This study measured the effects of spoil type and amendments on Appalachian mine soil properties over time. The Controlled Overburden Placement Experiment was installed in 1982 in two parts, the Rock Mix (RM) Experiment compares mixes of sandstone (SS) and siltstone (SiS) spoils while the Surface Amendment (SA) Experiment compares a fertilized control (CON), sawdust (SD at 112 Mg ha⁻¹), topsoil (TSâ 15 cm), and biosolids (BS) at 22, 56, 112 & 224 Mg ha⁻¹. Both experiments were sampled in 2008 and compared with historical data. After 26 years, all RM treatments had higher silt+clay and decreased sand. Mine soil pH and electrical conductance (EC) were lower in high SS spoils and overall pH was lower and EC higher in surface layers. Fe-oxides increased over time and adversely affected extractable P. Exchangeable cations and total N increased in all treatments. Annual C-sequestration rates were 0.51 Mg ha⁻¹ for 1:1 SS:SiS and 0.32 Mg ha⁻¹ for SiS. In the SA experiment, extractable P and exchangeable cations increased over time in organically amended plots. The CON and TS sequestered C at 0.54 Mg ha⁻¹ and 0.87 Mg ha⁻¹ annually while higher BS and SD treatments lost C, but mobilized significant C into their subsoils. In the SA, an apparent C retention maximum of 30-35 Mg ha⁻¹ was noted. Overall, rock type and amendment effects were still evident after 26 years and the long-term benefits of organic amendments were reflected in sustained higher C, exchangeable cations, total N and P levels. / Master of Science

A mineração causa graves impactos ambientais, sendo o solo um dos componentes do meio físico mais vulnerável durante a exploração das jazidas. O ciclo do N tem sido bastante estudado, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a trajetória de recuperação da sua ciclagem em florestas restauradas após a mineração de bauxita. O objetivo foi investigar de que maneira o processo de restauração florestal em área minerada para extração de bauxita interfere na ciclagem do nitrogênio no sistema solo-planta-serapilheira. Para tanto, foram mensurados nesses compartimentos a disponibilidade de N, suas razões N:P e a abundância natural do isótopo estável de N (?15N). As hipóteses propostas foram: \"A restauração florestal, conduzida pelo uso de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas e adição de topsoil é suficiente para aumentar a disponibilidade de N no ecossistema\", e \"Áreas mineradas em processo de restauração florestal, com o avanço da sucessão ecológica, podem desenvolver uma dinâmica na ciclagem de N próxima ao ecossistema de referência, apresentando valores de concentrações desse nutriente nos seus compartimentos (solo-planta-serapilheira) semelhantes a esse ecossistema\". O estudo foi conduzido no município de Poços de Caldas/MG, sendo considerados três tratamentos: floresta nativa, área restaurada há aproximadamente 06 anos e área restaurada há 24 anos, com seis repetições para cada. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. O ciclo do N não foi recuperado nas florestas em restauração. Entretanto, há uma tendência de a ciclagem desse elemento assemelhar-se a da floresta nativa, conforme o avanço da sucessão ecológica. Deste modo, ambas as hipóteses propostas foram confirmadas, sendo a utilização de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio adensado de espécies nativas e a adição de topsoil, os principais responsáveis pelos resultados / Mining causes serious environmental impacts and the soil is the most vulnerable component of the physical environment during the exploitation of deposits. The N cycle has been extensively studied, however, little is known about the recovery trend of its cycling in forests restored after bauxite mining. The aim was to investigate how the forest restoration process in bauxite mined area interferes in the nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant-litter system. Therefore, we measured the availability of N, the N:P ratios and the natural abundance of N stable isotope (?15N) in these compartments. The hypotheses proposed were: \"Forest restoration, driven by the use of ecological engineering techniques, planting of native tree species and addition of topsoil is sufficient to increase the availability of N in the ecosystem\", and \"Mined areas in forest restoration process, with the advancement of ecological succession, can develop a dynamics in N cycling resembling to that of the reference ecosystem, presenting values of concentrations of this nutrient in their compartments (soil-plant-litter) similar to this ecosystem. The study was conducted in Poços de Caldas county, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, considering three treatments: native forest, area restored for approximately 06 years and a restored area for 24 years with six repetitions for each. The design was completely randomized in a split plot. The N cycle has not been recovered in forest restoration. However, there is a tendency of N cycling resemble that of the native forest as the advancement of ecological succession. Thus, both hypotheses were confirmed, and the use of ecological engineering techniques, dense planting of native species and the addition of topsoil, were the main responsible for these results

