Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI) is an area of great interest and a promising tool in the field of chemical imaging. It is a powerful, label-free technique, which can determine, map and visualize different molecular compounds on a sample surface. The amount of information acquired in a single DESI-MSI experiment is enormous compared to other techniques, as it can simultaneously detect different compounds with their spatial distribution on the surface. The experiment can be used to produce two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. Chapter 2 focuses on the design and optimization of the setup for performing DESI-MS imaging on various substrates. The proposed setup was tested for its lateral spatial resolution. To provide proof-of-concept of the design, preliminary tests were performed to generate images from commercial thin layer chromatographic plates and photographic paper. Chapter 3 focuses on demonstrating the compatibility of novel microfabricated Thin Layer Chromatography plates (M-TLC plates) for detection with DESI-MSI.

Studies of biodegradation in lignins by basidiomycetes yeasts show the conversion of lignin in various degradation products among which vanillin, a valuable substance, suggested to be a strong inhibitor of both fermentation and growth of yeasts, stands. Sporidiobolales yeasts used in these experiments were aimed to be identified by their highly conserved ITS region as well as studied in vanillinsupplemented medium through, vanillin-supplemented plates, TLC and Neubauer’s chamber to find out which, among the several isolates tested, were the most resistant ones, understand how they take up vanillin and how their growth is affected by the presence of the phenolic compound. Two strains were identified as Rhodotorula babjevae. One of them, L4, together with LS22, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, could withstand and biodegrade high concentrations of vanillin, producing biodegradation products with Rf values similar to the ones know for vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol. Better growth in medium supplemented with small doses of vanillin was found, as well as disparity among the same species and their metabolic features, therefore, herbicides resistance was suggested as a reason for strains divergence. Further morphological-species comparison could also describe if there exist a relation between them. / Estudios sobre la biodegradación de ligninas por levaduras basidiomicetes muestran la conversión de lignina en distintos productos de degradación, entre los cuales se encuentra la vainillina, un fuerte inhibidor de la fermentación y el crecimiento de levaduras. Las levaduras Sporidiobolales utilizadas en estos experimentos han intentado ser identificadas a través de la región ETI, muy conservada, además de estudiadas en medios suplementados con vainillina mediante placas suplementadas con vainillina, CCF y cámara de Neubauer para averiguar cuáles son las cepas más resistentes, entender cómo metabolizan la vainillina y cómo su crecimiento se ve afectado por la presencia de dicho compuesto. Dos cepas fueron identificadas como Rhodotorula babjevae. Una de ellas, L4, junto con con la cepa LS22, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae, pudieron soportar y biodegradar elevadas concentraciones de vainillina, originando productos de biodegradación con valores de Rf similares a los del ácido vanílico y alcohol vanílico previamente conocidos. Se encontró un crecimiento mejor en medios suplementados con pequeñas dosis de vainillina además de una disparidad entre mismas especies y sus características metabólicas, así, herbicidas han sido sugeridos como una posible causa en dicha divergencia. Una futura comparación morfología-especie podrá describir si existe relación entre ambos.

- 4 - ABSTRACT During the revision of epiphytic species of the Lecanora subfusca group in the Czech Republic, nine taxa have been recorded. L. cinereofusca and L. exspersa are reported for the first time from the country. L. circumborealis has been excluded from the list of Czech lichens. L. cinereofusca and L. horiza could be considered as extinct. L. rugosella and L. subrugosa are regarded as extreme morpholocial forms from L. chlarotera and L. argentata. These morphotypes corelate with ecological conditions: substrate (nutrient enriched bark) and habitat (eutrophisation effect). In case of L. subrugosa, this speculation was confirmed by molecular data (ITS rDNA sequences). Several new secondary metabolites have been discovered during the detailed research of chemical lichen compounds. These substances belonging to terpenoids are taxonomically important and very helpful for distinguishing single species. The abundance of L. allophana and L. chlarotera has decreased during last decades. Contrarily, L. pulicaris expanded slightly. The main reasons of changes in distribution are air pollution and acidification of substrates as the impact of acid rains. The rate of substrate acidification has been shown on example of L. pulicaris. In the past, this lichen predominated on acid-barked porophytes. Nowadays, it...

