English Abstract Evaluating the cases is the most important work in Venture Capital Company. So the key successful factor is to correctly and efficiently choose the invest case. In the past researches, they probed the important of evaluating criteria and ranged the evaluating criteria. But no study researches were from characters of manager, so the study wants to know the relationship between the characters of manager and the evaluating criteria. The results show that the venture capital managers who have commerce background would pay more attention to the marketing ability of enterprise team; managers who have science or engineering background would pay less attention to the financial ability of enterprise team; managers who have the experience in high-tech industry would pay less attention to marketing ability of enterprise team. And the emphases on managerial ability and product and technology innovation would grow up with the age of the venture capital managers. Besides that, this study finds that in the venture capital industry managers are very young and have high educational background.

This dissertation consists of three papers examining managerial decision theory, executive compensation, and firm performance. The first paper examines the relationship between executive pay and common equity holdings and risk-adjusted performance; the second paper examines the relationship between executive pay and common equity holdings and strategic decisions, specifically entry mode decisions; and, the third paper develops theory related to the relationship between organizational constitution, valuation constitution, and executive compensation. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

Carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation lowers brain pH and induces anxiety, fear, and panic responses in humans. In mice, CO2 produces freezing and avoidance behavior that has been suggested to depend on the amygdala. However, a recent study in humans with bilateral amygdala lesions revealed that CO2 can trigger fear and panic even in the absence of amygdalae, suggesting and important role for extra-amygdalar brain structures. Because the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) contributes to fear- and anxiety-related behaviors and expresses acid sensing ion channel-1A (ASIC1A), we hypothesized that the BNST plays an important role in CO2-evoked fear-related behaviors in mice. We found that BNST lesions decreased both CO2-evoked freezing and CO2-conditioned place avoidance. In addition, we found that CO2 inhalation caused BNST acidosis, and that acidosis was sufficient to depolarize BNST neurons and induce freezing behavior; both responses depended on ASIC1A. Finally, disrupting Asic1a specifically in the BNST reduced CO2-evoked freezing whereas viral vector mediated expression of ASIC1A in the BNST of Asic1a-/- and Asic1a+/+ mice increased CO2-evoked freezing. Together, these findings identify the BNST as an extra-amygdalar fear circuit structure important in CO2-evoked fear-related behavior. Genetic disruption of the acid-sensing ion channel-1A (ASIC1A) in mice results in deficits in several fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. These deficits have been largely attributed to the loss of ASIC1A in neurons. However, recent studies have identified ASIC1A in several types of non-neuronal cells, including glia. To test the hypothesis that it is the loss of ASIC1A in neurons that results in the behavioral deficits seen in Asic1a-/- mice, we generated SynCre+Asic1aloxP/loxP mice, in which ASIC1A is disrupted specifically in neurons. To validate these mice, we confirmed by PCR that the Asic1a floxed allele was disrupted in brain, but not tail DNA. We further detected a reduction in ASIC1A protein in the SynCre+Asic1aloxP/loxP mice by western blotting and ASIC1A immunohistochemsitry. Further characterization of cre expression with a Rosa26 cre reporter mouse revealed that cre expression did not occur in all neurons, but verified that cre expression was neuron-specific. This neuron-specific knockout of ASIC1A led to behavioral deficits in several models of fear and anxiety, including cued and context fear conditioning, predator odor-evoked freezing and CO2-evoked freezing. Together, these findings suggest that it is ASIC1A in neurons that mediates these fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a predator odor isolated from fox feces, elicits freezing and avoidance responses in rodents. This TMT-evoked freezing behavior depends on the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a brain region thought to contribute to anxiety in both humans and mice. Because the acid-sensing ion channel-1A (ASIC1A) is robustly expressed in the BNST and has been previously implicated in TMT-evoked freezing, we hypothesized that the BNST might be a site of ASIC1A action in the TMT-evoked freezing response. Consistent with previous studies, we found that TMT-evoked freezing depended both on the olfactory bulb and on ASIC1A. Viral-mediated disruption of ASIC1A in the BNST reduced TMT-evoked freezing, whereas, viral mediated expression of ASIC1A in the BNST of Asic1a-/- mice increased TMT-evoked freezing. We further observed that TMT exposure induces a modest acidosis, likely due to TMT-induced respiratory suppression. However, this respiratory suppression was not unique to odors that evoke freezing, suggesting that it does not drive the TMT-evoked freezing response. Together, these findings suggest that the BNST is a key site of ASIC1A action in TMT-evoked freezing. Regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical to insure that the brain has adequate resources to maintain normal function. One of the strongest regulators of CBF is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 and acidosis are thought to induce vasodilation and increase CBF by initiating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, though the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Recent unpublished studies have suggested that the acid-sensing ion channel-1A (ASIC1A) plays a role in hypercapnia-induced vasodilation. Therefore, we hypothesized that CO2-induced NO production would depend on ASIC1A. We found that CO2 induced robust NO production in Asic1a+/+ but not Asic1a-/- mice. To test the role of neuronal ASIC1A in CO2-induced NO production, we generated SynCre+Asic1aloxP/loxP mice, in which ASIC1A is disrupted specifically in neurons. We found that CO2 did not induce significant NO production in the SynCre+Asic1aloxP/loxP mice, suggesting that it is ASIC1A in neurons that mediates this response. Together, these studies suggest that ASIC1A may mediate neurovascular coupling and regulate CBF.

