models were characterized histologically and immunhistologically (Calretinin etc). Results: Both cell lines formed multiple layers on the apical surface of the SIS after 14 days of static culture. Compared to 2D culture the cells grew more homogeneously and the proliferation rate declined. The models cultured in a bioreactor under dynamic conditions exhibited an increased tumor cell mass on top of the matrix. In the co-culture models, the CAFs migrated into the matrix while the tumour cells only grew on the apical side. Discussion: Dynamic 3D-culture conditions provide a microenvironment similar to in vivo conditions for MPM cell lines and primary TAF to form tumor tissue in vitro. The combination of a bioreactor systems to warrant tissue nutrition and induce shear-stress paces MPM cells to show in vitro a less artificial and clinically more realistic growth pattern. MPM cell growth and TAF tissue infiltration show a potential for the generation of patient specific MPM tumor models.
124

Ein dreidimensionales kutanes Melanommodell für den Einsatz in der präklinischen Testung / A three-dimensional cutaneous melanoma model for use in preclinical testing

Schmidt [geb. Schmid], Freia Florina January 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Das maligne Melanom nimmt als Tumorerkrankung mit hoher Metastasierungsrate und steigenden Inzidenzraten bei höchster Mortalität aller Hauttumoren eine zunehmende Bedeutung in der modernen Onkologie ein. Frühzeitige Diagnosemöglichkeiten und moderne Behandlungen konnten das Überleben der Patienten bereits erheblich verbessern. Jedoch besteht nach wie vor Bedarf an geeigneten Modellen, um die Melanomprogression vollständig zu verstehen und neue wirksame Therapien zu entwickeln. Hierfür werden häufig Tiermodelle verwendet, diese spiegeln jedoch nicht die menschliche Mikroumgebung wider. Zweidimensionalen Zellkulturen fehlen dagegen entscheidende Elemente der Tumormikroumgebung. Daher wurde in dieser Arbeit ein dreidimensionales epidermales Tumormodell des malignen Melanoms, welches aus primären humanen Keratinozyten und verschiedenen Melanomzelllinien besteht, entwickelt. Die eingesetzten Melanomzelllinien variieren in ihren Treibermutationen, wodurch das Modell in der Lage ist, Wirkstoffe zu untersuchen, die spezifisch auf diese Mutationen wirken. Mit Techniken des Tissue Engineerings konnte ein dreidimensionales Hautmodell aufgebaut werden, das alle charakteristischen Schichten der Epidermis aufweist und im Bereich des stratum basale Melanomcluster ausbildet. Diese reichen je nach Größe und Ausdehnung bis in suprabasale Epidermisschichten hinein. Die Tumor-Histopathologie, der Tumorstoffwechsel sowie tumorassoziierte Proteinsekretionen ließen sich im in vitro Modell nachweisen. Darüber hinaus konnte ein Protokoll entwickelt werden, mit dem einzelne Zellen aus den Modellen reisoliert werden können. Dies ermöglichte es, den Proliferationszustand innerhalb des jeweiligen Modells zu charakterisieren und die Wirkung von Antitumortherapien gezielt zu bewerten. Die Anwendbarkeit als Testsystem im Bereich der Tumortherapeutika wurde mit dem in der Klinik häufig verwendeten v-raf-Maus-Sarkom-Virus-Onkogen-Homolog B (BRAF)-Inhibitor Vemurafenib demonstriert. Der selektive BRAF-Inhibitor reduzierte erfolgreich das Tumorwachstum in den Modellen mit BRAF-mutierten Melanomzellen, was durch eine Verringerung der metabolischen Aktivität, der proliferierenden Zellen und des Glukoseverbrauchs gezeigt wurde. Für die Implementierung des Modells in die präklinische Therapieentwicklung wurde B-B-Dimethylacrylshikonin, ein vielversprechender Wirkstoffkandidat, welcher einen Zellzyklusarrest mit anschließender Apoptose bewirkt, im Modell getestet. Bei einer Anwendung der Modelle im Bereich der Testung topischer Behandlungen ist eine Barrierefunktion der Modelle notwendig, die der in vivo Situation nahe kommt. Die Barriereeigenschaften der Hautäquivalente wurden durch die Melanomzellen nachweislich nicht beeinflusst, sind aber im Vergleich zur in vivo Situation noch unzureichend. Eine signifikante Steigerung der Hautbarriere konnte durch die Bereitstellung von Lipiden und die Anregung hauteigener Regenerationsprozesse erreicht werden. Über den Nachweis des transepidermalen Wasserverlusts konnte eine Messmethode zur nicht-invasiven Bestimmung der Hautbarriere etabliert und über den Vergleich zur Impedanzspektroskopie validiert werden. Hierbei gelang es, erstmals die Korrelation der Hautmodelle zur in vivo Situation über ein solches Verfahren zu zeigen. Das entwickelte epidermale Modell konnte durch die Integration eines dermalen Anteils und einer Endothelzellschicht noch weiter an die komplexe Struktur und Physiologie der Haut angepasst werden um Untersuchungen, die mit der Metastierung