D.Com. (Transport Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

An extensive database of the tracks of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Ocean since 1851 is known as the North Atlantic Hurricane Database (HURDAT). While this database is valuable to public and private agencies, many of the deadliest hurricanes on record occurred prior to 1851. This study will address the research problem of the availability of historical information and the feasibility of collecting data and producing historical tropical cyclone tracks. This thesis describes a methodology for identifying tropical cyclones that existed during the one hundred year period from 1751-1850 referred to as the “pre-HURDAT era” in this study. Uncovering historical tropical cyclone tracks are important for researchers seeking long term patterns in the climate record. This study is a synthesis of all readily available historical data which can be used to identify the tracks of documented tropical cyclones that occurred during the pre-HURDAT era. To emphasize the applicability of historical hurricane tracks, a study comparing landfall patterns of landfalling east coast hurricanes was also done. These tracks were analyzed using historical chronologies, ship data, and other “regional literature”. / Department of Geography

This research evaluated the performance of two types of cycle tracks—a one-way cycle track on Guadalupe St. and a two-way cycle track on Rio Grande St. in West Campus. The evaluation focused on all types of traffic users' (including bicyclists, pedestrians and motorists) behavior and their perspectives regarding safety, comfort and operation. For each cycle track, all users' behavior and their interactions with others was observed at the main intersection for a cumulative 4 hours; and 35 intercept surveys, including 15 cyclist surveys, 10 pedestrian surveys and 10 motorist surveys, were collected to identify all types of traffic users' experiences, perceptions and attitudes toward the cycle tracks. Overall, the results indicate that the cycle tracks have improved the sense of safety and comfort for cyclists, but, at the same time, other people—including pedestrians—misuse the space, resulting in potential safety issues with the existing intersection design that might undermine overall success. / text

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This is a PhD Thesis by portfolio and is the output of research, development and the practical application of processes for railway track asset management in the UK between 2004 and 2013 and the subsequent development of innovative solutions. There are two major sections to the portfolio; firstly the background, literature review and development phases; and secondly two specific projects. The projects consisted of major works on the UK West Coast Main Line and targeted schemes involving Eurostar and Humberside. The author is a chartered civil engineer and has spent the whole of his career (32 years) in railway civil engineering mainly in design, maintenance and management and culminating in undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. Railway Infrastructure Life Extension is a specialist area that has not been studied before in this depth and was initially related to specific problem solving. However, it is now clearly accepted that UK railway privatisation was a success and after passenger journeys increased by 80% in the period 1996 to 2012, there was substantial strain upon the infrastructure. This portfolio is informed by and considers the current and future challenges faced by railways from a safety, performance and efficiency angle. The study is supported as strategically important work being entirely appropriate and relevant to the industry by the two sponsors, Dr Ilias Oraifige, Senior Academic and Reader at the University of Derby and Ken Mee, Managing Director of Quality and Safety Services Ltd. The term “life extension” was uniquely created and applied to railway infrastructure by the author and his teams during the early phases of this project and became the industry standard phrase for the work involved. The historical background and literature review of the research is included to enable the reader to understand the context of the work undertaken previously where the author acted as the major driver behind the work under industrial conditions commencing in 1997. The author has had a direct involvement in the practical application of the techniques and processes through various senior positions in the UK Rail Industry. The work resulted in testing of equipment in live locations including quantifiable risk assessments and actual benefits to safety, economics and performance. The author held a number of key roles relevant to the study. From 1995 – 2000 he was Regional Director of Balfour Beatty Rail Maintenance and set up the Central Maintenance Group at Sandiacre, Nottinghamshire. This was a team of engineers, supervisors and staff employed to carry out heavy maintenance principally on the Erewash Valley line. From 2000 – 2003 he was Engineering Adviser to the Rail Regulator where he was appointed as the government representative on the Hatfield Recovery Board and sat on various working committees including the Wheel Rail Interface System Authority (WRISA). This was a significant contribution to the recovery of the UK rail system to normal working following the Hatfield Accident. A key contribution during this time was the understanding of the impact of track quality upon asset deterioration. From 2004 – 2007, the author, in his role as General Manager of Carillion Rail Ancillary Projects, was commissioned to set up an organisation to develop and provide innovative and original solutions for life extension and refurbishment of railway track systems in the UK. The principle objective was to build upon previous work done during the final years of the UK contracted-out railway infrastructure maintenance term contracts. The innovations chosen for development were related to delivering economic access to facilitate heavy maintenance and the development of new techniques to extend track life. A number of projects and case studies and their specific solutions are identified and reviewed. Of particular strategic importance is the use of the “Railvac” Swedish ballast removal machine developed in the UK between 2004 and 2012. The culmination of the work is the incorporation of the principles and ideas into the UK National Policy under the ongoing strategy approved by the Office of Rail Regulation for 2014-2019. The author has published a number of papers in support of the thesis which have been presented at conferences in London and Spain.

