Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T14:21:17Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T14:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T14:21:17Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T14:21:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Compostos farmacêuticos são identificados em matrizes ambientais em ordens de grandeza de ng.L-1 a μg.L-1. Dentre os fármacos, os antibióticos têm recebido atenção especial devido aos problemas que podem causar à biota aquática. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio isolados e em associação para mexilhões Perna perna utilizando o ensaio do tempo de retenção do corante vermelho neutro, que avalia a estabilidade da membrana lisossômica de hemócitos dos organismos teste. A Amoxicilina causou citotoxicidade aos mexilhões nas concentrações de: CEO: 1 ng.L-1, CI25-24h: 0,44 ng.L-1, CI25-48h: 1,19 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 0,85 ng.L-1, o Clavulanato de Potássio foi citotóxico nas concentrações de: 10 ng.L-1 em 24h e 50 ng.L-1 e 100 ng.L-1 em 48h e 72h. Os valores de concentração inibitória foram de CI25-24h: 3,11 ng.L-1, CI25-48h: 3,45 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 3,43 ng.L-1. No ensaio realizado com a associação dos fármacos todas as concentrações foram citotóxicas aos mexilhões em 48h e em 72h apenas 40 ng.L-1 de Amoxicilina + 10 ng.L-1 de Clavulanato de Potássio e 200 ng.L-1 de Amoxicilina + 50 ng.L-1 de Clavulanato de Potássio. As concentrações inibitórias foram: CI25-48h: 1,67 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 1,36 ng.L-1 a partir dos dados de Amoxicilina e CI25-48h: 0,42 ng.L-1 e CI25-72h: 0,34 ng.L-1 a partir dos dados de Clavulanato de Potássio. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

A avaliação ecotoxicológica dos sedimentos dos reservatórios de Barra Bonita e Salto Grande foi realizada através de testes de toxicidade aguda e crônica com o sedimento total e o solubilizado, com os organismos-teste Chironomus xanthus, Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Vibrio fisheri e Spirillum volutans, além de análises físicas (pH, EH e \'O IND.2\') e químicas (fósforo, nitrogênio, carbono orgânico total, sulfetos e amônia e metais potencialmente disponíveis). A concentrações médias de matéria orgânica e fósforo obtidas para os sedimentos dos reservatórios de Barra Bonita e Salto Grande foram elevadas, e condizentes com a carga de matéria orgânica e com as baixas concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e de potencial redox. Em relação aos metais, os resultados revelaram que, para o reservatório de Barra Bonita, eles podem estar influenciando a toxicidade detectada através dos testes de toxicidade. Em Salto Grande, os resultados indicaram que os sulfetos estão atuando como fase controladora dos metais, mantendo-os indisponíveis nos sedimentos. Para esse reservatório a principal causa da toxicidade foi a acidez. O estudo de Avaliação e Identificação da Toxicidade realizado com as amostras de sedimento dos reservatórios de Barra Bonita, Salto Grande e Rasgão mostrou que os possíveis compostos tóxicos responsáveis pela toxicidade são metais (Barra Bonita); amônia (Salto Grande e Rasgão); compostos ácidos voláteis e compostos orgânicos não iônicos (Rasgão). O tratamento com a resina zeolita foi eficiente na remoção da amônia e redução da toxicidade do sedimento do reservatório de Rasgão, confirmando dessa forma, a amônia como o principal composto tóxico. O estudo de Avaliação e Identificação da Toxicidade deve ser incorporado nos programas de controle, monitoramento e gestão dos recursos hídricos, devido a importância da identificação dos compostos responsáveis pela toxicidade. / An ecotoxicological evaluation of the sediments of Barra Bonita and Salto Grande reservoirs was performed by carrying out acute and chronic toxicity tests with both the total sediment and elutriate using Chironomus xanthus, Daphnia similis, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Vibrio fisheri and Spirillum volutans as test-organisms, as well as physical (pH, EH e \'O IND.2\') and chemical analysis (phosphorus, nitrogen, total organic carbon, sulphide, ammonium and potentially available metals). The mean concentrations of organic matter and phosphorus obtained for the sediments of Barra Bonita and Salto Grande reservoirs were high and in agreement with the organic matter loading, low dissolved oxygen concentrations and redox potential. In relation to metals, the results revealed that in Barra Bonita reservoir they might be responsible for the toxicity detected. For Salto Grande, the results indicated that sulphides act as metal controlling phase keeping them unavailable in the sediments. The main cause of the toxicity in this reservoir was acidity. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) carried out with the sediments of Barra Bonita, Salto Grande and Rasgão have shown that the probable toxic compounds responsible for toxicity are metals (Barra Bonita); ammonium (Salto Grande and Rasgão); volatile acid compounds and non-ionic compounds (Rasgão). The treatment with zeolite was efficient in removing ammonium and reducing toxicity in the sediment of Rasgão reservoir, thus confirming ammonium as the main toxic compound. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation approach must be incorporated in the control, monitoring and management of water resources, due to the relevance of identifying the compounds responsible by the toxicity.