und Invasion zusammenhängen, zu ermöglichen. Die artifizielle Dermis basiert auf einem Kollagen-Hydrogel mit primären Fibroblasten. Eine dezellularisierte Schweinedarmmatrix ließ sich zur Erweiterung des Modells um eine Endothelzellschicht nutzen. Dabei wanderten die primären Fibroblasten apikal in die natürliche Schweindarmmatrix ein, während die Endothelzellen basolateral eine geschlossene Schicht bildeten. Die in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Gewebemodelle sind in der Lage, die Vorhersagekraft der in vitro Modelle und die in vitro - in vivo Korrelation zu verbessern. Durch die Kombination des Melanommodells mit einer darauf abgestimmten Analytik wurde ein neuartiges Werkzeug für die präklinische Forschung zur Testung von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen geschaffen. / Malignant melanoma, as a tumor disease with a high metastasis rate and rising incidence rates with the highest mortality of all skin tumors, is assuming increasing importance in modern oncology. Early diagnosis and modern treatments significantly improved patient survival. There is still an unmet need for appropriate models to fully understand melanoma progression and to develop new effective therapies. Animal models are widely used but do not reflect the human microenvironment, while two-dimensional cell cultures lack crucial elements of this tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a three-dimensional epidermal tumor model of malignant melanoma consisting of primary human keratinocytes and various melanoma cell lines was developed in this work. The melanoma cell lines vary in their driver mutations, enabling the model to investigate compounds specifically designed to target one mutation. Tissue engineering techniques were used to generate a three-dimensional skin model that shows all characteristic layers of the epidermis and forms melanoma clusters in the stratum basale. Depending on size and extension, these extend into suprabasal epidermal layers. Tumor histopathology, tumor metabolism, and tumor-associated protein secretions could be demonstrated in the in vitro model. In addition, a protocol could be developed to reisolate single cells from the models. This made it possible to characterize the proliferation state within the respective model and to specifically evaluate the effect of antitumor therapies. Applicability as a test system in the field of tumor therapeutics was demonstrated with the v-raf mouse sarcoma virus oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibitor commonly used in the clinic. This selective BRAF inhibitor successfully reduced tumor growth in models with BRAF-mutated melanoma cells, indicated by a reduction in metabolic activity, proliferating cells, and glucose consumption. For the implementation of the model in preclinical development, B-B-dimethylacrylshikonin, a promising drug candidate, which induces cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis, was tested in the model. An application of the models in the field of testing topical treatments requires a barrier function of the models close to the in vivo situation. The barrier properties of the skin equivalents were demonstrably not influenced by the melanoma cells, but are still insufficient compared to the in vivo situation. A significant increase in the skin barrier could be achieved by providing lipids and stimulating the skin's own regeneration processes. A measurement method for the non-invasive determination of the skin barrier was established by detection of transepidermal water loss and validated by comparison with impedance spectroscopy. For the first time, the correlation of the skin models to the in vivo situation was demonstrated by such a method. The developed epidermal model could be further adapted to the complex structure and physiology of the skin by integrating a dermal portion and an endothelial cell layer to allow studies related to metastasis and invasion. The artificial dermis is based on a collagen hydrogel with primary fibroblasts. A decellularized porcine intestinal matrix could be used to extend the model with an endothelial cell layer. Here, the primary fibroblasts migrated apically into the natural porcine intestinal matrix, while the endothelial cells formed a closed layer basolaterally. The tissue models developed in this work are able to improve the predictive power of the in vitro models and the in vitro - in vivo correlation. By combining the melanoma model with matched analytics, a novel tool for preclinical research for testing of pharmaceutical agents was established.
125

In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in collagen gels

許婷恩, Hui, Ting-yan. January 2007 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy
126

