Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. DXN104862.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008. / Title from file title page. Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Denise Donnelly, Dawn Baunach, committee members. Electronic text (218 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 23, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-206).

In 2002, Canada ratified the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. Nearly a decade later, it released its first National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking, designated a government-led task force, and approved a budget specifically allocated for human trafficking initiatives and programming. The main objective of this thesis is to determine the kind of approach the Government of Canada has implemented to address the issue of international sex trafficking into Canada, to determine whether anything is exempted or neglected from this approach, and to explore what this could mean for victims of sex trafficking. I use a qualitative narrative analysis of the Canadian government’s publications on the issue of human trafficking including policy, programming, and research-related documents. The findings reveal that Canada has implemented an approach which emphasizes the safety and security of the country which is indicative of a narrative that frames international sex trafficking as a threat. These findings further reveal a negative impact of such framing on trafficking victims. In employing an approach which prioritizes the safety and security of the state, Canada neglects the notion that human trafficking violates a person’s human rights, overlooks a consideration of the root causes of trafficking, and under-prioritizes the notion of ‘victim’ despite the phenomenon continuing to produce new victims each year in Canada.

In 2002, Canada ratified the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. Nearly a decade later, it released its first National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking, designated a government-led task force, and approved a budget specifically allocated for human trafficking initiatives and programming. The main objective of this thesis is to determine the kind of approach the Government of Canada has implemented to address the issue of international sex trafficking into Canada, to determine whether anything is exempted or neglected from this approach, and to explore what this could mean for victims of sex trafficking. I use a qualitative narrative analysis of the Canadian government’s publications on the issue of human trafficking including policy, programming, and research-related documents. The findings reveal that Canada has implemented an approach which emphasizes the safety and security of the country which is indicative of a narrative that frames international sex trafficking as a threat. These findings further reveal a negative impact of such framing on trafficking victims. In employing an approach which prioritizes the safety and security of the state, Canada neglects the notion that human trafficking violates a person’s human rights, overlooks a consideration of the root causes of trafficking, and under-prioritizes the notion of ‘victim’ despite the phenomenon continuing to produce new victims each year in Canada.

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The aim of the thesis is to conduct an analysis of international law in relation to trafficking in women and children, from the perspective of various sources of law as well as various approaches used to deal with the issue. The question of the existence of a rule on the level of international customary law consisting in the prohibition of trafficking in women and children is especially significant. The problem of trafficking in women and children is a multi- dimensional issue encompassing more subsystems of international law, which gives rise to a question of the relation of the respective subsystems. The human rights law and criminal law approach complement each other in international legal instruments which deal with trafficking in women and children when their deficiencies are compensated for by the strengths of the other subsystem. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part presents the introduction into the problem of trafficking in women and children. This part explains the relation between the analysed problem and related phenomenon, clarifies key words used in the thesis, defines actors engaged in the process of trafficking in women and children and finally deals with factors which exercise influence on the enormous rise of trafficking in women and children in the present-day...

Prekyba žmonėmis ir prostitucija yra sudėtingas socialinis reiškinys, turintis gilias sąsajas su visuomenės vertybėmis, individo atsparumu įvairiems negatyviems socialiniams reiškiniams. Šis reiškinys ne tik sąlygojmas tam tikrų socialinių veiksnių, bet ir pats sukuria socialines, ekonomines bei fizines problemas. Aukų privataus gyvenimo ir tapatybės apsauga yra svarbi ne tik fiziniam saugumui užtikrinti atsižvelgiant į prekiautojų keliamą pavojų, bet ir siekiant išsaugoti galimybę jiems socialiai reintegruotis. Šio darbo tikslas yra per subjektyvias merginų, moterų patirtis atskleisti prekybos moterimis ir prostitucijos aukų pagalbos proceso ypatumus. Siekiant atskleisti prekybos moterimis ir prostitucijos aukų pagalbos proceso ypatumus, taikyta naratyvo strategija. Ši strategija padeda atskleisti tai, ko neįmanoma atlikti kitokių strategijų pagalba – pažvelgti į socialinius įvykius ir procesus iš vidaus, apibūdinti dalyvių patirtį. Duomenys buvo renkami naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, kai tyrimo dalyviams buvo pateikiamos atvirų esminių klausimų formuluotės, leidžiant savarankiškai atsakyti, nevaržant jų minties laisvės. Tyrime dalyvavo 5 nuo prekybos moterimis ir prostitucijos nukentėjusios merginos, moterys. Jų amžius nuo 18 metų iki 40 metų. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė pagalbos proceso ypatumus. Apgaulės ar prievartos būdu į prekybą moterimis ir prostituciją įtrauktos merginos, moterys atsiduria gyvenimo dugne. Teikiant pagalbą joms padeda įvairių sričių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The human trafficking and prostitution is a complex of social phenomenon with deep connections to the public values of the individual resistance to various unfortunate social phenomenon. This phenomenon is not only based on certain social factors, but also creates a social, economic and physical problems. Victim of privacy and identity protection is not only important for physical security taking into account risks to traffickers, but also to preserve their ability to reintegrate socially. The main aim of this thesis is a subjective experience of the investigation of trafficking in women and prostitution in support of victims of the process characteristics. To reveal the trade in women and prostitution in the victims helping process it was applied to narrative strategy. This strategy helps to reveal what other strategies do not help - to look at the social events and processes from the inside, to describe the experience of participants. Data were collected by using semi-structured interviews, the study participants were given the wording of key questions open, allowing self to respond, without restricting their freedom of thought. The study included 5 of trafficking in women and girls victims of prostitution, women. Their age from 18 years to 40 years. The results revelead the features of the aid process. Fraud orviolence into prostitucion, trafficking in women and girls involved, the women find themselves living at the bottom. The aid will help them to different fields... [to full text]

