Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa, and other developing countries, experience great problems concerning road traffic accidents. Despite road safety campaigns like Arrive Alive being launched, accident rates do not decline significantly and the problem is predicted to get worse. This study is done on a road in the Western Cape, the R44, to investigate the causes of road accidents. The causes of the accidents are deduced from the accident reports and relationships are sought with other factors. The results of this study are risk factors (human-, environment- and vehicle factors) for the 14 accident types that occurred on the R44, as well as measures to prevent road accidents. It has been found that the human factor plays the biggest role in road accidents. Out of the 404 accidents analysed, 77.7% were caused by human factors, 8.7% by unknown factors, 7.2% by environmental factors and 6.4% by vehicle factors. The problems experienced with the data quality are reported and recommendations concerning it are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika en ander ontwikkelende lande ervaar groot probleme met verkeersongelukke. Ten spyte van veldtogte soos Arrive Alive wat geloods word, neem ongelukskoerse nie beduidend af nie, en daar word voorspel dat die situasie nie gaan verbeter nie. Hierdie studie is op 'n pad in die Wes-Kaap, die R44, gedoen om die oorsake van padongelukke vas te stel. Die oorsake van ongelukke i s van die ongeluksvorms a fgelei, en verwantskappe is gesoek met ander faktore. Die resultate van die studie is risikofaktore (menslike-, omgewings- en voertuigfaktore) vir die 14 ongelukstipes wat op die R44 voorgekom het, asook voorkomingsmaatreëls om padongelukke te voorkom. Daar is gevind dat die menslike faktor die grootste oorsaak van ongelukke is. Uit die 404 ongelukke wat geanaliseer is, is 77.7% van die ongelukke deur menslike faktore, 8.7% van die ongelukke deur onbekende faktore, 7.2% van die ongelukke deur omgewingsfaktore en 6.4% van die ongelukke deur voertuigfaktore veroorsaak. In hierdie studie is probleme ondervind met die datakwaliteit, en daaroor is verslag gedoen en aanbevelings gemaak.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

published_or_final_version / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

LL.M. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Research report submitted to Wits School of Governance in 25% fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Public and Development, 2016 / The research investigated the high rate of road traffic accidents and the high mortality rate on the Moloto road in the western region popularly known as the Nkangala region of Mpumalanga province. The purpose of the research was to explore suggestions from the stakeholders on how to reduce road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The research also aimed at discussing the relationship between the road traffic accidents and the road congestion. The research attempted to find the interventions suggested by stakeholders on how to reduce road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The unprecedented number of road accidents on the Moloto road is a serious concern for both government and road users. In 2012 alone, 890 traffic accidents were recorded on the Moloto road. This research found that the majority of these accidents were caused by human behaviour such as reckless driving, over speeding, drinking and driving. The relative invisibility of traffic officials on the Moloto Road partly explains why road users engage in such behaviours. Increased visibility of traffic officials may encourage change in road user behaviour and help reduce the number of road traffic accidents on the Moloto Road. Congestion as one of the major causes of road traffic accidents can be solved by widening the Moloto road. Congestion can also be dealt with through the development of the Moloto rail corridor which is seen as a tool to remove vehicles on the Moloto road. It is also realised that both the government and the road users can play an important role in the reduction of road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The government must develop infrastructure and the road users must obey the rules of the road. The sampling method for this qualitative case study was purposive sampling. The selection of respondents was done within stakeholders of the Moloto Road. Collection of data was done on the individuals representing their organisations. Data was analysed according to the accepted procedures for qualitative data processing. / XL2018

