O comércio internacional exerce uma forte influência na configuração e uso do território brasileiro, expressa no significativo crescimento e aceleração dos fluxos de mercadorias pertencentes a inúmeros circuitos espaciais produtivos. Nesse contexto, assistimos a ampliação da base material responsável por garantir a fluidez territorial necessária para o escoamento de produtos; paralelamente, um conjunto de instituições públicas e privadas promove a reformulação e atualização da base normativa incumbida da regulação desse movimento. As trading companies empresas especializadas em comércio exterior destacam-se dentre os agentes que visam aumentar essa fluidez e porosidade do território nacional. O presente trabalho investiga a gênese, a localização atual e as conexões regionais, nacionais e mundiais que as tradings estabelecem na realização dos fluxos internacionais de mercadorias. A pesquisa objetiva também estudar as trading companies com escritórios-sedes na cidade de São Paulo, buscando identificar os circuitos espaciais produtivos que se utilizam dos serviços oferecidos por essas empresas e compreender o papel atualmente desempenhado pela metrópole paulistana na internacionalização do território brasileiro. / The international trade have a great influence in brazilian\'s territorial configuration and use, represented by the relevant growth and acceleration of merchandise\'s fluxes belonged by many spatial productive circuits. In this context, we observe an increasing material base responsible for territory fluidity needed to goods distribution; at same time, an assemblage of governmental and private institutions promotes a reformulation and an update in normative basis of this fluxes. The trading companies specialized enterprises in foreign trade stand out among the agents who wish to increase national territorial fluidity and porosity. This work research genesis, localization and regional, national and global connections of tradings in the realization of international flows of goods. The research aims too the tranding companies with headquarters offices at São Paulo, identifying spatial productive circuits which uses services offerers by those companies and to comprehend currently the role of São Paulo metropolis in the internationalization of brazilian territory.

M.Comm. / The facts are : There is very little (if any) guidance from even the most reliable sources in terms of how to deal with labour at the moment. Poor discipline, unreasonable demands/expectations, unprocedural (unreasonable) work stoppages, etc., etc., are "the order of the day" everywhere we look and, hence, the "spillover" onto the shop floor. There is no single identified management style that will succeed without some failure during these times. In addition to that there is one huge awakening awaiting most of our managers in the manner in which they approach, discipline and manage subordinates. The objectives of this project can be summarised as follows : To gain some input, share experience and thoughts from other companies that are experiencing similar challenges. To carefully and objectively evaluate and analyse the existing strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats at the Company. To establish a strategic Management Model that will assist this, and other companies, to manage and remain focused through these times and that will improve communication, trust and understanding between all the role players in this complex business environment of ours. To set structures for tracking meetings to evaluate progress, share problems and concerns and to enhance cohesion amongst the management team.