Thesis (M.A. (Health Social Science))--Mahidol University, 2008. / LICL has E-Thesis 0039 ; please contact computer services.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:46:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_rgd_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1099551 bytes, checksum: 38f667bb59715769295b5bfa7e1eb908 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o tráfico de pessoas para fins de exploração sexual comercial, no caso mulheres, como uma forma moderna de escravidão e de violação aos direitos humanos. A maioria das vítimas são aliciadas para a exploração sexual ou mão-de-obra escrava, roubadas de sua dignidade e liberdade. O tráfico de pessoas é uma violação de direitos humanos e um problema ligado à globalização e à desigualdade social, bem como a questões de gênero, raça e etnia. O fluxo intensificado de pessoas, capital e informação geram grandes oportunidades no desenvolvimento internacional, mas também criam riscos e abrem espaços para este tipo criminal organizado transnacional. Os criminosos lucram ao mesmo tempo em que atendem à demanda dos consumidores. Hoje é mais fácil traficar uma pessoa que no século passado, ou há duzentos anos. O tráfico de seres humanos é caracterizado pelo uso de força, coerção, fraude ou abuso de poder. A questão do tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial deverá ser enfrentada através do paradigma de direitos humanos, face a gravidade das violações empregadas neste tipo de crime. Temos a responsabilidade de, em nome da dignidade da pessoa humana, erradicar esse fenômeno criminoso que afeta especialmente as mais desfavorecidas, que se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade em razão da pobreza, desigualdade de gênero e de raça e do desenvolvimento assimétrico entre os países e entre as diferentes regiões dentro do mesmo território. O tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual comercial é uma forma ignóbil de exploração humana, que precisa ser enfrentada de forma organizada nacional e transnacionalmente. / The purpose of this research was to study the trafficking of people with the aim of commercial sexual exploration, in the event of women, as a modern form of slavery and human rights violation. Most of the victims are incited to sexual exploration or slavery labour, taken from their dignity and liberty. The trafficking of people is a violation of human rights and a problem associated with globalization and the social unevenness, as well as the specific issues, race and class. The intensified number of people, fund and information, generates great opportunities in international development but also brings risks and gives chances for this transnational organized crime. At the same time, the criminals make profit while they supply the consumers demand. It is easier to traffick a person nowadays than trafficking a person in the last century, or two hundred years ago. Human trafficking is characterized by the use of power, coercion, fraud or the abuse of power. The problem of the trafficking in women with the intention of commercial sexual exploration should be faced through the human rights paradigm, in contrast with the gravity of the violation exerted on this type of crime. We have the responsibility of, in the name of human dignity, eradicate this criminal phenomenon that affects mainly the most disfavored people, which find themselves in vunerable conditions due to poverty, race and class unevenness and the asymmetric development among countries and different regions within the same territory. The trafficking of women with the aim of commercial sexual exploration is an ignoble way of human exploration, which needs to be faced as a transnational organized condition.

Non esistono dati statistici certi sul numero totale di donne nigeriane trafficate annualmente in Italia ed introdotte nel mercato del sesso. Di fronte a questo ampio numero oscuro, bisogna porsi delle domande: cosa succede alla vittima di tratta quando non trova alcuna forma di aiuto o assistenza sociale? Cosa avviene quando non riesce ad uscire dal mercato del sesso? Secondo testimoni diretti e fonti ufficiali, tra le attuali madams vi sono anche ex vittime che hanno fatto carriera nella gerarchia della tratta e dentro le organizzazioni criminali. La mobilità femminile verso il lato gestionale di questo crimine rappresenta la caratteristica più rilevante della tratta di matrice nigeriana: vale a dire, le vittime sono condotte nel corso del tempo a svolgere una parte attiva nel complesso progetto criminale. Questo elemento distintivo al modello nigeriano richiede un’analisi approfondita, tramite nuovi approcci intesi a sottolineare: a) le aree grigie del mercato della tratta; b) i ruoli intermedi che gli individui ricoprono all'interno del modello vittima/reo; c) la mobilità femminile nella gerarchia dei gruppi criminali. Attraverso metodi di stampo antropologico, questo contributo intende effettuare una analisi più approfondita sui molteplici ruoli delle donne nel mercato della tratta umana. / There are not clear figures regarding the group of Nigerian women who are lured annually in the sex market in Italy. Facing such a dark number, several questions on the lives of these unknown women arise: What happens to the trafficking victims who do not find any form of social aid or assistance? What happens when the former trafficked women are not able to exit from the trade industry? According to eyewitness accounts as well as official sources, some current madams were trafficked women in the past. They made a career in the trafficking hierarchy and its organised crime groups. The female mobility towards the organisational side of the trafficking offence represents the most striking characteristic of Nigerian trade industry; that is, the victims are included by their persecutors as active part of a more complex criminal project. Such a distinctive element of Nigerian criminal model needs to be analysed through new approaches aimed at highlighting: a) the grey areas in the trade industry; b) the intermediate roles within the victim/offender model; c) the female vertical mobility in the trafficking hierarchy. Through an ethnographic methodological framework, this study wants to analyse the multiple female roles in the trafficking industry.