Under detta arbete har jag undersökt hur jag kan bli snabbare som låtskrivare inom hårdrock och metal. Genom att använda mig av olika typer av begränsningar så som tidsbegränsningar och begränsningar i val av instrument har jag sökt ett svar på hur dessa hjälper mig att arbeta snabbare. Fyra tracks producerades och under arbetet med dessa undersökte jag hur jag arbetar för att bli varse vad som påverkar mig att arbeta snabbare. I slutändan upptäcker jag att begränsningar kan hjälpa mig att hålla fokus på den stora helheten och inte fastna i ett evigt detaljarbete. Detta i samverkan med referenslåtar som en källa för idéer möjliggör ett snabbare låtskrivande.

Certain sites within Death Valley National Park contain ample ichnofossils, specifically vertebrate animal tracks, dating back to the Pliocene. Since the majority of these track locations are closed to the general public, their scientific significance and educational value toward improving the geoliteracy of the general public remain unexplored. Based on the impressive amount of ichnofossils present at the park, this research investigates how to improve general public geoliteracy through these tracks, using basic principles and supporting concepts of the National Science Foundation’s Earth Science Literacy Initiative, while respecting the security measures of the park and adhering to National Park Service interpretation guidelines.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2007. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Actualistic, sedimentological, and experimental approaches to the study of vertebrate trace taphonomy in the Kenya Rift Valley have permitted the characterization and even quantification of factors that influence trace morphology and preservation potential in semi-arid lake margins. Several important taphonomic factors were identified from the modern lake-marginal sediments of saline, alkaline Lake Bogoria and freshwater Lake Baringo in the Baringo-Bogoria basin (1º N and 36º E). The investigation of these factors, considering vertebrate ecology and sedimentology of the deposits, together with the study of early and later diagenetic processes that cement substrates, provided a framework for the paleoecological interpretation of three Pleistocene fossil footprint localities, also in the Baringo-Bogoria basin. The most important taphonomic factors appear to be related to the semi-arid climate (e.g., high evaporation:precipitation ratio), frequent lake level changes, the closed nature of the lake basins, bedrock geology (mainly volcaniclastic) within the catchment, and the chemical composition of lake and pore waters. Notable factors that cause the alteration, destruction, and stabilization of traces include efflorescent salt crystallization, which may temporarily cement substrates or destroy traces during crystal growth in the capillary fringe; substrate wetting and drying, which can induce soil-crusting and the shrinking and swelling of smectitic clays; and the presence of benthic microbial mats and biofilms, which may temporarily stabilize substrates or contribute to their early cementation by mediating carbonate precipitation. Experiments to quantitatively and statistically test the effects of salt efflorescence, the rate and temperature of substrate drying (e.g., sun-baking), and swelling and non-swelling clays supported field observations. Preservational processes interpreted from Pleistocene footprint-bearing sediments include the early cementation of substrates by carbonates (e.g., calcite), and during prolonged, stable dry phases, the precipitation of zeolitic cements and Mn- and Fe-oxide minerals. ****PLEASE NOTE: This thesis is formatted to be printed double-sided.

Actualistic, sedimentological, and experimental approaches to the study of vertebrate trace taphonomy in the Kenya Rift Valley have permitted the characterization and even quantification of factors that influence trace morphology and preservation potential in semi-arid lake margins. Several important taphonomic factors were identified from the modern lake-marginal sediments of saline, alkaline Lake Bogoria and freshwater Lake Baringo in the Baringo-Bogoria basin (1º N and 36º E). The investigation of these factors, considering vertebrate ecology and sedimentology of the deposits, together with the study of early and later diagenetic processes that cement substrates, provided a framework for the paleoecological interpretation of three Pleistocene fossil footprint localities, also in the Baringo-Bogoria basin. The most important taphonomic factors appear to be related to the semi-arid climate (e.g., high evaporation:precipitation ratio), frequent lake level changes, the closed nature of the lake basins, bedrock geology (mainly volcaniclastic) within the catchment, and the chemical composition of lake and pore waters. Notable factors that cause the alteration, destruction, and stabilization of traces include efflorescent salt crystallization, which may temporarily cement substrates or destroy traces during crystal growth in the capillary fringe; substrate wetting and drying, which can induce soil-crusting and the shrinking and swelling of smectitic clays; and the presence of benthic microbial mats and biofilms, which may temporarily stabilize substrates or contribute to their early cementation by mediating carbonate precipitation. Experiments to quantitatively and statistically test the effects of salt efflorescence, the rate and temperature of substrate drying (e.g., sun-baking), and swelling and non-swelling clays supported field observations. Preservational processes interpreted from Pleistocene footprint-bearing sediments include the early cementation of substrates by carbonates (e.g., calcite), and during prolonged, stable dry phases, the precipitation of zeolitic cements and Mn- and Fe-oxide minerals. ****PLEASE NOTE: This thesis is formatted to be printed double-sided.