A mineração causa graves impactos ambientais, sendo o solo um dos componentes do meio físico mais vulnerável durante a exploração das jazidas. O ciclo do N tem sido bastante estudado, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a trajetória de recuperação da sua ciclagem em florestas restauradas após a mineração de bauxita. O objetivo foi investigar de que maneira o processo de restauração florestal em área minerada para extração de bauxita interfere na ciclagem do nitrogênio no sistema solo-planta-serapilheira. Para tanto, foram mensurados nesses compartimentos a disponibilidade de N, suas razões N:P e a abundância natural do isótopo estável de N (?15N). As hipóteses propostas foram: \"A restauração florestal, conduzida pelo uso de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio de espécies arbóreas nativas e adição de topsoil é suficiente para aumentar a disponibilidade de N no ecossistema\", e \"Áreas mineradas em processo de restauração florestal, com o avanço da sucessão ecológica, podem desenvolver uma dinâmica na ciclagem de N próxima ao ecossistema de referência, apresentando valores de concentrações desse nutriente nos seus compartimentos (solo-planta-serapilheira) semelhantes a esse ecossistema\". O estudo foi conduzido no município de Poços de Caldas/MG, sendo considerados três tratamentos: floresta nativa, área restaurada há aproximadamente 06 anos e área restaurada há 24 anos, com seis repetições para cada. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas. O ciclo do N não foi recuperado nas florestas em restauração. Entretanto, há uma tendência de a ciclagem desse elemento assemelhar-se a da floresta nativa, conforme o avanço da sucessão ecológica. Deste modo, ambas as hipóteses propostas foram confirmadas, sendo a utilização de técnicas de engenharia ecológica, plantio adensado de espécies nativas e a adição de topsoil, os principais responsáveis pelos resultados / Mining causes serious environmental impacts and the soil is the most vulnerable component of the physical environment during the exploitation of deposits. The N cycle has been extensively studied, however, little is known about the recovery trend of its cycling in forests restored after bauxite mining. The aim was to investigate how the forest restoration process in bauxite mined area interferes in the nitrogen cycling in the soil-plant-litter system. Therefore, we measured the availability of N, the N:P ratios and the natural abundance of N stable isotope (?15N) in these compartments. The hypotheses proposed were: \"Forest restoration, driven by the use of ecological engineering techniques, planting of native tree species and addition of topsoil is sufficient to increase the availability of N in the ecosystem\", and \"Mined areas in forest restoration process, with the advancement of ecological succession, can develop a dynamics in N cycling resembling to that of the reference ecosystem, presenting values of concentrations of this nutrient in their compartments (soil-plant-litter) similar to this ecosystem. The study was conducted in Poços de Caldas county, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, considering three treatments: native forest, area restored for approximately 06 years and a restored area for 24 years with six repetitions for each. The design was completely randomized in a split plot. The N cycle has not been recovered in forest restoration. However, there is a tendency of N cycling resemble that of the native forest as the advancement of ecological succession. Thus, both hypotheses were confirmed, and the use of ecological engineering techniques, dense planting of native species and the addition of topsoil, were the main responsible for these results

This study investigates coal discard cover soil fertility and its potential for degradation, particularly in terms of its salinisation and acidification potential. Seven rehabilitated coal discard dumps in the Witbank, Ermelo and Newcastle regions were used as study areas. All areas were rehabilitated with a cover soil layer, revegetated and annually fertilised with nitrate fertilisers, super phosphate, kraal manure and lime. Performance guideline for pH of 5.5-(6.5 i0.5)-7.5 and electrical conductivity guideline of preferably less than 200 mS.rn-' but not higher than 400 mS.m-' were set based on literature information. Soil chemical data from a three-year fertilisation programme were used to assess the fertility of the cover soil surface (0-150mm). Data collected over a three year period as well as additional electrical conductivity and pH measurements from the cover soil surface, subsoil, cover soil/coal contact zone and underlying coal itself were used to assess the occurrence of salinisation and acidification of the cover soil. The soil fertility varied significantly among dumps as well as over the three years. Results indicated an increase in ammonium acetate extractable macro elements (calcium, magnesium and potassium). With the exception of manganese, no micro-element toxicities were recorded. Iron concentrations were slightly elevated in some of the sandy cover soil layers. No increase in soluble nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) was found and most soluble nitrogen was in the form of nitrates. In general the Bray extractable phosphate increased during the study period. It can be predicted that with the following fertiliser programme increases of exchangeable macro-elements as well as available phosphorus can be expected. The study could not indicate an increase in adsorbed or available nitrogen. Organic carbon was initially not analysed therefore no comments can be made whether organic matter increased. Four of the seven dumps surveyed had comparably similar organic