According to the Swedish School Inspectorate school libraries in Sweden are not utilized to their full potential. They conclude that this has a lot to do with a lack of communication and collaboration. We have, with this as a working premise, analyzed the collaboration between school librarians and teachers with a basis in the Teacher Librarian Collaboration-models. The TLC-models illustrates the collaboration between school librarians and teachers by using four categories for collaboration. The results are based on four interviews with school librarians on the topic of collaboration with teachers from the librarians’ point of view. Three things to note according to the informants are their dependence on a library plan, the need for a more involved management that has a deeper understanding for what they want from the school library, and that overall, they express a satisfaction with the collaborations they do have with teachers although two of the respondents wish these were conducted with all of the teachers in their workplace and not just a select few. The models have been applied to the result to elucidate the level of cooperation and we can conclude that although the collaboration patterns are far from terrible there is room for improvement. For further research we suggest deeper investigations on the role of the library plan and its impact on the collaboration. We also suggest further research on the role of the teachers and principals should be done in disciplines outside Library and Information science. At last we see an advantage in this kind of study, but in a grand scale to gather a broad array of ideas and perspectives.

<p>IC2, a well known monoclonal autoantibody, derived from newly diabetic BB rat and seems to be an important biomarker for non-invasive functional imaging of beta cells in vivo. It specially and uniquely binds with pancreatic beta cells as confirmed in some previous studies. RIN-5AH is a pancreatic beta cell, which reacts with IC2 is used here to identify and characterize the molecular nature of the IC2 auto antigen by using TLC and HPTLC following by immuno-staining. An unpublished work already had done by Spitalnik et al, 1991 with another rat pancreatic beta cell (RINm5F) extracted glycolipids. In this study, the same work was done, not only with glycolipids from various cell lines but also lipids extracted from purified plasma membrane is made to confirm or refuge that IC2 was found to bind with only the glycolipids containing galactose-3-sulfate. This highly unique observation can however hardly explain the unique beta cell surface specificity without involvement of other more beta cell specific antigenic structures. We are therefore also searching the protein part involved in the auto antigenic determinant. Analyzing the molecular nature of IC2 binding auto-antigen, will help to understand both the role it might plays in the pathogenesis of insulin dependant diabetes. It could also help to elucidate the etiology of diabetes and finally to be a new serum autoantibody biomarker.</p>

<p>In modern gas turbines parts of combustion chamber and turbine section are under heavy heat load, for example, the rotor inlet temperature is far higher than the melting point of the rotor blade material. These high temperatures causes thermal stresses in the material, therefore it is very important to cool the components for safe operation and to achieve desired component life. But on the other hand the cooling reduces the turbine efficiency, for that reason it is vital to understand and optimize the cooling technique.</p><p>In this project Thermochromic Liquid Crystals (TLCs) are used to measure distribution of heat transfer coefficient over a scaled up combustor liner section. TLCs change their color with the variation of temperature in a particular temperature range. The color-temperature change relation of a TLC is sharp and precise; therefore TLCs are used to measure surface temperature by painting the TLC over a test surface. This method is called Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT). LCT is getting popular in industry due to its high-resolution results, repeatability and ease of use.</p><p>Test model in present study consists of two plates, target plate and impingement plate. Cooling of the target plate is achieved by impingement of air coming through holes in the impingement plate. The downstream surface of the impingement plate is then cooled by cross flow and re-impingement of the coolant air.</p><p>Heat transfer on the target plate is not uniform; areas under the jet which are called stagnation points have high heat transfer as compare to the areas away from the center of jet. It is almost the same situation for the impingement plate but the location of stagnation point is different. A transient technique is used to measure this non-uniform heat transfer distribution. It is assumed that the plates are semi-infinitely thick and there is no lateral heat transfer in the plates. To fulfill the assumptions a calculated time limit is followed and the test plates are made of Plexiglas which has very low thermal conductivity.</p><p>The transient technique requires a step-change in the mainstream temperature of the test section. However, in practical a delayed increase in mainstream temperature is attained. This issue is dealt by applying Duhamel’s theorem on the step-change heat transfer equation. MATLAB is used to get the Hue data of the recorded video frames and calculate the time taken for each pixel to reach a predefined surface temperature. Having all temperatures and time values the heat transfer equation is iteratively solved to get the value of heat transfer coefficient of each and every pixel of the test surface.</p><p>In total fifteen tests are conducted with different Reynolds number and different jet-to-target plate distances. It is concluded that for both the target and impingement plates, a high Reynolds number provides better overall heat transfer and increase in jet-to-target distance</p><p>decreases the overall heat transfer.</p>

IC2, a well known monoclonal autoantibody, derived from newly diabetic BB rat and seems to be an important biomarker for non-invasive functional imaging of beta cells in vivo. It specially and uniquely binds with pancreatic beta cells as confirmed in some previous studies. RIN-5AH is a pancreatic beta cell, which reacts with IC2 is used here to identify and characterize the molecular nature of the IC2 auto antigen by using TLC and HPTLC following by immuno-staining. An unpublished work already had done by Spitalnik et al, 1991 with another rat pancreatic beta cell (RINm5F) extracted glycolipids. In this study, the same work was done, not only with glycolipids from various cell lines but also lipids extracted from purified plasma membrane is made to confirm or refuge that IC2 was found to bind with only the glycolipids containing galactose-3-sulfate. This highly unique observation can however hardly explain the unique beta cell surface specificity without involvement of other more beta cell specific antigenic structures. We are therefore also searching the protein part involved in the auto antigenic determinant. Analyzing the molecular nature of IC2 binding auto-antigen, will help to understand both the role it might plays in the pathogenesis of insulin dependant diabetes. It could also help to elucidate the etiology of diabetes and finally to be a new serum autoantibody biomarker.

In modern gas turbines parts of combustion chamber and turbine section are under heavy heat load, for example, the rotor inlet temperature is far higher than the melting point of the rotor blade material. These high temperatures causes thermal stresses in the material, therefore it is very important to cool the components for safe operation and to achieve desired component life. But on the other hand the cooling reduces the turbine efficiency, for that reason it is vital to understand and optimize the cooling technique. In this project Thermochromic Liquid Crystals (TLCs) are used to measure distribution of heat transfer coefficient over a scaled up combustor liner section. TLCs change their color with the variation of temperature in a particular temperature range. The color-temperature change relation of a TLC is sharp and precise; therefore TLCs are used to measure surface temperature by painting the TLC over a test surface. This method is called Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT). LCT is getting popular in industry due to its high-resolution results, repeatability and ease of use. Test model in present study consists of two plates, target plate and impingement plate. Cooling of the target plate is achieved by impingement of air coming through holes in the impingement plate. The downstream surface of the impingement plate is then cooled by cross flow and re-impingement of the coolant air. Heat transfer on the target plate is not uniform; areas under the jet which are called stagnation points have high heat transfer as compare to the areas away from the center of jet. It is almost the same situation for the impingement plate but the location of stagnation point is different. A transient technique is used to measure this non-uniform heat transfer distribution. It is assumed that the plates are semi-infinitely thick and there is no lateral heat transfer in the plates. To fulfill the assumptions a calculated time limit is followed and the test plates are made of Plexiglas which has very low thermal conductivity. The transient technique requires a step-change in the mainstream temperature of the test section. However, in practical a delayed increase in mainstream temperature is attained. This issue is dealt by applying Duhamel’s theorem on the step-change heat transfer equation. MATLAB is used to get the Hue data of the recorded video frames and calculate the time taken for each pixel to reach a predefined surface temperature. Having all temperatures and time values the heat transfer equation is iteratively solved to get the value of heat transfer coefficient of each and every pixel of the test surface. In total fifteen tests are conducted with different Reynolds number and different jet-to-target plate distances. It is concluded that for both the target and impingement plates, a high Reynolds number provides better overall heat transfer and increase in jet-to-target distance decreases the overall heat transfer.

Given the context of globalization and growing competition, we assist at a reduction of the product life cycle and at a rapid diffusion of creations and innovations. To respond to the fast changing customers’ demand and to reinforce their market position, firms shall design an effective creative process offering superior customer value and insuring their future in the long term. First of all, after an explanation of the differences between creativity and innovation, the creative process of high-tech firms in terms of actors involved, resources allocation, leadership and management of creative people will be depicted. Secondly, the creative destruction process and some of the inherent obstacles and risks of the creative process will be addressed. Thirdly, the concepts of Technology Life Cycle (TLC) and Product Life Cycle (PLC) will be developed. Within this thesis, our ideas are presented and justified through three methodologies: Literature Review, case study and interview. We mainly used the cases of Hewlett-Packard (HP) and France Telecom Orange (FTO) to backup our argumentation. We conceptualized the creative process and we highlighted the connections between the creative process and the Product Life Cycle. With the help of two other small cases study (Nintendo and Apple), we emphasized the downward trend of high-tech products’ lifecycle in the long run. Ultimately, four practical recommendations are given to leaders from high-tech industries and directions to deeper research this topic are advised.

