本研究以旅遊地生命週期理論為基礎，發展出四個階段的旅遊社區發展模式，釐清社區旅遊發展中各階段的特色，並且找出階段轉換之間的重要里程碑。除了階段特色外，在各個發展時期中，也進一步探討社區發展與其利益關係人所扮演的角色與給予的資源支持。希望旅遊社區發展模式的提出，能夠作為台灣地區未來社區進行觀光旅遊發展時的參考，幫助社區進行管理決策。 本研究以新社、九份及白米地區作為個案研究對象，並且透過文獻探討、次級資料的蒐集與訪談，進一步了解個案地區目前發展情形與發展各階段的重大事件，作為旅遊社區發展模式修正與改進之依據。 本研究共有五項發現，第一，整理並歸納出社區發展的四階段的各階段特色與階段轉換的重要里程碑，第二，以此四階段為劃分依據，探討各階段利益關係人角色與態度之轉變，第三，當社區處於鞏固期或衰退期，在特定條件下，外來的負面影響能促使社區進入再生期，第四，具有觀光吸引力的社區，才得以發展社區旅遊，第五，社區自治團體在社區發展中扮演著相當重要的角色，社區自治團體能幫助社區更成功發展旅遊產業。基於以上資料分析，本研究同時對個案社區、欲發展旅遊產業的社區及未來研究提供相關建議，期望提供未來研究者進一步的參考。 / This study derived a tourism community development model based on the theory of tourism area life cycle. Four stages of the model and their corresponding features were identified. In addition, tis study has found the milestones of transferring between stages and explored the roles and contributions of stakeholders to the community development. This model is expected to provide advices and references for the decision making of community management. Three communities, Shin-she, Jiou-fen and Bai-mi communities were selected as the research targets, and several techniques were applied to conduct the study including literature review secondary data collection, and in-depth interviews. As a result, several important findings were recorded. First, four stages of the development of tourism community with specific features for each stage were identified, and the milestones transferring from one stage to the next stage were defined. Second, the roles of the stakeholders at each stage were recognized and their changing attitudes among different stage were discussed. Third, under specific conditions, the negative effect (e. g., war, disease and natural disasters) will force a community to enter the rejuvenation stage from consolidation or decline stages. Fourth, only the community with tourism attractions can become a successful tourism community. Fifth, the community autonomy organizations play a critical role in the successful development of tourism communities. Some managerial suggestions were provided to the three case communities and other communities which are planning to develop as tourism communities. Moreover, future research directions were proposed based on the findings in the study.

For more than a decade tourists originating in developed nations have been giving various gifts to locals of tourism communities in developing nations. This occurrence is commonly associated with the Caribbean, and is particularly well known to occur in Cuba. Tourism has often been adopted as a part of economic development strategies of developing nations, however due to a lack of studies on tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving it is unclear how the occurrence affects both human and economic development, and likewise its impacts such as possibilities of population disparity. There are current restrictions in Cuba which forbid locals from accepting the gifts of international tourists (Taylor & McGlynn 2009; Mesa-Lago 2005), however the island’s unique need for material goods seems to over-rule this policy. The implication herein indicates benefits to accepting gifts from tourists. Tourism employees most frequently come in contact with tourists and the potential of gift receipts by tourism employees is heightened. This in turn carries implications of social disparities amongst the population resulting from unequal gift receipts by tourism employees. Furthermore, current research suggests that complex social relationships are created through gift-giving yet little is understood within the context of tourist-to-local community member. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether international tourist philanthropic gift-giving contributes to social disparity within a local community as well as its affects on human and economic development. This has been achieved through case study research from a mixed-methods approach in Trinidad, Sancti Spirtus, Cuba. The results of this research point to significant economic gains and improvement in access-to-material-goods through tourists’ gift-giving, which in turn have been found to contribute to economic development. However, the external nature of tourists’ gift-giving limits using the phenomenon as a reliable tool for economic development. Impacts on human development are not as clearly defined. Although tourists’ gift-giving contributes to some aspects of human development, the phenomenon cannot be considered to contribute to overall human development. Although population disparity was found to be an impact of tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving, community members viewed the occurrence as a positive benefit of tourism. The policy in Cuba restricting locals from accepting tourists’ gifts has been largely ineffective as this type of economic gain was found to be well integrated in the informal economy. The general public is largely unaware of the policy and it is likely Cubans will continue to accept tourists’ gifts. Although this research has revealed interesting insight regarding tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving much remains to be known of its impacts and several recommendations for future studies are suggested.