臺灣電子病歷內容基本格式 (Taiwan Electronic Medical Record Template, TMT)是參考國際相關標準之後，專為臺灣本土需求而設計的電子病歷標準。為了進一步評估TMT的實用性與實施上可能遭遇到的問題，衛生署於民國96年推動了「建構以病人為中心之電子病歷跨院資訊交換環境案」，目前已完成參與該專案各醫院的實地測試工作。 在檢視專案執行的結果後，我們發現TMT資訊系統有三項主要的缺點：一、TMT病歷標準不易閱讀，難以撰寫從醫院醫療資訊系統彙總TMT所需資料的指令集；二、製作TMT系統所須的設定檔程序過於繁複，不但時間攏長而且容易出錯；三、線上實際產生個別病患的TMT資料的時間過長，執行效能有待提昇。有鑑於此，我們設計並實作了一套適用於TMT標準的電子病歷文件產生工具，我們重新設計了規格文件檔及輔助設定檔，並提供了Schema Processor自動化工具產生這些檔案；同時，我們也改進了病歷資料彙總程序，搭配高便利性的設定檔，病歷文件產生工具在執行效能上了有明顯的改善。 在詳細、完整的規格文件檔協助下，資訊人員能更快的了解病歷標準架構及撰寫病歷資料查詢語法，以利產出正確的電子病歷文件；透過自動化工具的輔助，簡化了設定檔的製作程序，改善了耗時且容易出錯的缺點；相較於目前的TMT系統，我們的工具執行效能提昇了80%以上，產出電子病歷文件的時間只要原來的五分之一。 / The Taiwan Electronic Medical Record Template (TMT) proposed by Taiwan Association for Medical Informatics (TAMI) aims to provide a suite of standard forms that will become the common basis for developing electronic medical record (EMR) systems in Taiwan. It is specified in the XML standard for facilitating data interchange. In order to further assess the usefulness of TMT, in 2007 the Department of Health lauched the project "Building of an Information Exchange Environment for Cross-Hospital Digital Medical Record" to put the TMT to a filed test. There are in total eleven hospitals in the project and they all successfully implemented a significant subset of TMT using their hospital information systems (HIS). / However, towards the end of the project, we have identified three major shortcomings of the content aggregator for TMT provided by the TAMI: First, as the TMT Schema is rather complex, it is very difficult for hospital IT staff to prepare the required query instructions to retrieve the data stored in the HIS database. Although there is a XML data mapping tool provided to simplify the mapping process, we found that it did not ease the mapping task as the TAMI staff had expected. Second, the configuration files for preparing a patient’s EMR are too complicated, making the implementation process not only long time but also error-prone. Third, the time required to produce a single sheet of TMT is much longer than planned. There is an urgent need to improve the performance of the content aggregator. / Therefore, we propose to re-engineer the content aggregator of TMT for retrieving the required data from the HIS database. Specifically, we redesigned the specification document files and configuration files, and provided a Schema Processor tool to generate these files in a semi-automatically manner. As a result, the IT staff of hospitals can more quickly understand the structure of TMT Schema and prepare the query instructions effectively. Finally, with the powerful configuration files, our TMT document generator runs much faster than the existing one. According to our experimental results, it enhances the performance of generating a TMT sheet more than 80 percent.