carbon levels to the background samples. Overall the fertiliser programme increased the electrical conductivity and decreased the acidity of the cover soil surface. Acidity and salinity was in general not a problem at the surface of the cover soil and pH was even slightly higher in cover soil samples. The acidity and especially salinity increased at the subsoil and so did the sulphate concentrations. Calcium and magnesium sulphate were predominantly responsible for higher electrical conductivity measurements. The percentage exchangeable sodium was also predominantly less than 2% indicating that sodicity is not currently a problem in cover soil. Soil fertility was satisfactory for vegetation growth and macroelement concentrations were in the correct ratio although calcium was slightly high. An elevated sulphate concentration, in comparison to the natural grassland soils, as well as a high salinity and high acidity in the subsoil layers indicate that salinisation and acidification could deteriorate without proper management. A slightly acidic cover soil can also be attributed partially to its natural acidic pH due to the wellweathered and leach property of burrow pit. Higher than recommended salinity levels were found in subsoil samples but the occurrence of acidification of the subsoil was more dump specific. In relation to acidity and salinity guidelines only the cover soil of one dump was concerning and the larger dumps subsoil acidity and salinity were elevated. The following management strategies are proposed: a) The acidification potential, and therefore the pyrite content of the coal discard must be considered during decisions making on the rehabilitation method (clay barriers), topsoil depth, maintenance and mine closure potential. b) The occasional monitoring of the subsoil's and coal contact acidity is recommended, although not much can be done to stop acidification after cover-soil placement. c) To ensure a more sustained from of nitrogen supplementation over the long term the use of selected legumes should be investigated. Research in Europe and Australia suggested that nitrogen fixation could contribute substantially to the nitrogen for plant uptake. d) The physical properties of the topsoil (bulk density 8 soil compaction) are also being neglected and needs to be assessed occasionally and interpreted together with chemical analyses. Observations in other studies indicate that this could be the most fundamental problem for vegetation growth and not necessarily soil fertility, since soil physical properties could have a major impact on root development. Key words: Coal discard, mine rehabilitation, soil fertility, topsoil degradation, salinisation, and acidification / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This study investigates coal discard cover soil fertility and its potential for degradation, particularly in terms of its salinisation and acidification potential. Seven rehabilitated coal discard dumps in the Witbank, Ermelo and Newcastle regions were used as study areas. All areas were rehabilitated with a cover soil layer, revegetated and annually fertilised with nitrate fertilisers, super phosphate, kraal manure and lime. Performance guideline for pH of 5.5-(6.5 i0.5)-7.5 and electrical conductivity guideline of preferably less than 200 mS.rn-' but not higher than 400 mS.m-' were set based on literature information. Soil chemical data from a three-year fertilisation programme were used to assess the fertility of the cover soil surface (0-150mm). Data collected over a three year period as well as additional electrical conductivity and pH measurements from the cover soil surface, subsoil, cover soil/coal contact zone and underlying coal itself were used to assess the occurrence of salinisation and acidification of the cover soil. The soil fertility varied significantly among dumps as well as over the three years. Results indicated an increase in ammonium acetate extractable macro elements (calcium, magnesium and potassium). With the exception of manganese, no micro-element toxicities were recorded. Iron concentrations were slightly elevated in some of the sandy cover soil layers. No increase in soluble nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) was found and most soluble nitrogen was in the form of nitrates. In general the Bray extractable phosphate increased during the study period. It can be predicted that with the following fertiliser programme increases of exchangeable macro-elements as well as available phosphorus can be expected. The study could not indicate an increase in adsorbed or available nitrogen. Organic carbon was initially not analysed therefore no comments can be made whether organic matter increased. Four of the seven dumps surveyed had comparably similar organic carbon levels to the background samples. Overall the fertiliser programme increased the electrical conductivity and decreased the acidity of the cover soil surface. Acidity and salinity was in general not a problem at the surface of the cover soil and pH was even slightly higher in cover soil samples. The acidity and especially salinity increased at the subsoil and so did the sulphate concentrations. Calcium and magnesium sulphate were predominantly responsible for higher electrical conductivity measurements. The percentage exchangeable sodium was also predominantly less than 2% indicating that sodicity is not currently a problem in cover soil. Soil fertility was satisfactory for vegetation growth and