In 2009 four men were trafficked from their native Bangladesh to work in the Scottish Highlands. They were promised jobs as professional chefs. Instead they were forced into modern-day slavery. This is their story.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-57)

The baculovirus Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) has two viral forms, budded virus (BV) and occlusion derived virus (ODV). The envelopment of these two viral forms occurs at different locations: BV acquires envelopes at the plasma membrane while ODV acquires envelopes in the nucleus. The two viral forms carry out different functions in the viral life cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate how viral envelope proteins sort/traffic to the nucleus. Of particular interest is BV/ODV E26 (E26). E26 is an envelope protein of both BV and ODV (Braunagel and Summers, 1994); therefore it must traffic to the plasma membrane and the nucleus during infection. Thus, E26 is a bi-directional trafficking protein, which interacts with membranes in both locations of the cell. As such it has been shown that there are several immunoreactive forms of E26 (Beniya, Braunagel, and Summers, 1998). The da26 gene produces at least 2 protein products of 26 and 28 kDa with different functions respectively, which correlate with localization, solubility, membrane association, and temporal requirements. The 28 kDa form is likely a soluble protein that interacts with transcriptional activators and DNA in the nucleus in the early stages of infection. A part of the 26 kDa population is a membrane bound form interacting with an integral membrane protein in the ER and likely functions as an INM sorting factor. The 26 kDa membrane bond form is also found in the inner nuclear membrane, intra-nuclear microvesicles, ODV envelopes, and ODV in the nucleus.

The following report describes the process by which the thesis documentary film, Complicit, was made by Michelle Nehme. The film is about domestic sex trafficking in the United States and centers around the story of one American-born survivor. The film also includes testimony from anti-trafficking leaders in Austin, TX. The report discusses the issue at large, the process behind researching, pre-production, production and post-production of the film, and the creative choices made around the film. The original treatment is included, as well as the script written for the narrative strand. The report also discusses the struggles the filmmaker faced with the dark themes and the complexity of the issue during the course of making the film. / text

The fishing industry is worth approximately $1.4 billion annually to the New Zealand economy, making seafood New Zealand's fifth largest export earner, and giving the industry as a whole a position of high importance to New Zealand. All is not well however. Recent events have exposed a sordid underside to this industry involving the abuse of labour of foreign fishermen at the hands of Korean boat owners, chartered by New Zealand companies to fish New Zealand waters. Since the introduction of the quota management system in the 1980s, the New Zealand fishing industry has had problems relating to the exploitation of migrant workers. In some instances, this exploitation appears to be manifested in the form of human trafficking. Adopting a socio-legal methodology, this thesis examines the facts that support claims of human trafficking of economically vulnerable fishers from countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines into New Zealand, where they are required to work in exploitative conditions upon foreign charter vessels in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone. Having established the argument for the existence of human trafficking in New Zealand's territory (a claim which has been consistently downplayed or denied by government officials) this thesis then examines the evolving nature of the legal obligations that have been placed upon the New Zealand government by international law. Combining these international obligations with standards of best practice that have been derived from an examination of three other jurisdictions - Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America - into a set of benchmark criteria, this thesis concludes with a critical assessment of the New Zealand anti-trafficking framework by these standards.

The tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and is necessary for angiogenesis and vascular stability. To date, the best characterized ligands for Tie-2 are Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Ang-1 has been identified as the main activating ligand for Tie-2 while the role of Ang-2 has been controversial since its discovery; some studies reported Ang-2 as a Tie-2 antagonist while others described Ang-2 as a Tie-2 agonist. The purpose of this thesis was to understand: (1) how the receptor Tie-2 is regulated by Ang-1 and Ang-2 in endothelial cells, (2) to compare the effects of Ang-1 and Ang-2, and (3) to determine the arrangement and distribution of Tie-2 in endothelial cells. The research presented in this thesis indicates that Tie-2 is arranged in variably sized clusters on the endothelial cell surface. Clusters of Tie-2 were expressed on all surfaces of cells: on the apical plasma membrane, on the tips of microvilli, and on the basolateral plasma membrane. When endothelial cells were stimulated with Ang-1, Tie-2 was rapidly internalized and degraded. Upon Ang-1 stimulation, Tie-2 localized to clathrin-coated pits on all surfaces of endothelial cells indicating that one pathway mediating Tie-2 internalization is through clathrin-coated pits. After activation of Tie-2, Ang-1 dissociates from the endothelial cell surface and accumulates in the surrounding medium. When experiments were repeated with Ang-2, it was discovered that Ang-2 induced all of the same effects on Tie-2 as Ang-1 but at a much reduced level and rate, indicating that Ang-2 likely functions as a partial agonist for Tie-2 in endothelial cells.