The role of traffic officials in road management is very important not only to ensure a smooth flow of traffic, but also to prevent negligent and reckless driving, which could result in road accidents. In light of this, the current study embarked on a research journey to investigate the challenges facing traffic officials in Windhoek (Namibia) to reduce road accidents. To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher embarked on a qualitative research approach to obtain in-depth information from traffic officials regarding their experiences in reducing road accidents in Windhoek. Following a purposive sampling method to identify the research participants, the researcher also used semi-structured interviews to guide his interviews with the research participants. The problem in this study concerns the high number of road accidents within the Windhoek area. Between 2012 and 2016, the Namibian Police Force Report (2015/2016) recorded 3 052 accidents on Namibian roads, in which 5 289 people were injured and 524 killed. Motorists’ negative attitudes towards traffic laws and regulations, unroadworthy vehicles and poor road conditions were identified as the leading causes of road accidents and presented the biggest challenges to traffic officials. Some of the challenges that traffic officials encounter are in respect of law enforcement for motorists driving under the influence of alcohol, enforcement of speed restrictions, the limited number of traffic officials to do patrols, an insufficient number of cameras monitoring traffic lights, uncooperative witnesses during car accidents as well as corruption on the side of fellow traffic officials. In order to reduce the high rate of road accidents in Windhoek, this study recommends an increase in traffic officials’ visibility on the roads, clear standards and guidelines for vehicle inspection pertaining to roadworthiness, toll free lines for reporting corrupt traffic officials, cooperation among stakeholders as well as multilingual road safety educational programmes. / Seabe sa batlhankedi ba pharakano mo tsamaisong ya tsela se botlhokwa thata mme e seng fela go netefatsa gore pharakano e elela sentle, fela le go thibela go kgweetsa go go botlhaswa go go ka bakang dikotsi tsa tsela. Go lebeletswe seno, thutopatlisiso ya ga jaana e nnile leeto la patlisiso go batlisisa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano kwa Windhoek (Namibia) malebana le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa tsela. Go fitlhelela maitlhomo a thutopatlisiso eno, mmatlisisi o tsere molebo wa patlisiso o o lebelelang mabaka go bona tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng go tswa mo batlhankeding ba pharakano malebana le maitemogelo a bona mo go fokotseng dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek. Ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go tlhopha sampole go ya ka maikemisetso a thutopatlisiso go supa bannileseabe ba patlisiso, mmatlisisi o ne a dirisa gape dipotsolotso tse di batlileng di rulagane go kaela dipotsolotso tsa gagwe le bannileseabe ba patlisiso. Bothata jo bo mo thutopatlisisong eno bo malebana le palo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela mo tikologong ya Windhoek. Magareng ga 2012 le 2016, Pegelo ya Sepodisi sa Namibia (2015/2016) e rekotile dikotsi di le 3 052 mo ditseleng tsa Namibia, moo batho ba le 5 289 ba gobetseng mme ba le 524 ba tlhokafetse. Maitsholo a bakgweetsi a a nyatsang melao le melawana ya pharakano, dikoloi tse di sa siamelang tsela mmogo le maemo a a sa siamang a ditsela di supilwe e le mabaka a magolo a a bakang dikotsi tsa tsela mme e le kgwetlho e kgolo mo batlhankeding ba pharakano. Dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano di malebana le tiragatso ya molao mo bakgweetsing ba ba kgweetsang ba nole nnotagi, tiragatso ya dipeelo tsa lebelo, palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba paterolang, palo e e tlhaelang ya dikhamera tse di tlhokomelang mabone a pharakano, dipaki tse di se nang tirisanommogo ka nako ya dikotsi tsa tsela gammogo le bobodu mo ntlheng ya badirammogo ba batlhankedi ba pharakano. Gore go fokodiwe kelo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek, thutopatlisiso eno e atlenegisa gore go okediwe ponagalo ya batlhankedi ba pharakano mo ditseleng, dipeelo le dikaedi tse di malebana le tlhatlhobo ya dikoloi malebana le go siamela go nna mo tseleng, megala e e sa duelelweng gore go begwe batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba tletseng bobodu, tirisanommogo magareng ga baamegi gammogo le mananeo a dipuodintsi a thuto ya ipabalelo tseleng. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Policing)