Tikslas: optimizuoti instrumentinės analizės metodus (plonasluoksnė chromatografija ir efektyvioji skysčių chromatografija) bromazepamo, klorazepato ir nimesulido mišinio išskirstymui ir komponentų identifikavimui.Uždaviniai:optimizuoti bromazepamo, klorazepato, nimesulido mišinio komponentų atskyrimą ir identifikavimą plonasluoksnės chromatografijos metodu. Optimizuoti plonasluoksnės chromatografijos metodą kiekybiniam bromazepamo, klorazepato ir nimesulido nustatymui. Optimizuoti bromazepamo, klorazepato, nimesulido mišinio komponentų atskyrimą ir identifikavimą efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu, sukurtą metodiką pritaikyti kraujo plazmos mėginio tyrimui. / The aim of this work was to optimize instrumental analysis methods designed for separation and identification of bromazepam, clorazepate and nimesulide from their mixture samples. In order to achieve our goal we have set ourselves these tasks – to optimize thin-layer chromatography method for separation and identification of bromazepam, clorazepate, nimesulide mixture components; to optimize the thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of bromazepam, clorazepate and nimesulide; to optimize separation and identification of components from bromazepam, clorazepate, nimesulide mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography method and to adapt and develop methodology design for plasma sample analysis.

<p>Given the context of globalization and growing competition, we assist at a reduction of the product life cycle and at a rapid diffusion of creations and innovations. To respond to the fast changing customers’ demand and to reinforce their market position, firms shall design an effective creative process offering superior customer value and insuring their future in the long term.</p><p>First of all, after an explanation of the differences between creativity and innovation, the creative process of high-tech firms in terms of actors involved, resources allocation, leadership and management of creative people will be depicted. Secondly, the creative destruction process and some of the inherent obstacles and risks of the creative process will be addressed. Thirdly, the concepts of Technology Life Cycle (TLC) and Product Life Cycle (PLC) will be developed.</p><p>Within this thesis, our ideas are presented and justified through three methodologies: Literature Review, case study and interview. We mainly used the cases of Hewlett-Packard (HP) and France Telecom Orange (FTO) to backup our argumentation.</p><p>We conceptualized the creative process and we highlighted the connections between the creative process and the Product Life Cycle. With the help of two other small cases study (Nintendo and Apple), we emphasized the downward trend of high-tech products’ lifecycle in the long run. Ultimately, four practical recommendations are given to leaders from high-tech industries and directions to deeper research this topic are advised.</p>