macroelement concentrations were in the correct ratio although calcium was slightly high. An elevated sulphate concentration, in comparison to the natural grassland soils, as well as a high salinity and high acidity in the subsoil layers indicate that salinisation and acidification could deteriorate without proper management. A slightly acidic cover soil can also be attributed partially to its natural acidic pH due to the wellweathered and leach property of burrow pit. Higher than recommended salinity levels were found in subsoil samples but the occurrence of acidification of the subsoil was more dump specific. In relation to acidity and salinity guidelines only the cover soil of one dump was concerning and the larger dumps subsoil acidity and salinity were elevated. The following management strategies are proposed: a) The acidification potential, and therefore the pyrite content of the coal discard must be considered during decisions making on the rehabilitation method (clay barriers), topsoil depth, maintenance and mine closure potential. b) The occasional monitoring of the subsoil's and coal contact acidity is recommended, although not much can be done to stop acidification after cover-soil placement. c) To ensure a more sustained from of nitrogen supplementation over the long term the use of selected legumes should be investigated. Research in Europe and Australia suggested that nitrogen fixation could contribute substantially to the nitrogen for plant uptake. d) The physical properties of the topsoil (bulk density 8 soil compaction) are also being neglected and needs to be assessed occasionally and interpreted together with chemical analyses. Observations in other studies indicate that this could be the most fundamental problem for vegetation growth and not necessarily soil fertility, since soil physical properties could have a major impact on root development. Key words: Coal discard, mine rehabilitation, soil fertility, topsoil degradation, salinisation, and acidification / Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Submitted by JOÃO ANDRÉ DO AMARAL null (champignom2000@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T20:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Corrigida1.3.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-30T20:01:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ja_me_ilha.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T20:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_ja_me_ilha.pdf: 8641211 bytes, checksum: 179938942aaaf6301236254125d6ed40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Gramados são parte fundamental na composição de campos esportivos. Alguns aspectos devem ser levados em consideração no processo de escolha da espécie a ser utilizada, como a utilização do gramado (tolerância ao pisoteio), manejo do gramado, condições físico-químicas do solo e tolerância ao sombreamento. Com a realização de eventos esportivos no país, houve a necessidade de reformas e modernizações das arenas de futebol; dentre as alterações na arquitetura está a implantação de coberturas nos estádios, o que resultou em uma redução da luminosidade, afetando o desenvolvimento normal do gramado. Objetivou-se com o experimento avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentessubstratos no desenvolvimento de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). Foi conduzido no Campus II - UNESP, de Ilha Solteira – SP, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em 4 condições de luminosidade (pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 80%), durante os meses de março a outubro de 2014. Foram avaliados: altura, massa fresca e massa seca das aparas da grama, teor de clorofila e radiação solar. Concluiu-se que: o sombreamento interferiu no pleno desempenho da grama bermuda, sendo que esta tolera sombreamento intermediário (30% e 50%), e os substratos que contém maiores teores de matéria orgânica submetidos ao sombreamento tiveram o desempenho prejudicado. / Lawn is the main part of sports fields and landscaping projects, it is difficult to find a landscaping project on which the lawn is not present. Some aspects must be considered when choosing the species or cultivar, as tolerance to treading, need for irrigation, the soil physic and chemical conditions and shade tolerance. Due to the realization of the sports events in the following years, there was a need for reforms and modernization of football arenas; among the architectural changes is the implantation of roof on the arenas, resulting in a reduction in light, affecting the normal development of lawn. The aim of the presentstudy wasto evaluate the light and differentsubstrates influence in the development of Bermudagrass. The study has been conducted in Campus II - UNESP Campus of Ilha Solteira - SP, in a factorial design 5x4 (substrates x light), in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments: substrates - S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = Organic matter + sand (3:1), in 4 lighting conditions (full sun, 30%, 50%, 80%), during the months of March to October 2014. It has been evaluated: shoot height, shoot fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll content in the leaves, solar. Conclusion: shade interfered in the full performance of bermudagrass, the grass tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%) and the substrates that has most quantities of organic matter in its composition and submitted to shade had the damaged performance.