The aim of this paper is to examine how the Swedish implementation of the new trafficking laws may differ from the original intention from the UN and EU and if they are substandard due to poorly conducted law implementation. Or if it might be a victim of political symbolism, to win support and votes for the politicians in power from the people, a ”hollow showpiece” only meant to be shown off.   Trafficking is a relatively new phenomena and problem to be researched and discussed. This paper investigates the impact of the Palermo protocols international definition of the problem, the convention against organized crime presented by the European Union on the Swedish legal system and its action plan. A qualitative text analysis focusing on the discourse of the intentions behind the internationally presented legal documents and compared against the carrying out of said national objectives. In the end this is all contrasted against studies of law implementation and political symbolism.     The result shows that dispite the fact that a strong ”hands-on” action-plan implemented by the Swedish government was carried out at an early stage there has been no further action to follow up on the degree of education and spreading of information amongst the authorities meeting the people affected by this problem.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. / Prepared for: L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs. Bibliography: leaves 184-193. Also available online.

The way in which the concept 'human trafficking' has been constructed in the UK (in the words and actions of law enforcement bodies, state-funded NGOs and courts, for example) has changed significantly since the early 2000s. Yet legal and policy definitions of trafficking have remained largely consistent. This is surprising if we expect the state, through instruments like legislation and policy statements, to authoritatively define particular concepts and categories in a way that then shapes how others think and act. This did not happen - at least not straightforwardly - in the case of trafficking. What, then, was the state's contribution to the construction of 'human trafficking' in the UK? To answer that question, this thesis explores the three most significant state interventions relating to trafficking: a 2007 policy statement, a 2009 set of administrative rules and a 2015 piece of legislation. Each had different characteristics and was used in a different way. I argue that the state used these instruments not to authoritatively define 'human trafficking' but to shape already existing or incipient ideas and assumptions about trafficking. The state collated, codified and legitimised certain configurations of ideas and assumptions through the three instruments discussed. To place the state's activities in context, the thesis also investigates how the state first came to recognise 'human trafficking' as an issue and what influence the concepts and categories shaped by the state went on to have. The former is addressed through identifying the ideas and assumptions that fed into the state's early efforts and tracing their historical development. The latter is addressed through examining the ways in which actors who are engaged in implementing the concepts and categories shaped by the state have had to adapt their ideas and practices in order to do so.

Orientador: Nelson Pedro da Silva / Banca: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Denise Hernandes Tinoco / Resumo: O envolvimento de adolescentes e até crianças como trabalhadores no tráfico de drogas vem aumentando nas últimas décadas no Brasil, e quiçá no mundo. A globalização contribuiu para que isto ocorresse, concomitante a organização dessa forma de crime, promovendo lucros consideráveis, a ponto de ser concebido como o segundo grande negócio mundial, atrás apenas do tráfico de armas. Decorrência: o tráfico contribuiu para que os jovens passassem a serem vítimas e também autores de ações de violência relacionadas a esta atividade. Com o presente trabalho, analisamos como se articulam, na constituição subjetiva, o trabalho dos adolescentes no tráfico de drogas e a função paterna. Tivemos a pretensão, ainda, de compreender se eles tiveram, ao longo de sua história, referências de autoridade que contribuíram para entrarem nela. Os adolescentes escolhidos foram os pertencentes às camadas sociais de baixa renda e que eram considerados trabalhadores do tráfico de drogas. Realizamos um estudo de casos múltiplos, por meio de entrevistas/conversas com tais adolescentes. Utilizamos, para a análise das informações, a teoria psicanalítica, na perspectiva da psicanálise extramuros, a qual prioriza a análise de um fenômeno social, considerando o contexto onde este ocorre e seus desdobramentos na subjetividade humana. Os resultados obtidos nos levaram a concluir que, para eles, tal atividade é o caminho mais provável, em nossa cultura para conquistarem reconhecimento social e sentimento de pertença ao mundo adulto e à sociedade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The involvement of adolescents and even of children as workers in drug trafficking has been increasing in the last decades in Brazil, and perhaps in the world. Globalization has contributed for this to happen together with the organization of this type of crime, promoting considerable profit to such an extent that it is considered the world's second greatest business, only staying behind weapon trafficking. Consequence: this kind of traffic contributed so that the youth has become not only the victim but also the author of violent actions related to this activity. With the present work we analyze the articulation, in the subjective constitution, between the adolescents works in drug trafficking and the paternal function. We also had the pretension to comprehend if they had, throughout their history, authority references that contributed to their entry in this business. The chosen adolescents were the ones that had a low income and were considered illegal drug trade workers. We realized an study of multiple cases through talks/interviews with these adolescents. We used, for the analysis of the informations, psychoanalytic theory, in the extended psychoanalysis perspective, which gives priority to the analysis of a social phenomenon, considering the context in which it occurs and its unfolding in human subjectivity. The results obtained led us to conclude that, for them, this activity is the likely way in our society to achieve social recognition and a sense of pertaining in the adult world and in a consumerist society. Drug trafficking works as a symbolic anchor for the boys... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre