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The aim of this thesis is to describe the Czech language on tombstones in selected cemeteries in the state of Iowa in the U.S., based on photos made in cooperation with Americans and photographs of Iowa cemeteries available on website. The first part deals with the emigration to the United States, the development of settlement Czech immigrants and Czech immigrant communities in Iowa. Then the text mentions the issue of epitaphs as evidence of assimilation of immigrants. Based on available data, examined photographs of tombstones are listed in Annex together with transcribed inscriptions on them. Following section involves linguistic analysis of texts, where is the influence of English reflected. The work is based on studies of E. Eckert, who devoted her work to the Czech language on the tombstones in Texas.

The diploma thesis deals with a complex research of tomb inscriptions located in cemeteries in micro-region Poličsko. It specifies and characterizes the researched region and defines its history. Besides dealing with an appearance of cemeteries, graves and tombstones all inscriptions are classified by a location on a tombstone and topic. The research also carries out the analysis of their content and introduces quotations from the Bible, extracts of songs and poems, statements of famous people written on tombstones and identifies their sources. Moreover it also analyzes German inscriptions on the graves in the researched field and compares them with the same age Czech inscriptions. My paper presents foreign language inscriptions in original forms, and translates them into Czech language. Last but not least it writes down the tomb inscriptions in their accurate form. KEYWORDS tombstones, inscriptions, Poličsko, cemetries, graves

The funerary grave stelae of the Roman cavalrymen are large, impressive monuments set apart from their military counterparts by the ornate relief carvings which they exhibit. The two most common motifs featured on these tombstones are the rider relief motifs and the totenmahl motifs. Aspects of both the reliefs and the inscribed epitaphs are distinctly characteristic of the Roman military. Throughout the history of the Roman Empire, men in the auxiliary cavalry units were recruited from non-Roman allied tribes. These recruits brought with them foreign languages, customs, and beliefs. Through a comparative study of Roman cavalry tombstones found in Great Britain, Germany, and Syria, I have attempted to identify iconographic and epigraphic elements that are evidence of the ethnic origins of the cavalrymen who are commemorated on these funerary monuments.

Istorinėse Vilniaus Bernardinų kapinėse paminklai su angelų skulptūromis yra įrašyti į kultūros paveldo registrą kaip objektai, sudarantys Bernardinų kapinių kompleksą. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas yra sukaupti medžiagą ir papildyti turimas žinias apie angelų skulptūras istorinėse Bernardinų kapinėse, jų restauravimo patirtį. Šiame tyrime apžvelgtos, įvertintos ir aprašytos Vilniaus Bernardinų kapinėse antkapius puošiančios angelų skulptūrų medžiagos, esama fizinė būklė bei skulptūrų tvarkybos poreikiai, teikiami siūlymai. Parašomos turimos žinios apie palaidotus asmenis. Pirmame šio darbo skyriuje trumpai apžvelgiama Bernardinų kapinių istorija, restauravimo patirtis. Antrame skyriuje dėmesys koncentruojamas į antkapiniuose paminkluose vaizduojamų angelų skulptūrų paveldosauginį ir paveldotvarkinį aspektą. Trečiajame skyriuje rašomos trumpos išvados apie fizinę paminklų būklę ir restauravimo ar konservavimo poreikį, menininis vertinimas mano, kaip restauratorės, požiūriu. Nors didžioji dalis skulptūrų yra geros būklės ir yra atlikti atskirų objektų restauravimo darbai, visoms reikalinga priežiūra ar tolesnis konservavimas. Manytina, kad šis tyrimas galėtų būti naudingas restauratoriams, studentams, ketinantiems praktikuotis restauravimo srityje, dirbant prie antkapinių paminklų. / Tombstones with angelic figures of historic Bernardinai cemetery in Vilnius are entered into the list of cultural heritage, as objects of Bernardinai cemetery ensemble. The primary aim of this study is to collect data and to add to the existing knowledge about angelic sculptures and their restoration experience in the historic Bernardinai cemetery. This study involves reviews of angelic sculptures decorating tombstones of Bernardinai cemetery, review of their physical condition and restoration requirements, suggestions. First chapter of the study consist of a short review of the history of Bernardinai cemetery and its restoration experience. The second chapter concentrates on heritage protection and restoration aspect of the angelic sculptures in tombstones. Third chapter consists of short findings about the physical condition of tombstones and need of their restoration or conservation, also their artistic evaluation by me, as a restaurateur. Although most of the sculptures are in good condition and the required restoration works for some of them are done, all of them need further inspection or conservation. This study could be useful to restaurateurs, students who are planning to practice restoration or work with tombstone monuments.

The main subject of the thesis was to create epigraphic catalogue of th e Jewish cemetery in Kožlany, as one of the basis to the further knowledge of the Jewish settlement of studied region. The first part is devoted to methodological approaches and solutions of the documentation process of Jewish epigraphic heritage on which the terrain research and the subsequent evaluation has been carried out. The second part provides a summary of documentation and the third part presents evaluation of the data obtained, which is based on the epigraphic catalogue. The final part of the thes is is devoted to the history of selected Jewish families, whose members were buried at the cemetery in Kožlany.