?rea de concentra??o: Conserva??o e restaura??o de ecossistemas Florestais. / Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-04-17T17:26:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 nathalia_ferreira_silva.pdf: 4169237 bytes, checksum: c6d7470e58519cac4aee54e86bafef01 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-04-17T17:28:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 nathalia_ferreira_silva.pdf: 4169237 bytes, checksum: c6d7470e58519cac4aee54e86bafef01 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T17:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 nathalia_ferreira_silva.pdf: 4169237 bytes, checksum: c6d7470e58519cac4aee54e86bafef01 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) / Secretaria de Estado de Ci?ncia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (SECTES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes t?cnicas para recupera??o de uma cascalheira, visando gerar conhecimentos para subsidiar a recupera??o de ecossistemas degradados. A disserta??o foi estruturada em quatro cap?tulos (artigos). Os dois primeiros artigos se referem ? t?cnica de resgate de pl?ntulas visando ? produ??o de mudas para a restaura??o de ecossistemas degradados. Os experimentos de peroba (Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon) e arnica (Lychnophora pohlii) foram instalados no Centro Integrado de Propaga??o de Esp?cies Florestais ? CIPEF do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal da UFVJM, em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Foram resgatadas 240 pl?ntulas de cada esp?cie, as quais foram divididas em duas classes de altura (peroba: Classe I ? 5 a 15 cm e Classe II ? 20 a 35 e arnica: Classe I ? 2,5 a 20 cm e Classe II ? 25 a 55 cm) e submetidas a tr?s intensidades de redu??o foliar (0%, 50% e 100%). Foi verificado que para mudas de peroba ? aconselh?vel resgatar ambas as classes de altura, enquanto para a arnica o tamanho entre 2,5 e 20 cm ? o mais adequado. Os resultados evidenciaram que n?o ? necess?ria a redu??o foliar. No artigo 3 foi avaliado o potencial da candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) na recupera??o de uma cascalheira, onde foi instalado um experimento de plantio de mudas com seis densidades (T1=1.667, T2=2.000, T3=2.500, T4=3.333, T5=5.000 e T6=10.000 plantas por hectare). Trimestralmente foram avaliados a altura total das plantas, o di?metro do colo, a cobertura de copa e a sobreviv?ncia, at? 12 meses ap?s a primeira avalia??o, que foi realizada em julho de 2010. Verificou-se que os tratamentos mais adensados, T5 e T6 foram os que apresentaram maior sobreviv?ncia, apesar da n?o diferen?a estat?stica entre os tratamentos avaliados para os atributos altura, di?metro e cobertura de copa. Assim, pode-se concluir que a candeia ? uma esp?cie com alto potencial ecol?gico para o uso em programas de recupera??o de ?rea degradadas em ecossistemas cong?neres ao estudado. No artigo 4 foi testado o potencial de uso do topsoil na recupera??o de uma cascalheira. Foram selecionados quatro ambientes onde o topsoil foi depositado em pilhas e espalhado em camadas de cerca de 20 cm. Seis meses ap?s a transposi??o do solo, foram realizados os levantamentos flor?stico e fitossociol?gicos na ?rea, nos meses de setembro de 2010, fevereiro de 2011 e setembro de 2011, al?m da avalia??o da porcentagem de cobertura de plantas pelo m?todo de Braun-Blanquet, nos meses de julho de 2010 e 2011. Foram registradas no total 55 esp?cies, pertencentes a 15 fam?lias. As fam?lias com maior representatividade foram Asteraceae (12), Poaceae (11) e Malvaceae (8). O grau de cobertura do solo foi de 66% e 82% na primeira e segunda avalia??o respectivamente, no qual verificou-se o r?pido recobrimento dos solos da cascalheira, evidenciando o grande potencial do uso do topsoil na recomposi??o da cobertura do solo, por?m, esse recurso s? deve ser usado quando a ?rea doadora n?o apresentar esp?cies invasoras. / ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate different techniques to recover from a gravel pit in order to generate knowledge to support the recovery of degraded ecosystems. The dissertation is structured in four chapters (articles). The first two articles refer to the technical rescue seedlings aiming the production of seedlings for the restoration of degraded cosystems. The experiments of peroba (Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon) and arnica (Lychnophora pohlii) were installed in the Integrated Forest Species Propagation - CIPEF Department of Forest Engineering UFVJM in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. We rescued 240 seedlings of each species, which were divided into two height classes (peroba: Class I - 5 to 15 cm and Class II - 20 to 35 and arnica: Class I - 2.5 to 20 cm and Class II - 25-55 cm) and subjected to three levels of reduction leaf (0%, 50% and 100%). It was found that for seedlings peroba is advisable to recover both the classes high, while for arnica size between 2.5 and 20 cm is optimal. The results showed that it is necessary to reduce leaf. Article 3 was evaluated the potential of the lamp (Eremanthus erythropappus) to recover from a gravel pit, where he was an experiment of planting seedlings with six densities (T1 = 1667, T2 = 2000, T3 = 2500, 3333 = T4, T5 = T6 = 5,000 and 10,000 plants per hectare). Quarterly evaluated the overall height of the plants, stem diameter, canopy cover and survival until 12 months after the first evaluation, which was held in July 2010. It was found that the more dense treatments, T5 and T6 were those with longer survival, although no statistical difference among the treatments for the attributes height, diameter and canopy. Thus, it can be concluded that the lamp is a species with high ecological potential for use in the restoration of damaged area similar to the ecosystems studied. Article 4 tested the potential use of topsoil in the recovery of a gravel pit. We selected four environments where the topsoil has been deposited in piles and spread in layers about 20 cm. Six months after the implementation of the soil, were conducted floristic and phytosociological surveys in the area, in September 2010, February 2011 and September 2011, and by evaluating the percentage of plant cover by the method of Braun-Blanquet, in July 2010 and 2011. We recorded a total of 55 species belonging to 15 families. The families were Asteraceae with the largest representation (12), Poaceae (11) and Malvaceae (8). The degree of soil cover was 66% and 82% in the first and second evaluation respectively, in which there was rapid coating of gravel soils of showing the great potential of use of topsoil in the rebuilding of ground cover, but this feature should only be used when the donor does not have invasive species. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-12-15T11:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3150680 bytes, checksum: 1e0d6e7771dc042eceefc4e5a36e9144 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T11:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3150680 bytes, checksum: 1e0d6e7771dc042eceefc4e5a36e9144 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o potencial do banco de sementes do solo em um ambiente controlado e sua posterior transposição no campo, bem como avaliar a influência das exposições Norte e Sul no desenvolvimento das plântulas no campo em cinco tratamentos de serapilheira e topsoil. Os tratamentos estabelecidos foram: Controle, sem material (CTR); serapilheira (SER); topsoil (TOP); topsoil coberto com serapilheira (ORG); e a serapilheira misturada com topsoil (MIS). As amostras do banco de sementes (topsoil + serapilheira) foram coletadas de um remanescente florestal do Parque Nacional Serra do Itajaí - SC e levadas ao ambiente controlado (casa de vegetação) por 51 dias e mais 28 dias de rustificação. Posteriormente o material foi transposto em uma área de pastagem. Para o ambiente controlado e campo, foram quantificados o número de plântulas das espécies arbóreas e arbustivas, e submetidos a Análise de Coordenada Principal (PCoA). Verificou-se semelhanças quanto à composição e densidade de espécies entre os tratamentos, evidenciando que manter o banco de sementes para germinação em ambiente controlado é viável, visto as condições ótimas que potencializaram a germinação (temperatura e umidade) e a manutenção da semelhança florística quando transposto o material para o campo. Para a influência da exposição Norte e Sul no desenvolvimento e germinação de plântulas do banco de sementes, foram testados 5 tratamentos diferentes em 50 módulos para cada face na pastagem, com 10 repetições para cada tratamento. A comparação entre o número de espécies, número de indivíduos, diâmetro médio e altura média nas exposições Norte e Sul, através do teste F seguido do teste T2 de Hotelling, foi significativo em alguns tratamentos, evidenciando que a área está em constante mudança. No entanto, ao comparar os parâmetros com as faces, pela análise multivariada de variância (Permanova), todos os tratamentos apresentaram diferenças significativas. A orientação sul favoreceu o surgimento e o desenvolvimento das plântulas quando comparadas à exposição no norte. As espécies Cecropia glaziovii, Solanum mauritianum, Trema micrantha e Alchornea triplinervia obtiveram maior número de indivíduos no banco de sementes. / The objective of this work was to verify the potential of the soil seed bank in a controlled environment, and its subsequent transposition in the field, as well as to evaluate the influence of the North and South exposures on the development of field seedlings in five treatments of leaflitter and topsoil. The treatments established were: Control, no material (CTR); leaflitter (SER); topsoil (TOP); topsoil covered with leaflitter (ORG); topsoil mixed with leaflitter (MIS). Seed bank samples (topsoil + leaflitter) were collected from forest remnants of Serra do Itajaí National Park - SC and taken to the controlled environment (greenhouse) for 51 days, and another 28 days of rustification. Then, this material was located into a degraded pasture area. For the controlled environment and field, the number of seedlings of the tree and shrub species that emerged were quantified and by the submition to a Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), similarities were verified regarding the composition and density of the species between the treatments evidencing that maintaining the seed bank for pre-germination in a controlled environment is feasible, considering the optimal conditions that potentiate germination (temperature and humidity) and the maintenance of the floristic similarity when the material was transposed to the field. In order to investigate the influence of soil exposure on the North and South faces in the development and germination of seedlings from the seed bank, 5 different treatments were tested in 50 modules for each face in the pasture, with 10 replicates for each treatment. The comparison between the numbers of species, number of individuals, mean diameter and mean height in North and South exposures, through the F test followed by Hotelling's T2 test, produced significance in some treatments evidencing that the area is constantly changing. However, when comparing the parameters with the faces, by the multivariate analysis of variance (Permanova), all treatments presented significant differences. The southern orientation favored the emergence and development of the seedlings when compared to the northern exposure. The species Cecropia glaziovii, Solanum mauritianum, Trema micrantha and Alchornea triplinervia obtained a larger number of individuals in the seed bank.

Orientador: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Resumo: Gramados são parte fundamental na composição de campos esportivos. Alguns aspectos devem ser levados em consideração no processo de escolha da espécie a ser utilizada, como a utilização do gramado (tolerância ao pisoteio), manejo do gramado, condições físico-químicas do solo e tolerância ao sombreamento. Com a realização de eventos esportivos no país, houve a necessidade de reformas e modernizações das arenas de futebol; dentre as alterações na arquitetura está a implantação de coberturas nos estádios, o que resultou em uma redução da luminosidade, afetando o desenvolvimento normal do gramado. Objetivou-se com o experimento avaliar a influência da luminosidade e de diferentessubstratos no desenvolvimento de grama bermuda (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis). Foi conduzido no Campus II - UNESP, de Ilha Solteira – SP, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x luminosidades), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 20 tratamentos e 3 repetições. Os substratos foram: S1 = Solo, S2 = Solo + areia (2:1), S3 = Solo + matéria orgânica (1:1), S4 = Solo + matéria orgânica + areia (2:1:1) e S5 = Matéria orgânica + areia (3:1), em 4 condições de luminosidade (pleno sol, 30%, 50%, 80%), durante os meses de março a outubro de 2014. Foram avaliados: altura, massa fresca e massa seca das aparas da grama, teor de clorofila e radiação solar. Concluiu-se que: o sombreamento interferiu no pleno desempenho da grama bermuda, sendo que esta tolera sombreamento intermediário (30% e 50%), e os s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Lawn is the main part of sports fields and landscaping projects, it is difficult to find a landscaping project on which the lawn is not present. Some aspects must be considered when choosing the species or cultivar, as tolerance to treading, need for irrigation, the soil physic and chemical conditions and shade tolerance. Due to the realization of the sports events in the following years, there was a need for reforms and modernization of football arenas; among the architectural changes is the implantation of roof on the arenas, resulting in a reduction in light, affecting the normal development of lawn. The aim of the presentstudy wasto evaluate the light and differentsubstrates influence in the development of Bermudagrass. The study has been conducted in Campus II - UNESP Campus of Ilha Solteira - SP, in a factorial design 5x4 (substrates x light), in a completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments: substrates - S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = Organic matter + sand (3:1), in 4 lighting conditions (full sun, 30%, 50%, 80%), during the months of March to October 2014. It has been evaluated: shoot height, shoot fresh and dry matter, chlorophyll content in the leaves, solar. Conclusion: shade interfered in the full performance of bermudagrass, the grass tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%) and the substrates that has most quantities of organic matte... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A mineração é uma das atividades antrópicas mais impactantes aos recursos naturais, e que pode afetar profundamente a resiliência dos ecossistemas em função do elevado nível de degradação do solo e da paisagem. Diante disso, muitas áreas mineradas não são efetivamente recuperadas a ponto de restabelecer parte relevante da biodiversidade e dos serviços ambientais perdidos com a mineração. No entanto, novos métodos de restauração ecológica têm gerados resultados promissores mesmo em situações de degradação tão intensa como as de mineração, o que permitiria rever os níveis mínimos de qualidade ambiental exigidos de áreas que foram mineradas e que precisam passar por um processo de recuperação como forma de mitigação dos impactos causados e cumprimento de demandas legais de compensação ambiental. Assim, o objetivo geral desse estudo é avaliar a recuperação física, química e microbiológica do solo em áreas de mineração de bauxita em processo de recuperação ambiental. Avaliamos inicialmente a restauração do solo em minas de bauxita localizadas em Poços de Caldas-MG, tendo como objetivo contextualizar a melhoria do solo através de vários parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos em áreas recém-mineradas, em restauração de diferentes idades e remanescentes de floresta nativa. Encontramos que a restauração florestal foi eficiente em desencadear um processo de recuperação do solo, que resultou no restabelecimento, em poucos anos, de características químicas, físicas e microbiológicas já bem similares às do ecossistema de referência. Em seguida, avaliamos a recuperação dos teores de fósforo no solo pela restauração de florestas tropicais em minas de bauxita, e obtivemos como principais resultados a recuperação de importantes frações de P no solo, parte relevante da produção de serapilheira e da estrutura da floresta ao longo da trajetória sucessional nas jovens áreas restauradas após a mineração. A restauração ecológica mostrou-se capaz de restaurar rapidamente importantes atributos do solo, evidenciando o potencial da abordagem de restauração ecológica para mitigar os impactos ambientais negativos da mineração. Dessa maneira, destaca-se que políticas públicas voltadas para a mitigação de danos ambientais causados pela mineração podem exigir níveis mais elevados de qualidade ambiental em áreas de recuperação de minas, protegendo os interesses coletivos envolvidos na mediação de interesses entre empresas e sociedade. / Mining is one of the human activities with the highest impact in natural resources. It can profoundly affect the resilience of ecosystems due to the high level of soil degradation and landscape alteration. Thus, many mined areas are not effectively recovered enough to restore important part of biodiversity and ecosystem services lost. However, new ecological restoration methods showed promising results even in such intense degradation situations such as mining. Thus, it is needed to review the minimum levels of environmental quality required for areas that have been mined and need to recovered to mitigate the impacts and compliance with legal demands of environmental compensation. Thus, the general objective of this study is to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological soil in bauxite mining areas under ecological restoration. We initially evaluated soil restoration in bauxite mines located in the county of \"Poços de Caldas\", aiming to contextualize soil improvement through various chemical, physical and microbiological parameters in newly mined areas, restoration of different ages and remaining native forest. We found that forest restoration was effective in triggering a soil recovery process, which resulted in the recuperation, in a few years, of the chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics already very similar values to the references. We then evaluated the recovery of soil phosphorus for the restoration of tropical forests in bauxite mines, and obtained as main results the recovery of important fractions of soil P, litter production and forest structure along the successional trajectory in young restored areas after mining. Ecological restoration proved to be able to quickly restore important soil properties, showing the potential of ecological restoration approach to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of mining. Thus, it is emphasized that public policies to mitigate environmental damage caused by mining may require higher levels of environmental quality in mining recovery areas, protecting the collective interests involved in the mediation of interests between business and society.