The theoretical component of professional training for counselling psychologists is recognised, if not assumed, to be important by those in the field. Currently, several models of therapy are taught to trainees, each with its own theoretical approach to understanding and working in the therapeutic setting. This study considered the helpfulness of theory in practice and explored this with the research question ‘how do trainees make sense of their emotional responses to clients in practice, and what is the impact of theory on the way they make sense of this experience’. Twelve counselling psychologists in the final stages of training participated in semi-structured interviews with the researcher. A grounded theory analysis found eight categories in total. The overarching category, ‘the trainee’s relationship with theory’, indicated that theoretical learning was a social process that became incorporated into trainees’ developing professional identities, and that it evolved during the course of their training. The impacts of theory were found to be both helpful and problematic, and identifiable in four categories: ‘theory reveals the trainee’s experience’, ‘theory conceals the trainee’s experience’, ‘theory raises uncertainty in the trainee’, and, ‘the trainee’s inability to perceive the impact of theory’. The remaining three categories ‘the trainee’s personal and professional development’, ‘the nature of the trainee’s relationships’, and ‘relieving the impact of the trainee’s experience’ described factors influencing trainees’ relationship with theory, and the degree to which each impact category was experienced. The research findings open dialogue about: the disadvantages (alongside the advantages) of using one’s reflective practice. These implications are discussed.

Initiation as a rite of passage is strongly linked to the history and practice of psychotherapy and counselling psychology. The absence of recent studies on this topic encourages research in this area. This research investigates the initiation experiences of seven female participants as they became qualified as psychotherapists and counselling psychologists, i.e. in their ‘becoming a therapist’. Data were collected through open-ended interviews, and narratives analysed using the interpretive-constructivist version of grounded theory developed by Charmaz. The emerged grounded theory (considered a preliminary theory due to the limited number of participants) highlights the interplay between two fundamental agencies of the self: Being and Doing. Their interaction allows female therapists to engage in several inner and outer tasks affecting the shaping of their sense of self. The theory highlights a dynamic and non-linear process of identity transformation and shows how female therapists relate to transitions and changes on a personal and professional level. The emerged theory is relevant and informative for the current practice of counselling psychology, as it emphasises the importance of female therapists' personal and professional development. By considering the psychological impact and influence of initiation, it highlights how the process of female therapists' becoming unfolds and shows how this can serve their clinical practice.

A profissão e formação do psicólogo vêm sendo discutidas na literatura, assim como o papel do profissional de Psicologia junto à sociedade brasileira, principalmente, a partir de 1975, publicação do estudo pioneiro de Sylvia Leser de Mello. Naquela época, demonstrava-se a preocupação existente em torno das áreas de aplicação da Psicologia e suas funções sociais, mostrando a escassa participação de profissionais fora da clínica. Também se apontava a inadequação do Ensino Superior, que tinha um caráter excessivamente teórico. A crítica ao papel da instituição universitária na formação continua presente em vários estudos mais atuais relativos a este tema. Atualmente, os estudos abordam desde necessidades sociais e o significado social da atuação do psicólogo, até discussões sobre as relações entre concepções ou imagens do psicólogo com o currículo de formação e o efeito sobre a atuação. Alguns autores questionam as formas cristalizadas de saber, que excluem o aluno do processo de construção do conhecimento e impedem a politização do que foi aprendido. Os objetivos deste trabalho consistem em identificar as concepções e relatos de experiências vividas de alunos de Psicologia a respeito de seu curso e sua formação, visando compreender um pouco melhor este universo amplo que gera relevante mobilização no meio acadêmico da Psicologia. Os participantes da pesquisa são estudantes de terceiro a quinto ano de graduação de Psicologia de uma Universidade Pública. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados são entrevistas individuais, que oferecem temas como disparadores de uma associação por parte dos estudantes e entrevistas em Grupos Focais. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, em uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados demonstram críticas dos alunos com relação à carga horária mal distribuída do curso, às aulas pouco satisfatórias, à falta de prática e excesso de teoria descontextualizada nos primeiros anos de formação, além da desarticulação entre os professores e do conteúdo do curso. Os alunos também apontam a necessidade de transformação do sistema de avaliação que deve conter maior coerência e sentido. Sobre o curso em geral, afirmam que é um espaço subjetivo e valorizam as experiências fora de sala de aula. Além disso, relatam sobre um modo de ser próprio do psicólogo que surge ao longo da formação e da necessidade de um espaço que deveria ser oferecido pela instituição universitária aos alunos para o acolhimento e elaboração de suas dificuldades relacionadas ao curso. Os dados permitem a confirmação de algumas constatações da literatura e discordam de outras. Além disso, permitem uma reflexão da análise da instituição e de suas relações em detrimento da análise apenas de situações pontuais. Assim, foi possível concluir que os alunos