by Yau Chi Shing Danny. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-82). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Company Background --- p.3 / From ISO 9000 Accreditation to TQM --- p.5 / Approach to Implementation of TQM --- p.6 / Methodology --- p.7 / Purpose of Study --- p.7 / Self-Assessment --- p.8 / Interviews --- p.10 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.12 / What is TQM --- p.12 / What is Quality --- p.12 / The TQM Gurus --- p.14 / The Benefits of Implementing TQM --- p.15 / Elements of TQM --- p.18 / Tools and Models for TQM Implementation --- p.19 / Critical Success Factors for TQM Implementation --- p.21 / Why TQM Programs Sometimes Fail --- p.24 / Is ISO 9000 a Prerequisite for TQM --- p.25 / Chapter III. --- DATA ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION --- p.27 / Mission and Objectives --- p.27 / Developing of Mission Statements --- p.28 / Core Values --- p.29 / Goal Setting and Benchmarking --- p.30 / Customer Focus and Satisfaction --- p.31 / Market Share and Customer Attrition Rate --- p.32 / Customer Satisfaction Drivers --- p.33 / Customer Dissatisfaction Drivers --- p.35 / Development of Action Plans to Promote Customer Satisfaction Drivers and Minimising Customer Dissatisfaction Drivers --- p.37 / Development of Service Pledges --- p.38 / Measuring the Views on Quality of Service of Internal Customers --- p.39 / Operational Performance and Process Improvement --- p.40 / Actions taken to Increase Direct Interaction with Customers --- p.41 / Process Improvement --- p.43 / Human Resources --- p.44 / Staff Opinion Survey --- p.44 / Performance Management System --- p.47 / Staff Suggestion Scheme --- p.49 / Information and Analysis --- p.50 / Executive Leadership --- p.51 / TQM-Critical Success Factors and Encountered Difficulties --- p.54 / Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSION --- p.56 / An Overview on TQM Self-Assessment Study --- p.56 / Success Factors for TQM --- p.58 / Readiness of an Organization for TQM --- p.58 / Resistance to Cultural Change --- p.59 / Need for Effective Measurements --- p.61 / Need for Effective Communications --- p.62 / Need for Effective Teaming --- p.63 / Need for Senior Management Commitment and Effective Leadership --- p.64 / Need for Expertise Advice and Guidance --- p.65 / Closing --- p.66 / APPENDIX --- p.67 / Chapter Appendix 1 : --- TQM Self-Assessment Questions for Interviews --- p.67 / Chapter Appendix 2 : --- TQM Gurus - Dr. Dealing's Contributions --- p.72 / Chapter Appendix 3 : --- TQM Gurus - Juran's Contributions --- p.74 / Chapter Appendix 4 : --- TQM Gurus - Crosby's Contributions --- p.76 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.77

Bibliography: leaves 462-479. / xx, 479 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Law, 1998?

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1990. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-281).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-142).

Thesis (Ph.D. (Economics))-University of Pretoria, 2005. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Orientador: Pedro Ramos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FelipePrince_M.pdf: 3086473 bytes, checksum: 82b1879c9ab7cd506145bc6390cd7aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Uma das conseqüências da crise fiscal do Estado na década 1980 foi a queda dos recursos destinados ao financiamento agrícola no Brasil. Nesse contexto, mecanismos privados de crédito foram criados, com o objetivo de atender a demanda crescente do setor, que se desenvolveu fortemente a partir do final da década de 1970 no país. Esses mecanismos estiveram relacionados à própria evolução e consolidação dos Complexos Agroindustriais, e contaram com a atuação das empresas fornecedoras de insumos, tradings, agroindústrias e exportadores como agentes na concessão de crédito aos produtores. Assim, ao lado dos mecanismos de crédito oficial (que envolvem bancos e cooperativas de crédito), fortaleceram-se mecanismos de crédito não-oficial para o financiamento da agricultura, especialmente da produção de grãos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, onde houve maior crescimento da área cultivada a partir desse período. O primeiro objetivo desse trabalho é explicar os modelos de financiamento de custeio dos produtores de grãos no Brasil, tanto os modelos de crédito oficial - que funcionam sob a égide do Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural - SNCR -, quanto os modelos de crédito não-oficial, em que os agentes concedentes de crédito são trading e os fornecedores de insumos. O segundo objetivo é demonstrar os modelos de crédito predominantes para o financiamento da produção de grãos nas duas maiores regiões produtoras do país, a saber, Sul e Centro-Oeste. Verificar-se-á, através de dados estatísticos, que o modelo de crédito predominante no Sul é o crédito oficial, enquanto no Centro-Oeste, o modelo de crédito predominante é o não-oficial / Abstract: One of the consequences of fiscal crisis in the 1980s was the decline of resources for agricultural finance in Brazil. In this context, private credit mechanisms were created, in order to meet the sector's growing demand, which has developed strongly since the late 1970's. These new mechanisms were related to the own evolution and consolidation of agribusiness in Brazil, and included the performance of input suppliers, trading companies and exporters as credit lenders to grain growers. Thus, alongside the official credit mechanisms (involving banks and credit coops), have strengthened mechanisms unofficial credit for the financing of agriculture, especially of grain production in the Midwest of Brazil, where there was a higher growth of the cultivated area from the 1970s. The first aim of this essay is to explain the working of funding models of grain growers in Brazil, both the models of official credit - which operate under the National Rural Credit System- SNCR - and the models of unofficial credit, in which agents are trading companies and input suppliers. The second objective is to demonstrate the prevailing credit models of to finance the production of grains in the two largest producing regions Brazil, which are South and Midwest. Through statistical data, will be shown that the prevailing credit model in South region is the official credit, while in the Midwest, the prevailing credit model is unofficial / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The transportation of containerized shipments will continue to be a topic of interest in the world because it is the primary method for shipping cargo globally. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the Panama Canal Expansion (PCE) on the trade flows of containerized shipments between the United States and its trade partners for US exports and imports. The results show that the Panama Canal Expansion would affect the trade flows of US imports and exports significantly. The major findings are as follows: (1) the PCE affects not only US domestic trade flows, but also international trade flows since inland transportation and ocean transportation are interactive, (2) delay cost and toll rate at the Panama Canal do not have a significant impact on trade volume and flows of US containerized shipments after the Panama Canal Expansion mainly because delay cost and toll rate at the canal account for a small portion of the total transportation costs after the PCE, (3) West Coast ports would experience negative effects and East Coast ports would experience positive effects from the PCE, while Gulf ports would experience no effects from the PCE, and (4) an optimal toll rate is inconclusive in this study because changes in toll rate at the canal account for a small portion of the total transportation costs and the PNC competes with shipments to/from Asia shipping to the US West. / Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC) / U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)