For more than a decade tourists originating in developed nations have been giving various gifts to locals of tourism communities in developing nations. This occurrence is commonly associated with the Caribbean, and is particularly well known to occur in Cuba. Tourism has often been adopted as a part of economic development strategies of developing nations, however due to a lack of studies on tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving it is unclear how the occurrence affects both human and economic development, and likewise its impacts such as possibilities of population disparity. There are current restrictions in Cuba which forbid locals from accepting the gifts of international tourists (Taylor & McGlynn 2009; Mesa-Lago 2005), however the island’s unique need for material goods seems to over-rule this policy. The implication herein indicates benefits to accepting gifts from tourists. Tourism employees most frequently come in contact with tourists and the potential of gift receipts by tourism employees is heightened. This in turn carries implications of social disparities amongst the population resulting from unequal gift receipts by tourism employees. Furthermore, current research suggests that complex social relationships are created through gift-giving yet little is understood within the context of tourist-to-local community member. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether international tourist philanthropic gift-giving contributes to social disparity within a local community as well as its affects on human and economic development. This has been achieved through case study research from a mixed-methods approach in Trinidad, Sancti Spirtus, Cuba. The results of this research point to significant economic gains and improvement in access-to-material-goods through tourists’ gift-giving, which in turn have been found to contribute to economic development. However, the external nature of tourists’ gift-giving limits using the phenomenon as a reliable tool for economic development. Impacts on human development are not as clearly defined. Although tourists’ gift-giving contributes to some aspects of human development, the phenomenon cannot be considered to contribute to overall human development. Although population disparity was found to be an impact of tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving, community members viewed the occurrence as a positive benefit of tourism. The policy in Cuba restricting locals from accepting tourists’ gifts has been largely ineffective as this type of economic gain was found to be well integrated in the informal economy. The general public is largely unaware of the policy and it is likely Cubans will continue to accept tourists’ gifts. Although this research has revealed interesting insight regarding tourists’ philanthropic gift-giving much remains to be known of its impacts and several recommendations for future studies are suggested.

Eventos especiais têm um papel importante dentro da administração e do marketing de lugares, mas para obter o máximo retorno de tais festividades, seja em termos econômicos ou sociais, é preciso gerenciá-las com o conhecimento de seus impactos. O presente trabalho replica, com algumas modificações, o estudo de Gursoy, Kim e Uysal (2004), adaptando para o cenário brasileiro a escala para medir os impactos causados na comunidade, por festas populares, de acordo com a opinião dos envolvidos. A pesquisa aqui descrita, realizada em quatro eventos distintos no Rio Grande do Sul, envolveu um total de 1093 respondentes e seus resultados permitiram validar a escala adaptada para o Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que foram identificados três tipos de impactos gerados pelas festas populares: os Benefícios Socioeconômicos, os Benefícios Socioculturais e os Custos Sociais. / Festivals and special events have an important role in the segments of marketing and management of locals. However, to achieve the maximal economical and social return from such events, it is necessary to manage them taking in consideration their impacts on society. This study is a replication, with some changes, about the study carried out by Gursoy, Kim and Uysal (2004), bringing into Brazilian reality the scale to measure the perceived impacts of special events on community, according to the stakeholders. The survey was realized in four different events in Rio Grande do Sul, with a total of 1093 interviewed people and the results allowed the validation of the adapted scale for Brazil. The study could also identify three groups of different impacts of festivals on communities: socialeconomical benefits, social-cultural benefits and social costs.

Eventos especiais têm um papel importante dentro da administração e do marketing de lugares, mas para obter o máximo retorno de tais festividades, seja em termos econômicos ou sociais, é preciso gerenciá-las com o conhecimento de seus impactos. O presente trabalho replica, com algumas modificações, o estudo de Gursoy, Kim e Uysal (2004), adaptando para o cenário brasileiro a escala para medir os impactos causados na comunidade, por festas populares, de acordo com a opinião dos envolvidos. A pesquisa aqui descrita, realizada em quatro eventos distintos no Rio Grande do Sul, envolveu um total de 1093 respondentes e seus resultados permitiram validar a escala adaptada para o Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que foram identificados três tipos de impactos gerados pelas festas populares: os Benefícios Socioeconômicos, os Benefícios Socioculturais e os Custos Sociais. / Festivals and special events have an important role in the segments of marketing and management of locals. However, to achieve the maximal economical and social return from such events, it is necessary to manage them taking in consideration their impacts on society. This study is a replication, with some changes, about the study carried out by Gursoy, Kim and Uysal (2004), bringing into Brazilian reality the scale to measure the perceived impacts of special events on community, according to the stakeholders. The survey was realized in four different events in Rio Grande do Sul, with a total of 1093 interviewed people and the results allowed the validation of the adapted scale for Brazil. The study could also identify three groups of different impacts of festivals on communities: socialeconomical benefits, social-cultural benefits and social costs.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse commercial servises in the area Zlatý vrch and suggest the possible solutions of their develepment. The literary part, in which the basic terms of the topic are characterized, was written first. These terms are then used in the practical part. Subsequently, the situation analysis, where the whole territory is mapped, was worked out. Futhermore, the survey of the businesmen and also interwiews with the mayors of each municipality were carried out. SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was prepared on the basis of these analyses. At the end, I proposed my own suggestions for the expansion of commercial services, which arise from the three main priorities: turism, business and environment.