Historicamente o uso do álcool faz parte das tradições culturais da humanidade desde os tempos mais remotos, sendo considerado legal e aceito em muitas sociedades. Porém, a cultura da aceitação da combinação lazer e álcool e álcool e direção fizeram dos acidentes de trânsito uma das principais consequências do uso inadequado do produto em todo o mundo ocasionando sérias percussões socioeconômicas e de saúde. Este estudo objetivou conhecer e correlacionar o padrão habitual de consumo e o uso momentâneo de álcool a lesões por acidentes de trânsito que motivaram internações em Hospital Público Universitário de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por contato direto com os pacientes através de entrevistas, entre os meses de abril e novembro de 2013. Na amostra predominaram indivíduos jovens e adultos jovens (56,7%); idade média 33,9 anos; do gênero masculino (82,4%); não brancos (60,5%); não casados (59,5%); católicos (56,6%); procedentes do município (74,6%); de baixa escolaridade (47,0%) e renda (65,6%); trabalhadores de serviços gerais (53,4%); sem emprego regular (53,0%). As colisões (61,6%) foram o tipo de acidente mais comum; envolvendo principalmente motociclistas (74,9%). As segundas (18,3%), os finais de semana (30,1%); e a tarde (39,8%) os dias e turnos mais frequentes destes eventos. Das vítimas, 77,4% conduziam o veículo; 72,7% eram habilitadas; 56,3% há mais de 6 anos; 79,6% utilizavam equipamento de proteção. Fraturas (81,2%); de membros (84,0%); em especial inferiores (64,3%) se destacaram. Dos entrevistados, 22,6% haviam ingerido álcool antes do acidente; especialmente cerveja (84,1%); em quantidade >=a 4 doses (81,0%); no máximo 2 horas antes (79,3%). Destes, 46,0% eram trabalhadores de serviços gerais; 69,8% não regulares; 63,5% de baixa renda. Entre os que beberam, os acidentes ocorreram mais frequentemente nos finais de semana (52,4%); envolveram motociclistas (71,4%); condutores (81,0%); habilitados (63,5%); há mais de um ano (54,0%); utilizando equipamento de segurança (73,0%). Principalmente jovens entre 14 e 33 anos (43,0%); não brancos (28,7%); solteiros (44,6%); católicos (47,4%); com pouca escolaridade (48,0%) se mostraram os mais expostos ao risco de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito sob a influência de álcool. De acordo com o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, 41,6% da população, bebe de forma arriscada. Entre as mulheres, 75,5% faziam uso de álcool considerado de baixo risco; dos homens, 45,2% eram bebedores de risco. Entre os consumidores de risco (41,6%), 58,6% tinham de 14 a 33 anos; 66,4% dos trabalhadores não qualificados eram bebedores de risco. Dos trabalhadores regulares 39,0%; dos não regulares 44,3%; e daqueles com baixa renda 43,3%, também foram identificados como bebedores de risco (AUDIT). Choque contra objetos fixos predominaram entre estes. Concluiu-se que acidentes de trânsito envolvendo álcool é um fenômeno relativamente comum; que o gênero é um fator preponderante no consumo de álcool, sendo superior em relação aos homens e que quanto menor a renda, a escolaridade e a idade, maior o risco destes acidentes. Este estudo fornece informações sobre indivíduos em situação de risco o que pode auxiliar no planejamento e na implementação de ações de enfrentamento dos fatores determinantes e condicionantes destes acidentes / Historically, the use of alcohol is a part of our culture since ancient times, being considered legal and accepted by many societies. However, the accepting culture of the combination of leisure, alcohol and driving turned car accidents into one of the main consequences of the inadequate use of alcohol in the whole world, leading to serious socio-economic and health consequences. This study aims to comprehend and correlate the standard and casual consumption of alcohol to the injuries from car accidents that led the victims to be hospitalized at the Hospital Publico Universitario in Uberlandia, Brazil. The data were collected through direct contact with the patients over interviews carried out between April and November 2013. In the sample, most subjects were young people and young adults (56.7%); had an average age of 33.9 years old; were male (82.4%); non-whites (60.5%); single (59.5%), Catholics (56.6%); born in the city of Uberlandia (74.6%); had low schooling (47.0%) and income (65.6%); worked with services that didn\'t require much qualification (53.4%); and had non-steady jobs (53.0%). The collisions (61.6%) were the most common type of accident, involving primarily motorcyclists (74.9%). They occurred at Mondays (18.3%); weekends (30.1%); and during the afternoon (39.8%); these were the days and most common shifts for these events. On the victims, 77.4% were driving the vehicle; 72.7% had a driver\'s license; 56.3% had the driver\'s license for over 6 years; and 79.6% were using protective gear. They suffered fractures (81.2%); of body members (84.0%); and especially on inferior members (64.3%). Among the interviewees, 22.6% had consumed alcohol before the accident; mostly beer (84.1%); in amounts >= than 4 doses (81.0%); at maximum of 2 hours before the accident (79.3%). Among these, 46.0% had jobs that didn\'t require much qualification; 63.5% had non-steady jobs and 63.5% were of low income. Among the ones that used alcohol, the accidents occurred most frequently during the weekends (52.4%); they involved motorcyclists (71.4%); and drivers in general (81.0%); on the drivers, 63.5% had a driver\'s license; 54.0% had