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los factores que influyeron en las exportaciones de Pisco al mercado de Estados Unidos en el marco del TLC en el periodo del 2002 al 2018. Se describirán los conceptos principales para lograr una mayor comprensión de la presente investigación. Se revisarán los antecedentes del sector pisquero en el Perú y su evolución a lo largo de los años a nivel local e internacional para medir su crecimiento en el mercado de estudio, tanto en volumen como en valor FOB. Asimismo, se revisará teoría de propiedad intelectual para lograr comprobar si es que la denominación de origen Pisco se encuentra dentro de los factores que han influenciado directamente en la exportación del Pisco. Por último, se evaluará la competitividad y el nivel de cuota de mercado del producto en mención frente a su principal competidor, Chile. Los tres objetivos planteados en el presente estudio tienen como propósito comprobar si es que los factores antes mencionados tienen injerencia directa con el tema en estudio y comprobar las hipótesis planteadas, lo cual se probará con la ayuda de un software estadístico y por medio de entrevistas. Para ello, se recopiló información a través de diversas herramientas metodológicas tales como: datos estadísticos de la SUNAT y del portal de Adex Data Trade, y entrevistas a expertos en temas relacionados al sector vitivinícola, en específico en el sector pisquero. / The present investigation aims to determinate the factors that influenced exports of Pisco to the USA market within the framework of the Trade Promotion Agreement in the term from 2002 to 2008. The main concepts will be described to achieve greater compression of the present investigation. The background of the pisco sector in Peru and its evolution over the years at local and international level will be reviewed to measure its growth in the market of study both in volume and in FOB value. Likewise, intellectual property theory will be reviewed, in order to verify whether the Pisco designation of origin is among the factors that have directly influenced the export of Pisco. Finally, the competitiveness and the level of market share will be evaluated of the product in question against its main competitor, Chile. The three principals aims set out in this study are to verify whether the aforementioned factors have direct interference with the subject under study and check the hypotheses, which will be tested with the help of statistical software and interviews. Therefore, information was collected through several methodological tools such as: statistical data of SUNAT, and the portal of Adex Data Trade, and interviews with experts, specifically in the Pisco Sector. / Tesis

The paper aims to mediate thin film chromatography analysis by means of drugs commonly found in households (analgesic-antipyretics) to secondary school and grammar students, or to college students. For this purpose, laboratory tasks have been designed to cover all levels of the Bloom pyramid so that the educational potential is as high as possible. This is closely related to the topic of drug expiration and treatment. Pupils and students should take on both the competences of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Keywords: thin layer chromatography; TLC; chromatography in education; educational experiment; expiratory medication; drug handling; analgesic- antipyretics, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioLFR_DISSERT.pdf: 949735 bytes, checksum: 7b0d7914f06ce721cd7df5864b67525c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / When scientists study methods, theory and standards in an inseparable form, he is facing a paradigm. Throughout the development of a determined science, paradigms can change by changing the methods, objective and standards of research. Fisheries science is changing the paradigm moving from the paradigm of maximization in the use of resources, quantified by the index of the catch, which was influenced by evolutionary concepts such as Optimal Foraging Theory, to the sustainability paradigm that seeks its foundation in the fishery ecosystem perspective. The goal of this study was to review methods, theory and the history of ecosystem indexes of fishery science that attempts to determine sustainability of fishery resources from the data capture. Ecosystems indexes by themselves may not be useful to measure the sustainability of fishing because they focus only on the environmental or ecological side of the sustainability tripod. Probably to measure the sustainability of fishing these indexes should include in the future the Payments for Ecosystem Services and Social Resilience. Thus the methods and theories are in constantly changing within science to meet the most current paradigm / Quando o cientista enxerga de forma insepar?vel os m?todos, a teoria e as normas ele est? diante de um paradigma. Ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento de uma determinada ci?ncia o paradigma pode mudar alterando os m?todos, os objetivos e as normas da pesquisa com o passar dos anos. Ci?ncia Pesqueira transitou de paradigma da maximiza??o na utiliza??o dos recursos, quantificada pelo ?ndice da captura, que foi influenciado por conceitos evolutivos como a Teoria do Forrageamento ?timo para um paradigma da sustentabilidade que busca seu alicerce na perspectiva ecossist?mica da pesca. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma revis?o que aborda m?todos, teoria e o hist?rico dos ?ndices ecossist?micos da ci?ncia pesqueira que tentam determinar a sustentabilidade dos recursos pesqueiros a partir dos dados de captura. Os ?ndices ecossist?micos talvez n?o consiga mensurar a sustentabilidade da pesca por si s?, porque eles abordam apenas o lado ambiental ou ecol?gico do trip? da sustentabilidade. Provavelmente para se mensurar a sustentabilidade da pesca esses ?ndices devem se juntar no futuro com os Pagamentos por Servi?os Ecossist?micos e a Resili?ncia Social. Assim os m?todos e as teorias se agregam e se reformulam constantemente dentro dessa ci?ncia para atender o paradigma mais atual

Cannabis is the only plant which contains cannabinoids and thanks to these compounds it has enormous potential. This thesis deals with the analysis of technical hemp. Effects of cannabinoids and methods used for cannabis analysis are discussed in the theoretical part. The experimental part includes spectrophotometric characterization of cannabis, it´s antimicrobial effects and thin layer chromatography analysis. Three sorts of Cannabis sativa L. were analyzed, namely Finola, Fedora and Kompolti. Firstly, the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in prepared tinctures were determined. Moreover, antimicrobial test were performed using disk test and turbidity determination. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast organism were tested. It was found that cannabis tinctures possess good antimicrobial effects. Some of them are comparable with synthetic antibiotics. Finally, thin layer chromatography enabled visualization of cannabinoids in prepared tinctures.

Entre los años 2015 - 2019, se observa un cambio constante en el volumen exportado de fibra de alpaca cardada o peinada peruana hacia el mercado chino, la cual no posee una explicación sustentada por una base científica. Es de este modo que se propone investigar y demostrar los factores involucrados de este hecho en el marco del TLC Perú - China, descubriendo que variables no arancelarias como las Disposiciones o Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias, así como los Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio; son posibles causantes de esta variación. Además, ambos tienen una influencia significativa en la alteración del precio exportación al que se vende el producto, por lo cual también se toma ello como una variable más. Para ello, la metodología usada para la investigación tiene un enfoque mixto (Cuantitativo y Cualitativo) con un Diseño de Integración Múltiple. La población y muestra es de acuerdo con cada estudio, cuantitativo y cualitativo, siendo la última clasificada como No Probabilística y Muestra de Expertos respectivamente. El instrumento para utilizar para el estudio cualitativo es la entrevista semiestructurada; mientras que para el cuantitativo se usa la investigación documental. La información hallada para ambos casos fue examinada en ATLAS.ti y SPSS de manera correspondiente. Se pudo concluir que las dos primeras variables no tuvieron un impacto negativo en las exportaciones como se expresa en diversos estudios referentes al tema; además de confirmar el involucramiento moderado del precio de exportación en la misma situación, coincidiendo ello con el estudio de referencia para esta variable. / During the period of 2015 to 2019, there is a constant change that is observed in the exported volume of Peruvian carded or combed alpaca fiber to the Chinese market, which doesn’t have an explanation supported by a scientific basis. Trough this, we decided to investigate and demonstrate the factors that contribute on this issue under Peru-China FTA, discovering that non-tariff variables such as Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, as well as Technical Barriers to Trade, are possible causes of this variation. Furthermore, both of them have a significant influence on the export price’s change at which the product is sold, for that reason it’s also considered as a variable. To execute this study, the methodology used for the research has a mixed approach (Quantitative and Qualitative) with a Multiple Integration Design. The chosen population is according to each study, while the samples obtained in both cases, quantitative and qualitative, are Non-Probabilistic and Expert Sample respectively. The instrument to use for the qualitative study is the interview; while secondary databases are used for the quantitative study. The information found for both cases was examined in ATLAS.ti and SPSS accordingly. It could be concluded that the first two variables didn’t have a negative impact on exports as expressed in several similar case studies, as well as the moderate involvement of the export price in the same situation is confirmed, coinciding with the reference study for this variable. / Tesis

This thesis describes a novel new method, termed the Tangent-Line-Chord (TLC) method, that can be used to more efficiently model creep deformation dominated by the tertiary regime. Creep deformation is a widespread mechanical mode of failure found in high-stress and temperature mechanical systems. To accurately simulate creep and its effect on structures, researchers utilize finite element analysis (FEA). General purpose FEA packages require extensive amounts of time and computer resources to simulate creep softening in components because of the large deformation rates that continuously evolve. The goal of this research is to employ multi-regime creep models, such as the Kachanov-Rabotnov model, to determine a set of equations that will allow creep to be simulated using as few iterations as possible. The key outcome is the freeing up of computational resources and the saving of time. Because both the number of equations and the value of material constants within the model change depending on the approach used, programming software will be utilized to automate this analytical process. The materials being considered in this research are mainly generic Ni-based superalloys, as they exhibit creep responses that are dominated by secondary and tertiary creep.

No description available.