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Abstract: It is very important for the whole society to pay attention to the health condition of small children. The thesis is focused on a possible effect of chemical and toxic substances which may endanger child{\crq}s health every day. In every house with children there are many types of food, products, medicine, or also plants which can endanger children. According to the research (e.g. with milk, vitamin A or paracethamol) there are provable food items unsuitable for children in many cases. Also house plants or bushes commonly grown at home or at yards in pre-schools may also be a cause of health problems of small children. Another important aspect, which is often neglected by parents, is a material that the toys are made of. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the research which was carried out at the territory of Karviná region in 19 pre-schools (PS). There were two files of entities designed for the needs of the thesis. In one file there are 87 pedagogical workers who are employed in pre-schools. The second file covers 155 parents whose children attend randomly selected pre-schools. Both parents and pedagogical workers were asked similar questions in the form of questionnaire, which are related to the information from the area of civilian protection. The main topic here was the danger of hazardous chemical substances release. These questions were to test theoretical competence of adults to react in proper way in such cases, immediately and correctly, thus protecting themselves and children mainly. The conclusion with both groups is that the knowledge from the area of civilian protection is insufficient. Most of the respondents (67 % of teachers and 57 % of parents) would not react in a correct way. Only a very little part of the questioned persons was able to name some of the tools of the individual protection. These outcomes were then handed to the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Moravian-Silesian Region, and they will be used as support material for making changes in the system of information for citizens, and especially pedagogy workers in the area of civilian protection. One of the possible benefits of this thesis is also a creation of an education aid for the officers in duty with handicapped citizens.

Konstgräsplaner kan beaktas som en betydande utsläppskälla av mikroplaster. Fyllnadsmaterialet som används på konstgräsplaner kallas granulat och går under definitionen mikroplast. De som används främst på den svenska marknaden är SBR, TPE, EPDM och R-EPDM. Granulatet sprids främst via dagvattnet från konstgräsplaner som då riskerar att hamna i närliggande vattendrag. Tidigare studier har påvisat att granulatet kan urlaka toxiska ämnen som riskerar att förorena vattendragen. Vattenlevande organismer kan misstolka små partiklar som föda, vilket kan ge konsekvenser som bland annat förstoppning och svält. Ämnena som kan urlaka tillhör samlingsnamnet miljögifter och är stabila, toxiska, reproduktionsstörande och ackumulerande. Syftet med denna studie är att ge en beskrivning av vilka fyllnadsmaterial som används på konstgräsplaner i Gävle och undersöka hur dessa partiklar kan spridas samt identifiera åtgärdsförslag för att minska spridningen. Syftet är också att redovisa konstgräsplanernas dagvattenutlopp och vattendragens status för att redogöra för den potentiella miljöpåverkan som granulatet kan ge upphov till. Metoderna som använts i arbetet är litteraturstudie, personlig kommunikation, fältobservationer, kartsystem och figurer samt vattenprov.   Gavlefastigheter äger fem konstgräsplaner i Gävle kommun, vilka är Träffen IP, Gavlevallen, Nynäs IP, Sörby IP och Andersberg. På dessa planer används SBR- TPE- och R-EPDM-granulat. På planområdet förekommer dagvattenbrunnar och granulatet kan spridas till dessa genom ytavrinning vid höga regnflöden, snöplogning och smältvatten samt att spelarna får med sig partiklarna från planen. De flesta planer har dräneringssystem kopplat till dagvattenledningar som kan sprida urlakande ämnen till vattendrag. Dagvattenledningarna har utlopp i Testeboån, Bäckebrobäcken, Gavleån och Hemlingbybäcken. Granulatets fysikaliska egenskaper är en betydande roll om partikeln sedimenterar till botten eller om den kan transporteras med vattendraget. De konstgräsplaner som främst är i behov av åtgärder för att minska spridningen av granulat är Sörby, Anderberg och Nynäs.   Vattendragens statusklassning uppnår ej god kemisk status och ämnen som förekommer i förhöjda halter varierar beroende på vattendrag. Enligt tidigare studier kan flera av dessa ämnen urlaka från granulatet, vilket innebär att det finns en risk för ett tillskott av dessa ämnen om spridning sker. / Artificial turfs have been shown to be a significant source of microplastics. The filling material used on artificial turf is called granules and are under the definition microplastic. There are different kinds of granules on the Swedish market, these are SBR, TPE, EPDM and R-EPDM. The granules spread mainly through stormwater from artificial turf, which may then end up in nearby streams. Previous studies have shown that the granules can release toxic substances that risk contaminating the water. Aquatic organisms can misinterpret microscopic particles as food, which can cause consequences such as constipation and starvation. The substances that may leach from the granules belongs to the collective name environmental toxins and are stable, toxic, reproductive and accumulative.   