Na medida em que o relacionamento comercial entre os países tem se tornado a base para o desenvolvimento do mercado mundial e das nações, evidencia-se a necessidade de se estudar as iniciativas empresariais que potencializam a ocorrência e continuidade de negócios produtivos entre as diversas partes envolvidas no processo comercial. Sob a ótica do marketing internacional, é possível sintetizar que as relações comerciais se estabelecem de duas formas: diretamente, onde a relação comercial entre empresas exportadoras e empresas importadoras acontece sem o apoio de uma organização intermediária; e indiretamente, onde uma ou ambas as partes optam por serviços intermediários de uma empresa especializada denominada empresa comercial exportadora. Visando compreender os elementos constituintes do relacionamento dos exportadores brasileiros com tais organizações intermediárias, bem como os níveis deste envolvimento, considerando-se ainda o vasto universo das diferentes características de negócio de cada empresa, foi realizado um trabalho qualitativo exploratório por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com seis empresas comerciais exportadoras e quatro empresas fornecedoras inseridas no município de Ribeirão Preto. Por meio deste estudo, pôde-se concluir que a dinâmica do marketing internacional sob a ótica do relacionamento é ainda pouco explorada. Verificou-se que as características do modelo de negócio da empresa influenciam diretamente na adoção, continuidade e no término do relacionamento, e que, a presença e intensidade dos elementos deste relacionamento dependem diretamente do envolvimento resultante da parceria. / The international commercial relationships has become the base for the development of the world-wide market and the nations, it provides the necessity to study the enterprise initiatives that potentialize the occurrence and continuity of success business among several parts involved at the commercial process. At the marketing point of view, its possible to establish commercial relations in two ways: the direct, in which the commercial relation between export companies and import companies happens without the support of an intermediary agent; and the indirect, in which one or both parts opts for intermediary services of a specialized company commonly named trading companies. To understand the elements that constitutes the relationship between Brazilian exporters and trading companies, as well as the levels of that involvement, considering too the complex enterprises characteristics, it has realized an exploratory qualitative study with depth interviews among six trading companies and four supplier companies at the Ribeirão Preto city. The conclusion is that the dynamics of the international marketing relationship are still little explored. It was verified that the business company model characteristics influence directly in the adoption, continuity and in the ending of the relationship. Besides, the elements presence and intensity of this relationship depend directly on involvement of the partnership.