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<p>The participation of African countries in the Dispute Settlement System (DSS) of the Worlt Trade Organisation ( WTO) is insignificant. This research seeks to find a suitable model/mechanism which meets the particular needs of developing countries. The practical aim of this reseach was to enhance active participation of various stakeholders in developing countries who may be adversely affected or who face potential damage by unfair trade pracices of other players in the brutal and complex battleground of world trade. Thus the research seeks to suggest a suitable legal framework which can be utilised by stakeholders in African countries as part of the process of trade dispute initiation when their interests are threatened or adversely affected.</p>

The cattle trade of Scotland is generally considered as a very important element of early modem Scottish economy and society. After peace was established in the Borders, and along with the gradual pacification of the Highlands, a regular trade in livestock developed over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the principal component of which consisted of large-scale cattle exports to England. A number of obstacles stood in the way of the fledging industry. The credit economy was not sufficiently developed to accommodate the droving trade or to minimise the risk of dishonest dealers, bankruptcies and defaults. Also, smugglers and thieves regularly disrupted the trade, and the Privy Council repeatedly tried to curb illegal activities, especially in the Highlands. Yet, despite difficulties and regional differences, most of Scotland's territories appear to have engaged in the cattle trade. Previous research has often referred to the cattle trade. The few studies of the subject though, are either too concise to adequately explore the topic or lack the perspective of an economic history. In this thesis, wider economic factors such as the credit economy, lawlessness and Irish competition are discussed and related to price trends, export figures and general costs and profits. Present assumptions have been re-examined, and new research data has been collected and analysed along with existing evidence, in an effort to fill the gap in the secondary literature. It has been found in this thesis that both livestock trade and cattle prices followed similar trends. After decades of modest growth or stagnation in the first half of the 17th century, a market infrastructure developed by the 1660s, which allowed the cattle business to reach unprecedented levels. The growth was unevenly distributed in geographic and social terms, and was mainly accounted for by a small number of rich landowners/businessmen in the Southwest. Trade and prices stabilised to this new equilibrium for more than 80 years (with many fluctuations), until the mid-18th century when they grew significantly further.

Master of Arts / Department of Economics / Peri da Silva / The literature concerning the economics of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has evolved from a theoretical perspective to an empirically based approach over the past decade. Specifically, this report examines the various empirical studies on the economic determinants of RTAs and the likelihood of RTAs between country-pairs. Scott L. Baier and Jeffrey H. Bergstrand (2004) or BB (2004) provide us the first empirical work on the economic determinants of RTAs. Their model predicts fairly accurately, 85% of the 286 RTAs in 1996 among 1431 country-pairs, and 97% of the remaining 1145 pairs with no RTAs based on economic features. In this report, we begin with an introduction to RTAs, and then we will explore the contribution of BB (2004), as well as other economists’ empirical findings on the economics of RTAs, using empirical strategies similar to BB’s (2004) study.

This paper investigates the participation of companies in a Trade Show. The purpose of this research is to highlight what are the best ways for successfully participating in Trade Show and make profit. In order to find the right information, one previous research was identified from the library data base, which allowed us to find some other existing articles. One of the major results was that companies do not seriously prepare for their Trade Show. Moreover, it is also important to follow-up their attendees after the Trade Show.

D.Com. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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