The purpose of this study is to provide a description of the filling material that are used in artificial turfs in Gävle, investigate how these granules can spread and then identify suggestions to reduce the spread. The purpose is also to present the artificial turf's stormwateroutlets and water status to describe the potential environmental impact that the granulate may cause. The methods used in this work are literature studies, personal communication, field observations, map systems and figures and water samples.   Gavlefastigheter owns five artificial turfs in the municipality of Gävle which are Träffen IP, Gavlevallen, Nynäs IP, Sörby IP and Andersberg. These turfs use SBR- TPE and R-EPDM granules. There are open water wells on every turf area and granules can spread to these by surface water at intensive rain, snow plowing and meltwater and with the players when they leave the turf. Most turfs have drainage systems connected to stormwater pipelines that can spread leachable substances to water. The water pipelines have outlets in Testeboriver, Bäckebrostream, Gavleriver and Hemlingbystream. The physical properties of the granules have a significant effect if the particle sinks to the bottom or if it is transported along with the water. The artificial turfs that are primarily in need of taking actions to reduce the spread of granules are Sörby, Anderberg and Nynäs.   The waters do not achieve good chemical status and substances that occur at high concentrations varies depending on the kind of water. According to previous studies, several of these substances may leach from the granules which means that there is a risk of a contribution of these substances if spreading occurs.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis se enfoca en el desarrollo de dispositivos inteligentes para detectar metabolitos de sustancias tóxicas y la sobreexpresión enzimática relacionada con enfermedades. Se aborda la limitación de las técnicas de diagnóstico convencionales y se destaca la utilidad de la orina como muestra biológica. Se discuten conceptos de materiales mesoporosos de sílice, reconocimiento molecular y sondas moleculares fluorogénicas. Los objetivos se detallan, y luego se presenta un nanodispositivo para detectar ácido trans,trans-mucónico (t,t-MA) en orina (S4). Se describe una sonda fluorogénica en el infrarrojo cercano para la detección de elevados niveles de alanina aminopeptidasa en orina (NB-ALA). También se presentan nuevas sondas para detectar biomarcadores de cáncer (NB-SO3-Leu y NB-SO3-Ala), resaltando la importancia de su solubilidad y eliminación renal. Finalmente, se propone una sonda molecular no invasiva (Cy7-MAO) para detectar la enzima monoamina oxidasa a través de medidas de fluorescencia en la orina. Las conclusiones subrayan el potencial de estos sistemas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. / [CA] Aquesta tesi s'enfoca en el desenvolupament de dispositius intel·ligents per detectar metabòlits de substàncies tòxiques i la sobreexpressió enzimàtica relacionada amb malalties. S'aborda la limitació de les tècniques de diagnòstic convencionals i destaca la utilitat de l'orina com a mostra biològica. Es discuteixen conceptes de materials mesoporosos de sílice, reconeixement molecular i sondes moleculars fluorogèniques. Els objectius es detallen, i després es presenta un nanodispositiu per detectar àcid trans, transmucònic (t, t-MA) en orina (S4). Es descriu una sonda fluorogènica a l'infraroig proper per a la detecció d'elevats nivells d'alanina aminopeptidasa en orina (NB-ALA). També es presenten noves sondes per detectar biomarcadors de càncer (NB-SO3-Leu i NB-SO3-Ala), ressaltant la importància de la seva solubilitat i eliminació renal. Finalment, es proposa una sonda molecular no invasiva (Cy7-MAO) per detectar l'enzim monoamina oxidasa a través de mesures de fluorescència a l'orina. Les conclusions subratllen el potencial d'aquests sistemes per al diagnòstic i el tractament de malalties. / [EN] This PhD thesis focuses on the development of smart devices for detecting metabolites of toxic substances and enzyme overexpression related to diseases. It addresses the limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques and highlights the usefulness of urine as a biological sample. Concepts of mesoporous silica materials, molecular recognition, and fluorogenic molecular probes are discussed. The objectives are outlined, and then a nanodevice for detecting trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in urine (S4) is presented. A near-infrared fluorogenic probe for the detection of high levels of alanine aminopeptidase in urine (NB-ALA) is described. New probes for detecting cancer biomarkers (NB-SO3-Leu and NB-SO3-Ala) are also introduced, emphasizing the importance of their solubility and renal elimination. Finally, a non-invasive molecular probe (Cy7-MAO) is proposed for detecting monoamine oxidase enzyme through fluorescence measurements in urine. The conclusions underscore the potential of these systems for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. / Domínguez Rodríguez, M. (2023). Development of Smart Devices for the Detection of Metabolites of Toxic Substances and Disease-Related Enzyme Overexpression [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202015 / Compendio