Nanoengineering of surfaces to modulate cell behavior : nanofabrication and the influence of nanopatterned features on the behavior of neurons and preadipocytes

Fozdar, David Yash 04 February 2010 (has links)
Promising strategies for treating diseases and conditions like cancer, tissue necrosis from injury, congenital abnormalities, etc., involve replacing pathologic tissue with healthy tissue. Strategies devoted to the development of tissue to restore, maintain, or improve function is called tissue engineering. Engineering tissue requires three components, cells that can proliferate to form tissue, a microenvironment that nourishes the cells, and a tissue scaffold that provides mechanical stability, controls tissue architecture, and aids in mimicking the cell’s natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Currently, there is much focus on designing scaffolds that recapitulate the topology of cells’ ECM, in vivo, which undoubtedly wields structures with nanoscale dimensions. Although it is widely thought that sub-microscale features in the ECM have the greatest vii impact on cell behavior relative to larger structures, interactions between cells and nanostructures surfaces is not well understood. There have been few comprehensive studies elucidating the effects of both feature dimension and geometry on the initial formation and growth of the axons of individual neurons. Reconnecting the axons of neurons in damaged nerves is vital in restoring function. Understanding how neurons react with nanopatterned surfaces will advance development of optimal biomaterials used for reconnecting neural networks Here, we investigated the effects of micro- and nanostructures of various sizes and shape on neurons at the single cell level. Compulsory to studying interactions between cells and sub-cellular structures is having nanofabrication technologies that enable biomaterials to be patterned at the nanoscale. We also present a novel nanofabrication process, coined Flash Imprint Lithography using a Mask Aligner (FILM), used to pattern nanofeatures in UV-curable biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Using FILM, we were able to pattern 50 nm lines in polyethylene glycol (PEG). We later used FILM to pattern nanowells in PEG to study the effect of the nanowells on the behavior preadipocytes (PAs). Results of our cell experiments with neurons and PAs suggested that incorporating micro- and nanoscale topography on biomaterial surfaces may enhance biomaterials’ ability to constrain cell development. Moreover, we found the FILM process to be a useful fabrication tool for tissue engineering applications. / text
127

Deformation of isolated articular chondrocytes cultured in agarose constructs

Knight, Martin Matthew January 1997 (has links)
No description available.
128

The stabilisation of the extracellular matrix of bone on biomaterial surfaces

Heath, Deborah Jane January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
129

Surface engineering of biodegradable polymers to create materials with biological mimicking activity

Quirk, Robin Andrew January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
130

Fabrication of a Bioactive Scaffold Material for Meniscus Tissue Engineering

Chen, GINGER 20 November 2013 (has links)
Injuries to the meniscus are a common and important source of mobility issues in the knees of young active individuals, as well as elderly individuals. Conventional treatments for these injuries involve surgical resections of the damaged portions of tissue in order to relieve immediate clinical symptoms. However, with a decreased amount of meniscal tissue remaining, the load-bearing and load-distribution capacities remain compromised and inevitably lead to the development of osteoarthritis.1 In view of these deficiencies, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising alternative approach to meniscus repair. In this approach, biodegradable synthetic materials have been proposed as scaffolds to stimulate and support cell-mediated tissue remodeling. A wide range of synthetic materials have been developed to respond to the physical and chemical requirements of a scaffold, but many lack the necessary biological properties to respond to cellular stimuli. In addition, many of these materials are deficient in mechanical strength. The aim of this study was to develop a novel biomaterial that addresses these limitations. Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) was selected as the main component of the scaffold due its highly suitable material properties. PTMC is a biocompatible, biodegradable polymer with excellent elastomeric properties and mechanical strength. It also offers the advantage of providing long-term mechanical support due to its low degradation rate. However, PTMC alone cannot stimulate tissue regeneration due to its bio-inert nature. In order to provide an ideal environment to support tissue repair, it must possess bioactive signals. PTMC was combined with a collagenase-sensitive peptide substrate to render the scaffold invasive by cells. The peptide also served to increase the slow degradation rate of PTMC by providing cleavage points throughout the network. The compressive strength of this material was significantly higher than previously used scaffold materials. Additionally, the material possessed enhanced toughness and elasticity, high equilibrium water content, and a tunable degradation profile. Unlike currently used scaffolding materials, this material satisfies all of the necessary requirements to function as an effective scaffold for meniscus regeneration. / Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-11-20 15:36:06.12

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