it for over a year; and 73.0% of them were using protective gear. The victims were mostly young people between 14 and 33 years old (43.0%); non-whites (28.7%); single (44.6%); Catholics (47.4%); of low schooling (48.0%); and these subjects showed themselves to be most likely exposed to the risk of becoming involved in crashes under the influence of alcohol. According to the Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 41.6% of the population abuses alcohol. Among women, 75.5% consumed alcohol with moderation; contrary to that, among men, 45.2% were high risk consumers. Among the high risk consumers (41.6%), 58.6% had 14 to 33 years old; and 66.4% of the non-qualified employees were high risk consumers. Employees with steady jobs (39.0%); non-steady jobs 44.3%; and of low income 43.3%; were also identified as high risk consumers (AUDIT). Lastly, crashes against fixed obstacles in the road were predominant among these. It was concluded that crashes involving alcohol are a fairly common phenomenon; that the sex is a major factor when it comes to alcohol consumption; being superior among men, and also, the lowest the income, schooling and age, the higher the risks of accidents. This study provides information about subjects at risk, which could help in the planning and implementation of actions to fight the conditions and determinant factors to these accidents

Este trabalho analisa os impactos do novo Código de Trânsito Brasileiro no trânsito urbano e outros aspectos relacionados com o novo código. Para isso foram realizados estudos nas seguintes cidades: Ribeirão Preto (SP), São Carlos (SP), Araraquara (SP), Curitiba (PR) e Ponta Grossa (PR). São enfocados no estudo os seguintes principais tópicos: segurança viária, obediência dos usuários às leis e regras de trânsito, opinião pública sobre o novo código e sobre o sistema de trânsito e gestão do trânsito. Também é apresentado no trabalho uma análise comparativa dos sistemas de trânsito nas cidades estudadas, utilizando índices apropriados. Essa análise é complementada mediante a comparação com índices relativos a outras cidades. O novo Código de Trânsito Brasileiro tem a aprovação da grande maioria da população e tem apresentado resultados bastante satisfatórios no tocante a redução dos acidentes e das mortes no trânsito urbano. / The impacts of the new Brazillian Traffic Code at the urban traffic and others aspects related to the new code is analysed in this work. The following cities were analysed: Ribeirão Preto (SP), São Carlos (SP), Araraquara (SP), Curitiba (PR) and Ponta Grossa (PR). The main aims focussed are: traffic safety, users obedience to the laws and traffic norms, public opinion about the new code and about traffic system, traffic management, etc. lt also presented in this work a comparative analyses of the Traffic System at the studied cities, for that appropriate index are used. This analyses is complemented using the comparison with relatives indexs from others cities. The New Brazillian Traffic Code has the approval of the greatest number of the population and has presented very satisfactories results about the reduction of accidents and deaths at the urban traffic.

Esta tese tem por objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade da metodologia proposta pelo HCM-2000 (Highway Capacity Manual/ano 2000) para a determinação dos Níveis de Serviço nas Instalações para Pedestres. A tese apresenta a avaliação da qualidade de serviço das instalações para pedestres como instrumento que possibilite a inserção da escala do pedestre dentro da escala dos projetos viários e urbanos. A visão ergonômica (o ajuste das instalações para o ser humano) é fundamental para a caracterização da escala do pedestre. A metodologia tem a sua aplicabilidade comprovada, com o estudo de caso na cidade de São Paulo. O campo experimental da pesquisa foi a Zona Leste de São Paulo, devido as suas peculiaridades de espaço com potencial de ocupação e adensamento, com conseqüente exposição de pedestres aos acidentes. Com base nesta tese foram levantadas oito proposições para a cidade de São Paulo, que fazem parte deste trabalho. / This thesis purpose to verify the HCM 2000 (Highway Capacity Manual 2000) purposed methodology which evaluates the pedestrians facilities Level-of-Service in São Paulo city pedestrian s facilities. This thesis also introduces an evaluation from Level-of-Service determinations as a mean to insert the pedestrian scale into the urban projects scales. The ergonomics view (the human beings facilities adjustment) is essential to characterize the pedestrian scale. A study of case in São Paulo City confirmed this methodology appliance. This research took place in São Paulos East Side due to its potential peculiarities and high density occupation, which expose the pedestrians to several hazardous of accidents. Based in this research, there were elaborate eight proposals for São Paulo city.