ABSTRACT Drawing on the upper-echelons (UE) theory and strategic human resources management (SHRM) framework, this study aims to study the effects of top management team (TMT) characteristics on business strategy, strategic HR system relationship, and TMT behavioral integration as a moderating variable among the relationships. This research used both a survey and company data of 122 publicly listed firms in Taiwan to tested an integrated theoretical model relating to TMT characteristics (i.e., TMT demographic heterogeneity and TMT perception towards HR value), business strategies (i.e., differentiation strategy), strategic HR system (i.e., high performance work system ¡VHPWS) and TMT behavioral integration. The findings of this study included: (1) the direct positive relationship between the differentiation strategy and HPWS; (2) the significant relationship between the TMT demographic heterogeneity (i.e. TMT functionality heterogeneity and TMT educational background heterogeneity) and TMT perception towards HR value, and differentiation strategy; (3) the significant relationships between TMT perception towards HR value and differentiation strategy as well as its relationship with HPWS; and (4) a full moderation effect of TMT behavioral integration in the relationship between TMT perception towards HR value and HPWS. This study demonstrates significant associations between TMT, business strategy and HPWS. Reported results support some of the previously established relationships. Implications for future research are discussed.

I dagens samhälle ökar mängden information som användarna lagrar på sina datorer och samtidigt ökar hoten mot informationen. Genom säkerhetskopiering kan informationen skyddas mot olika hot så som hårddiskkrascher och liknande men ändå försvinner information hela tiden. För att undersöka hur vanligt det är att användare utför säkerhetskopiering genomförs en enkätundersökning. Enkätundersökningen undersöker dels om användare utför säkerhetskopiering men även varför eller varför inte. Undersökningen utgår ifrån TMT, Temporal Motivation Theory, för att beskriva sambandet mellan olika faktorer som kan påverka användningen av säkerhetskopiering. Bland annat undersöks svårighetsgraden och tidsåtgången för att använda säkerhetskopiering. Enkätundersökningen visar att mer än hälften av användarna använder sig av säkerhetskopiering och att flera andra gör ett aktivt val att inte använda säkerhetskopiering. Genom att automatisera lösningar för säkerhetskopiering och förenkla dessa utan att ha ett högt pris hade fler användare valt att använda dessa och på så sätt hade fler filer kunnat räddas.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of connective cars and the types of threats that can occur and how to protect against them. The general part described the general model of the car. In the next part of the work, templates were created in the Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool with threats and countermeasures to them.

Background:Top management teams (TMTs) in family firms (FFs) have received limited attention inresearch. They are however argued to play a critical role for FFs. TMTs are also argued to playan important role in is innovation, despite this, while research within TMTs in FFs has gainedan increased interest, there is a gap in the understanding of cohesion within TMTs and how itinfluences innovation. The paper attempts to fill this gap. Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to research how high levels of cohesion in FF TMTs influencesinnovation. Method:The research strategy for this study was qualitative case study. The empirical material used forthe study has been gathered through 5 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with one familyfirm. The method by (Gioia, Corley & Hamilton, 2012) was followed to code the data. Conclusion:The findings were threefold, the first one is that high levels of cohesion put more emphasis ontrust instead of formal power which influences innovation by determining who makes decisions.The second one is that high levels of cohesion results in easier agreements which could causegroupthink. The third is that high levels of cohesion can make companies more inclined to relyon inside knowledge and in turn, focus their attention on exploitative innovations.

