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Traditional dwellings have been exposed to environmental factors due to the increasing concentration in urban areas or reusing the dwellings for a different function that brings more profit. Tourism is one of the most important reasons for this transformation. Cappadocia is one of the regions where the transformation of historical structures into tourism facilities is common. In the last 5-10 years the concept of tourism and hotel management has changed and dwellings themselves were transformed to hotels and were called Boutique Hotels. And this transformation is mostly seen in &Uuml / rg&uuml / p. However, some problems are encountered in the transformation of traditional dwellings into Boutique Hotels. These problems are concerned with the difficulties experienced in interventions to the dwellings, positive and negative affects on environment and the legal problems pertaining the project, implementation and certification procedures. This thesis aims to question the harmony between the transformation in &Uuml / rg&uuml / p and the functional, physical, social and cultural aspects of the traditionaldwellings in &Uuml / rg&uuml / p, to assess the the implementations and their relations with environment relationships. In addition to this, taking the example of &Uuml / rg&uuml / p as a starting point, this thesis aims to discuss the relations between cultural identity and tourism, the positive and negative effects of tourism on traditional structure, and the balance between conservation and tourism. Taking into consideration the deficiencies in the legal definition and management criteria of Boutique Hotels, which are gradually becoming common, the discussion of the definition of Boutique Hotel is one of the important aims of this thesis.

Traditional dwellings are one of the most important elements of Turkey&rsquo / s cultural heritage, which constitute a large part of the total quantity of all our traditional buildings. These buildings also have an important economic value due to their forming a huge part of the housing stock of Turkey. However these buildings disappear rapidly, because of many reasons. Besides several external factors, which cause their loss indirectly, such as pressure of the urbanization, the lack or defects of the legal arrangements, shortage in the financial sources&hellip / etc, they also have internal problems such as, structural, functional and environmental ones which lead their users to abandon them, similarly resulting in their deterioration and loss in the long term. Inadequacy of the service units in traditional dwellings are one of the most important problems belonging to the category of functional problems. They will be abandoned or physically altered by unconscious interventions as long as the needs related to the service functions are not met. Because the original service units of the traditional dwellings, especially the ones called &lsquo / wet spaces&rsquo / in today&rsquo / s contemporary houses do not respond to our needs, and are under the requested modern living standards. The change of the traditional way of life parallel to technological developments has resulted in the change in uses within the house and changes in needs and habits of the people. Therefore, the major objective of this study was to make the necessary rehabilitations related to the service needs in terms of adapting the traditional dwellings to contemporary residential use. It was assumed that this study would offer guidelines to eliminate similar types of problems related to the service needs of all the traditional dwellings in Fo&ccedil / a. In this direction, the architecture of the traditional Fo&ccedil / a dwellings with special interest in their service spaces were researched in the site survey. Besides their original architectural characteristics, their physical alteration status regarding to their needs, their problems and desires of their users were determined both with physical analyses and social questionnaires. All the interventions were assessed by taking into consideration both their conservation and physical needs of their inhabitants. In the proposal phase of the study, the spatial potentials and carrying capacities of the dwellings were determined while also considering the preservation of their values. The dwellings were grouped after this assessment according to their spatial potentials and problems. The appropriate types of interventions, aimed at meeting the minimum requirements, sometimes realized by rehabilitation of an existent space and in other cases by the addition of a new space were revealed according to the needs and problems of the dwellings. Finally, the principle decisions for the interventions were proposed by considering the necessary balance between usage and preservation in each proposal.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bio-climatic characteristics of traditional and contemporary residential architecture in three different climatic/geographical regions of Libya, which are represented by Tripoli in the &ldquo / coastal region&rdquo / Gharyan in the &ldquo / mountainous region&rdquo / and Ghadames in the &ldquo / desert region&rdquo / . It was undertaken to understand and evaluate the effects of building layout and orientation, wall thicknesses, ceiling height, construction materials, thermal mass and size of windows, on the resultant thermal comfort conditions of the buildings/dwellings in question. An architectural survey of the dwellings was carried out and indoor and outdoor photos of houses were taken. Temperature and humidity data in pre-determined rooms of the dwellings, in addition to data relevant to exterior weather conditions were recorded by thermo-hygrometers. Residents who had experience of living in both traditional and contemporary dwellings were interviewed informally before preparing a comprehensive questionnaire, which was distributed to them to gather the required data. It was found that traditional dwellings in Tripoli and Ghadames, in their present condition, did not provide the desired level of thermal comfort. This was attributed to a number of reasons. One was the abandonment of these dwellings by their occupants, in favor of those of modern style. The resulting collapse of some parts of adjacent house blocks, which used to provide a degree of protection against climatic conditions when working as a whole block of several attached houses. Another was the introduction of new construction materials that were incompatible with the original ones. However, traditional dwellings in both cities appeared to provide relatively better thermal comfort conditions in comparison with the use contemporary dwellings of recent years, except for those with air conditioning. This situation was different in Gharyan, where the troglodyte dwellings were concerned. These dwellings were thermally more comfortable than the modern ones in the city. This was attributed to the fact that most of the existing troglodyte dwellings still preserved their original features to a large extent. At length, this study recommends that modern types of dwellings should adapt those features of the traditional ones that are more compatible and suitable for the local climatic conditions, in a way which guarantees optimum exploitation of local resources in terms of energy consumption and cost.