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Various dermatological disorders, such as formation of black pigmented patches on the surface of the skin arise from the over-activity of tyrosinase enzyme's degenerative action. This enzyme is further implicated in the involvement of melanin in malignant melanoma, the most lifethreatening skin tumors. Although, synthetic products were found effective to combat this menace, nevertheless, overtime detrimental effect on human skin is a challenge. Investigation of natural tyrosinase inhibitors from methanol extracts of medicinal plants of Lamiaceae family using L-tyrosine as substrate on three different complementary assays (TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry) was carried out accordingly. The result indicated Salvia chamelaeagnea, Salvia dolomitica, Plectranthus ecklonii, Plectranthus namaensis, and Plectranthus zuluensis, with significant zone of inhibition against tyrosinase on TLC bio-autography, spectrophotometry result showed that extracts of Plectranthus ecklonii (IC50 = 21.58 μg/mL), Plectranthus zuluensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL), Plectranthus madagascariensis (IC50 = 23.99 μg/mL) and Salvia lanceolata (IC50 = 28.83) demonstrated good anti-tyrosinase activity when compared with kojic acid (IC50 = 3.607 μg/mL). On the other hand, cyclic voltammetry are in consonant with above results thereby supported the nomination of some of the extracts as strong anti-tyrosinase agents. Salvia chamelaeagnea showed strong activity in cyclic voltammetry and clear zone of inhibition on TLC bioautography, these reasons gave us justification for further chemical study to isolate the bioactive constituents. Phytochemical investigation of the bioactive extract of Salvia chamelaeagnea using different chromatographic methods including column chromatographic and semi preparative HPLC afforded six (6) known compounds viz carsonol (C1), carnosic acid (C2), 7- ethoxylrosmanol (C3), ursolic acid (C4), rosmanol (C5) and ladanein (C6). Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR) data as well as correlations with existing literature. The methanolic extract of S. chamelaeagnea (SC) showed moderate antityrosinase (IC50 = 267.4 μg/mL) activity, total antioxidant capacities measured as: Oxygen radicals absorbance capacity (ORAC; 14970 ± 5.16 μM TE/g), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 9869.43 ± 7.87 μM AAE/g) and trolox equivalent absorbance capacity (TEAC; 13706.5 ± 0.95 μM TE/g). Excellent total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by C1 and C5 respectively as FRAP (9338.92 ± 1.72; 8622.73 ± 1.92) μM AAE/g; TEAC (16505 ± 0.86; 10641.5 ± 0.52) μM TE/g; ORAC (14550.5 ± 3.65; 14633.90 ± 3.84) μM TE/g and including the inhibition of Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 32.5; 30.25) μg/mL. All the compounds except C4 are electro-active with well-defined oxidation-reduction peaks while C1 demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity by strongly decreased the inhibition current with time using cyclic voltammetry method. The isolated compounds especially C1, C2 and C5 are well known to combat with ageing problems and documented for their powerful activity against oxidative stress and alzheimer's diseases, which are ageing related symptoms. The isolation of such bioactive compounds indicated the synergetic effect of the results of the three methods used in this thesis. This is the first report on the evaluation of both anti-tyrosinase and total antioxidant capacities of the isolated compounds from S. chamelaeagnea. The findings therefore can be used as background information for exploitation of skin depigmentation and antioxidant agents from natural source.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka lärares kollektiva lärande. Genom fenomenografiska grundidéer kring lärandeapsekter och kvalitativa skillnader i lärandet analyseras lärares interaktiva samtal. Uppsatsens frågeställningar är: Vilka lärandeaspekter synliggörs i respondenternas interaktiva samtal? Vilka kvalitativa variatiaoner att närma sigl ärandet synliggörs i samtalen. Vilka möjliga relationella förhållanden synliggörs i det kollektiva lärandet mellan lärandeaspekter, kvalitativa variationer och teorin om meningsskapande? I uppsatsens används en fenomenografisk ansats där lärandeapsekter och kvalitativa skillnader i lärande fördjupas med hjälp av teorier om meningsskapande. Resultatanalysen visar och beskriver lärandeaspekterna ’vad’ och ’hur’. Sammanställningen visar att lärandeaspekterna i det interaktiva samtalet kan betraktas utifrån perspektivet inom och bortom innehållet. Respondenternas fyra kvalitativt varierande sätt att erfara lärandet prövas mot hållpunkter sprunga ur teorin om meningsskapande. Sammanställningen visar då att begrepp från teorin som ongoing, retrospective sense och plausiblity skulle kunna tänkas sammanfalla med den fenomenografiska analysen och synliggörandet av den. Begreppen förenklar och skapar medvetenhet om det fenomen som studeras och underlättar på så sätt praktisk och teoretisk tillämpning. Teoretiska hållpunkter inom meningsskapande som the change poet, sharebility constraints och engagemangshållning och förmågan att tolka stärker och argumenterar för det faktum att de kvalitativa variationerna som studien synliggör stämmer överens med metodansats och resultatanalys. Genom att studera den kollektiva sammanställningen gällande lärandeaspekter och kvalitativa variationer kontra den indivuella förändringsagenten, the change poet, konstateras att förändringspoeten stimulerar förändring mellan kvalitativa skilda sätt att erfara. Detta innebär, utifrån fenomenografins utgångspunkt, ett lärande. Slutsatsen kan därför dras att förändringspoeten också kan benämnas ’lärandepoet’ eftersom de innehar samma förändringsmotiverande förmågor, egenskaper och komponenter. Lärandets poesi uppstår när multipla lärandepoeter med varierande förändringsmotiverandeförmågor, egenskaper och komponenter, som med varierande dominanta ställningstaganden tillsammans skapar ett samtalsflöde i rörelse, ett flöde som innefattar samtliga delar i den meningsskapande processen men också innefattas av varierande kvalitativa sätt att närma sig lärandet.