Bestimmte Extraktstoffe aus thermisch modifizierter Buche weisen fungizide Eigenschaften auf. Methanol-Extrakte aus thermisch modifizierter Buche, die in Propanon wieder aufgelöst wurden, wiesen eine leichte pilzwachstumshemmende Wirkung auf. Die getränkten Prüfkörper aus Buche erreichten eine Zuordnung zur Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse 4, d. h. nicht dauerhaft. Prüfkörper, die mit anderen Extrakten aus thermisch modifizierter Buche getränkt wurden, dabei insbesondere Wasser-Extrakte, weisen dagegen keine signifikante Resistenzverbesserung auf. Die Analyse der Methanol-Extrakte mittels Gaschromatografie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung (GC-MS) ließ einen erhöhten Anteil bestimmter phenolischer Verbindungen erkennen, die teilweise Resistenz fördernde Wirkungen haben. Das Vorhandensein dieser Verbindungen kann somit als Begründung der Verbesserung der Resistenz entsprechend imprägnierter Prüfkörper herangezogen werden. Die Endfassung des Artikels ist auf www.holztechnologie.de verfügbar. / Certain extractives from thermally modified beech have fungicidal properties. Methanol extracts, resolubilized in propanone, caused a significant retardation of fungal growth on native beech specimen. Beech specimen impregnated with these extractives could be assigned to the durability class 4, i. e. not permanent. Other extracts of thermally modified beech, in particular water extracts, did not show significant improvement in resistance. The analysis of methanol extracts using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed an increased amount of phenolic compounds known to increase resistance. Their presence in organic extracts of thermally modified wood may explain the improvement of the resistance of the impregnated specimen. The original publication is available at www.holztechnologie.de.

Bestimmte Extraktstoffe aus thermisch modifizierter Buche weisen fungizide Eigenschaften auf. Methanol-Extrakte aus thermisch modifizierter Buche, die in Propanon wieder aufgelöst wurden, wiesen eine leichte pilzwachstumshemmende Wirkung auf. Die getränkten Prüfkörper aus Buche erreichten eine Zuordnung zur Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse 4, d. h. nicht dauerhaft. Prüfkörper, die mit anderen Extrakten aus thermisch modifizierter Buche getränkt wurden, dabei insbesondere Wasser-Extrakte, weisen dagegen keine signifikante Resistenzverbesserung auf. Die Analyse der Methanol-Extrakte mittels Gaschromatografie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung (GC-MS) ließ einen erhöhten Anteil bestimmter phenolischer Verbindungen erkennen, die teilweise Resistenz fördernde Wirkungen haben. Das Vorhandensein dieser Verbindungen kann somit als Begründung der Verbesserung der Resistenz entsprechend imprägnierter Prüfkörper herangezogen werden. Die Endfassung des Artikels ist auf www.holztechnologie.de verfügbar. / Certain extractives from thermally modified beech have fungicidal properties. Methanol extracts, resolubilized in propanone, caused a significant retardation of fungal growth on native beech specimen. Beech specimen impregnated with these extractives could be assigned to the durability class 4, i. e. not permanent. Other extracts of thermally modified beech, in particular water extracts, did not show significant improvement in resistance. The analysis of methanol extracts using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed an increased amount of phenolic compounds known to increase resistance. Their presence in organic extracts of thermally modified wood may explain the improvement of the resistance of the impregnated specimen. The original publication is available at www.holztechnologie.de.