[ES] La arquitectura vernácula suele decirse adaptada al lugar y al modo de vida de sus habitantes. Pero las sociedades y sus culturas no son estáticas. El comportamiento y el entorno cambian y, con ellos, también la manera de construirlo. A la vez, este tipo de arquitectura ha reunido unas cualidades y alcanzado un grado de armonía entre naturaleza, construcción y comunidad que no siempre ha conseguido ser emulado por la profesión moderna de la arquitectura. Así, surge una contradicción aparente: cómo preservar el saber-hacer de estos entornos en el cambio. La síntesis entre conservación y adaptación parece resolverse en el aprendizaje: ¿qué lecciones de lo vernáculo es posible extraer y aplicar a la planificación contemporánea a pesar de las transformaciones? Para aproximarse a la respuesta, la investigación parte de antecedentes de estudio: sobre el contexto general de transformación del ámbito rural en un panorama donde el cambio parece inevitable; sobre la arquitectura vernácula, su estudio y cierta crítica a algunas tendencias de la modernidad; y sobre el contexto específico de la investigación en Burkina Faso. A partir de esta base, el trabajo se sitúa en dos escenarios: el de la arquitectura tradicional mossi en el pueblo de Baasneere (Región Centro-Norte), construida, habitada e inmersa en un proceso de cambio similar al de otros hábitats tradicionales en el país; el de la disciplina y profesión de la arquitectura modernas en Burkina Faso, con actitudes distintas hacia lo vernáculo a lo largo de las etapas históricas de urbanización del país. Cada escenario sugiere preguntas específicas de investigación que son abordadas mediante la revisión bibliográfica relativa a cada tema, el estudio de campo con observación participante, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, la documentación gráfica y la elaboración de fichas para registrar casos de viviendas tradicionales y sus cambios. En el primer escenario, la constatación de las transformaciones que afectan a la arquitectura vernácula, justificadas en cambios sociales y culturales, permite identificar algunos conflictos y lecciones. En el segundo escenario, un acercamiento de la disciplina hacia lo local es apreciado en determinadas tendencias definitivamente puestas en práctica en algunos casos de proyectos de cooperación al desarrollo. Parece ser en ese ámbito de trabajo donde algunas de las lecciones de lo vernáculo encuentran su aplicación más directa. Para terminar, el enfoque de la investigación se abre para proponer una reflexión sobre los puntos en común con otros contextos a nivel global. Si una determinada forma de progreso ha desencadenado modificaciones similares en los entornos rurales a nivel global, maneras alternativas de considerarlo deberían conducir a soluciones en común. En definitiva, la consideración de los entornos vernáculos, surgidos de relaciones de cooperación y simbiosis, podría tener la significación, en la primera mitad del siglo XXI, de despertar cierta conciencia de adecuación y mostrar vías posibles de acción para trabajar en la adaptación real de nuestros entornos y el arraigo de nuestras sociedades. / [CA] L'arquitectura vernacla sol dir-se adaptada al lloc i a la manera de vida dels seus habitants. Però les societats i les seues cultures no són estàtiques. El comportament i l'entorn canvien i, amb ells, també la manera de construir-lo. Alhora, aquest tipus d'arquitectura ha reunit unes qualitats i aconseguit un grau d'harmonia entre naturalesa, construcció i comunitat que no sempre ha aconseguit ser emulat per la professió moderna de l'arquitectura. Així, sorgeix una contradicció aparent: com preservar el saber-fer d'aquests entorns en el canvi. La síntesi entre conservació i adaptació sembla resoldre's en l'aprenentatge: quines lliçons del vernacle és possible extraure i aplicar a la planificació contemporània malgrat les transformacions? Per a aproximar-se a la resposta, la investigació parteix d'antecedents d'estudi: sobre el context general de transformació de l'àmbit rural en un panorama on el canvi sembla inevitable; sobre l'arquitectura vernacla, el seu estudi i una certa crítica a algunes tendències de la modernitat; i sobre el context específic de la investigació a Burkina Faso. A partir d'aquesta base, el treball se situa en dos escenaris: el de l'arquitectura tradicional mossi al poble de Baasneere (Regió Centre-Nord), construïda, habitada i immersa en un procés de canvi similar al d'altres hàbitats tradicionals al país; el de la disciplina i professió de l'arquitectura modernes a Burkina Faso, amb actituds diferents cap al vernacle al llarg de les etapes històriques d'urbanització del país. Cada escenari suggereix preguntes