The work focuses on the analysis of EU funds. Described is also the general functioning of the European community in terms of politics, economics, geographical kontext, regional policy and economics and social cohesion. Subsequently, the theoretical part of the work is devoted to tourism and choosing suitable program for derive financial resources for tourism development. The aim of this work is to draft a specific project based on information obstained from the analysis of the Rural Development Program in the Czech republic. Another objective is to assess the effects and benefits resulting from the project. The project proposal is developed in the practical part of the thesis. Finances are drawn from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) through the Rural Development Program (RDP). The entire project is analyzed and evaluated in particular in economic and financial terms. Social and development aspect, creating new jobs and the overall of the project are evaluated too.

Eventos especiais têm um papel importante dentro da administração e do marketing de lugares, mas para obter o máximo retorno de tais festividades, seja em termos econômicos ou sociais, é preciso gerenciá-las com o conhecimento de seus impactos. O presente trabalho replica, com algumas modificações, o estudo de Gursoy, Kim e Uysal (2004), adaptando para o cenário brasileiro a escala para medir os impactos causados na comunidade, por festas populares, de acordo com a opinião dos envolvidos. A pesquisa aqui descrita, realizada em quatro eventos distintos no Rio Grande do Sul, envolveu um total de 1093 respondentes e seus resultados permitiram validar a escala adaptada para o Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que foram identificados três tipos de impactos gerados pelas festas populares: os Benefícios Socioeconômicos, os Benefícios Socioculturais e os Custos Sociais. / Festivals and special events have an important role in the segments of marketing and management of locals. However, to achieve the maximal economical and social return from such events, it is necessary to manage them taking in consideration their impacts on society. This study is a replication, with some changes, about the study carried out by Gursoy, Kim and Uysal (2004), bringing into Brazilian reality the scale to measure the perceived impacts of special events on community, according to the stakeholders. The survey was realized in four different events in Rio Grande do Sul, with a total of 1093 interviewed people and the results allowed the validation of the adapted scale for Brazil. The study could also identify three groups of different impacts of festivals on communities: socialeconomical benefits, social-cultural benefits and social costs.

This Diploma thesis focuses on sustainable forms of tourism. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the support of its development and to assess whether this support is sufficient. The first chapter theoretically defines these forms of tourism and the support of its development mentioned in legislative documents and strategic development plans. The second chapter is devoted to organizational and institutional support. The third chapter concentrates on certifications that lead to increasing market transparency, and ecolabelling, contributing to sustainable development, is also mentioned. The final chapter lists several programmes from which municipalities and entrepreneurs can draw financial means for their development. There are also results of the questionnaire research about supporting the development of sustainable forms of tourism. The respondents were from both the public and private sectors. In the end, there are proposals of appropriate measures to enhance promotion of sustainable tourism.

This diploma thesis addresses the phenomenon of volunteerism in the form of teaching English in the so-called developing countries. The focus is especially on its direct form, without the mediation of any third party, where people from the Global North arrange their volunteer stays directly with the people from the Global South whom they then visit and teach English as volunteers. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether this form of volunteerism is beneficial and if so then who benefits from it to what extent and in what way. My research provides a critical analysis of this phenomenon through a review of literature concerned with the broader context of this topic and qualitative research which consists of two parts. First, I have conducted field research in Ecuador where I have taught English as a volunteer in a local school. Then I have conducted semi-structured interviews with volunteers from the Global North who had participated in similar volunteer stays in the Global South. Through this research, I have come to the conclusion that the described form of volunteerism can be very beneficial for all its participants if it is well established. However, its main benefit lies not in the improvement of the level of local English but in its potential of supporting intercultural...