específiques d'investigació que són abordades mitjançant la revisió bibliogràfica relativa a cada tema, l'estudi de camp amb observació participant, entrevistes obertes i semi-estructurades, la documentació gràfica i l'elaboració de fitxes per a registrar casos d'habitatges tradicionals i els seus canvis. En el primer escenari, la constatació de les transformacions que afecten l'arquitectura vernacla, justificades en canvis socials i culturals, permet identificar alguns conflictes i lliçons. En el segon escenari, un acostament de la disciplina cap al local és apreciat en determinades tendències definitivament posades en pràctica en alguns casos de projectes de cooperació al desenvolupament. Sembla ser en aquest àmbit de treball on algunes de les lliçons del vernacle troben la seua aplicació més directa. Per a acabar, l'enfocament de la investigació s'obri per a proposar una reflexió sobre els punts en comú amb altres contextos a nivell global. Si una determinada forma de progrés ha desencadenat modificacions similars en els entorns rurals a nivell global, maneres alternatives de considerar-ho haurien de conduir a solucions en comú. En definitiva, la consideració dels entorns vernacles, sorgits de relacions de cooperació i simbiosi, podria tindre la significació, en la primera meitat del segle XXI, de despertar una certa consciència d'adequació i mostrar vies possibles d'acció per a treballar en l'adaptació real dels nostres entorns i l'arrelament de les nostres societats. / [EN] Vernacular architecture is often said to be adapted to the place and the way of life of its inhabitants. But societies and their cultures are not static. Behaviour and environment change and, with them, so does the way it is built. At the same time, this type of architecture has brought together qualities and achieved a degree of harmony between nature, building and community that has not always managed to be emulated by the modern architectural profession. Thus, an apparent contradiction arises: how to preserve the know-how of these environments in change. The synthesis between preservation and adaptation seems to be resolved in learning: what lessons from the vernacular can be drawn and applied to contemporary planning despite the transformations? To approach the answer, the research is based on a background of studies: on the general context of rural transformation in a perspective where change seems inevitable; on vernacular architecture, its study and some criticism of certain trends of modernity; and on the specific context of research in Burkina Faso. On this basis, the work is situated in two scenarios: that of traditional Mossi architecture in the village of Baasneere (Centre-North Region), built, inhabited and immersed in a process of change similar to that of other traditional habitats in the country; that of the modern discipline and profession of architecture in Burkina Faso, with different attitudes towards the vernacular throughout the historical periods of the country's urbanisation. Each scenario suggests specific research questions that are addressed by means of a literature review on each topic, a field study with participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews, graphic documentation, and the creation of sheets to record cases of traditional dwellings and their changes. In the first scenario, the observation of the transformations affecting vernacular architecture, justified by social and cultural changes, makes it possible to identify some conflicts and lessons. In the second scenario, a rapprochement of the discipline towards the local can be seen in certain tendencies, definitely put into practice in some cases of development cooperation projects. It seems to be in this field of work that some of the lessons of the vernacular find their most direct application. Finally, the research approach opens up to propose a reflection on the points in common with other contexts at the global level. If a particular form of progress has triggered similar changes in rural environments globally, alternative ways of looking at it should lead to common solutions. In short, the consideration of vernacular environments, arising from relations of cooperation and symbiosis, could have the significance, in the first half of the 21st century, of awakening a certain awareness of adequacy and showing possible ways of action to work on the real adaptation of our environments and the rootedness of our societies. / Lidón De Miguel, M. (2022). Arquitectura vernácula y de cooperación. Transformación, continuidad, lecciones y aprendizajes en el contexto de Burkina Faso para un panorama de cambio [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191457