demonstram insatisfação com aspectos centrais do curso, tais como: aulas, avaliações, carga horária, conteúdos, atividade prática e a inexistência de um serviço de apoio psicológico dirigido aos próprios estudantes. Estes elementos apontam para uma necessidade de transformação por parte da instituição, visando não somente uma modificação isolada dos aspectos citados, mas a criação de espaços de análise da instituição como um todo. / The profession and training of psychologists have been discussed in literature, as well as the role of psychologists inside Brazilian society, particularly, from 1975, when was published a pioneering study of Sylvia Leser de Mello. At that time, there were concerns around the areas of application of Psychology and its social functions, showing the limited participation of professionals outside the clinic. It was also pointed out the inadequacy of graduation at university, which had a character too theoretical. The critical role of the university graduating continues lately in several studies on this subject. Currently, there are the studies that show the social needs and social significance of the role of psychologist, and also studies that discuss relations between the concepts or images of psychologist, comparing them to the curriculum and the effect on performance. Some authors criticize the crystallized knowledge, which exclude the student of the construction of this knowledge and obstruct the politicization of what was learned. The objectives of this study are to identify the concepts and reports of experiences of students of Psychology about their course and their training, aiming to understand a little better this universe that generates relevant broad mobilization in the midst of academic psychology. The Participants of the survey are students of the third to fifth year of graduation of Psychology of a public university. The procedures for data collection are personal interviews and Focal Groups interviews. For the analysis of data, it was used Content Analysis, in a qualitative way. The results show critical of students about the working hours and its distribution across the course, the students also criticized the unsatisfactory lessons and the lack of practice and excess of theory out of context in the first years of graduation, in addition to the disconnection between the teachers and the content of the course. Students also suggest the need for transformation of the system of assessment, which should contain greater coherence. About the course in general, they say that it is a subjective space and they also value the experiences outside the classroom. Moreover, the students report that exists a style of the psychologists who comes along the graduation and a need for a space that should be offered to students by the university for the development of their host and difficulties related to the course. The data allows the confirmation of some findings of literature and disagrees with others. It also reflects an analysis of the institution and its relations contrasting to the analysis of isolated situations. It was possible to conclude that students demonstrate dissatisfaction with some important aspects of the course, such as: classes, evaluations, working hours, content, practical activity and the lack of a service of psychological support for those students themselves. These factors point to a need for the institution to promote a transformation, seeking not only a change isolated from this, but the creation of spaces for analysis of the institution as a whole.

A profissão e formação do psicólogo vêm sendo discutidas na literatura, assim como o papel do profissional de Psicologia junto à sociedade brasileira, principalmente, a partir de 1975, publicação do estudo pioneiro de Sylvia Leser de Mello. Naquela época, demonstrava-se a preocupação existente em torno das áreas de aplicação da Psicologia e suas funções sociais, mostrando a escassa participação de profissionais fora da clínica. Também se apontava a inadequação do Ensino Superior, que tinha um caráter excessivamente teórico. A crítica ao papel da instituição universitária na formação continua presente em vários estudos mais atuais relativos a este tema. Atualmente, os estudos abordam desde necessidades sociais e o significado social da atuação do psicólogo, até discussões sobre as relações entre concepções ou imagens do psicólogo com o currículo de formação e o efeito sobre a atuação. Alguns autores questionam as formas cristalizadas de saber, que excluem o aluno do processo de construção do conhecimento e impedem a politização do que foi aprendido. Os objetivos deste trabalho consistem em identificar as concepções e relatos de experiências vividas de alunos de Psicologia a respeito de seu curso e sua formação, visando compreender um pouco melhor este universo amplo que gera relevante mobilização no meio acadêmico da Psicologia. Os participantes da pesquisa são estudantes de terceiro a quinto ano de graduação de Psicologia de uma Universidade Pública. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados são entrevistas individuais, que oferecem temas como disparadores de uma associação por parte dos estudantes e entrevistas em Grupos Focais. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, em uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados demonstram críticas dos alunos com relação à carga horária mal distribuída do curso, às aulas pouco satisfatórias, à falta de prática e excesso de teoria descontextualizada nos primeiros anos de formação, além da desarticulação entre os professores e do conteúdo do curso. Os alunos também apontam a necessidade de transformação do sistema de avaliação que deve conter maior coerência e sentido. Sobre o curso em geral, afirmam que é um espaço subjetivo e valorizam as experiências fora de sala de aula. Além disso, relatam sobre um modo de ser próprio do psicólogo que surge ao longo da formação e da necessidade de um espaço que deveria ser oferecido pela instituição universitária aos alunos para o acolhimento e elaboração de suas dificuldades relacionadas ao curso. Os dados permitem a confirmação de algumas constatações da literatura e discordam de outras. Além disso, permitem uma reflexão da análise da instituição e de suas relações em detrimento da análise apenas de situações pontuais. Assim, foi possível concluir que os alunos demonstram insatisfação com aspectos centrais do curso, tais como: aulas, avaliações, carga horária, conteúdos, atividade prática e a inexistência de um serviço de apoio psicológico dirigido aos próprios estudantes. Estes elementos apontam para uma necessidade de transformação por parte da instituição, visando não somente uma modificação isolada dos aspectos citados, mas a criação de espaços de análise da instituição como um todo. / The profession and training of psychologists have been discussed in literature, as well as the role of psychologists inside Brazilian society, particularly, from 1975, when was published a pioneering study of Sylvia Leser de Mello. At that time, there were concerns around the areas of application of Psychology and its social functions, showing the limited participation of professionals outside the clinic. It was also pointed out the inadequacy of graduation at university, which had a character too theoretical. The critical role of the university graduating continues lately in several studies on this subject. Currently, there are the studies that show the social needs and social significance of the role of psychologist, and also studies that discuss relations between the concepts or images of psychologist, comparing them to the curriculum and the effect on performance. Some authors criticize the crystallized knowledge, which exclude the student of the construction of this knowledge and obstruct the politicization of what was learned. The objectives of this study are to identify the concepts and reports of experiences of students of Psychology about their course and their training, aiming to understand a little better this universe that generates relevant broad mobilization in the midst of academic psychology. The Participants of the survey are students of the third to fifth year of graduation of Psychology of a public university. The procedures for data collection are personal interviews and Focal Groups interviews. For the analysis of data, it was used Content Analysis, in a qualitative way. The results show critical of students about the working hours and its distribution across the course, the students also criticized the unsatisfactory lessons and the lack of practice and excess of theory out of context in the first years of graduation, in addition to the disconnection between the teachers and the content of the course. Students also suggest the need for transformation of the system of assessment, which should contain greater coherence. About the course in general, they say that it is a subjective space and they also value the experiences outside the classroom. Moreover, the students report that exists a style of the psychologists who comes along the graduation and a need for a space that should be offered to students by the university for the development of their host and difficulties related to the course. The data allows the confirmation of some findings of literature and disagrees with others. It also reflects an analysis of the institution and its relations contrasting to the analysis of isolated situations. It was possible to conclude that students demonstrate dissatisfaction with some important aspects of the course, such as: classes, evaluations, working hours, content, practical activity and the lack of a service of psychological support for those students themselves. These factors point to a need for the institution to promote a transformation, seeking not only a change isolated from this, but the creation of spaces for analysis of the institution as a whole.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PabloSS_TESE.pdf: 1766714 bytes, checksum: 68dee0bbc26a2b796428f492c6dc9adc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Criticism done to the undergraduate training process of the psychologist in Brazil raised debates known as "dilemmas of training". In recent years the classic training model, based on the Minimum Curriculum has undergone a series of changes after the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN), modifying the context of courses. Thus, this paper aimed to investigate, in a post- DCN context how undergraduate courses in Psychology in Brazil have been dealing with the dilemmas of training. So, we decided to analyze the Course Pedagogical Projects (CPPs) of Psychology in the country. Forty CPPs, selected by region, academic organization and legal status were collected. The data was grouped into three blocks of discussions: theoretical, philosophical and pedagogical foundations; curriculum emphases and disciplines; and professional practices. The results were grouped into four sets of dilemmas: a) ethical and political; b) theoreticalepistemological; c) professional practice of the psychologist and d) academic-scientific. Courses claim a socially committed, generalist, pluralistic training, focusing on research, non-dissociation of teaching-research-extension, interdisciplinary training and defending a vision of man and of critical and reflective and non-individualistic psychology. The curriculum keeps the almost exclusive teaching of the classical areas of traditional fields of applied Psychology. Training is content based. The clinic is hegemonic, both in theory and in application fields. The historical debate is scarce and themes linked to the Brazilian reality are missing, despite having social policies present in the curricula. Currently, DCNs have a much greater impact on courses due to the influence of the control agencies, fruit of current educational policy, and the result is felt in the homogenization of curriculum discourses / As cr?ticas feitas ao processo formativo graduado do psic?logo no Brasil fizeram surgir debates conhecidos por dilemas da forma??o . Nos ?ltimos anos o modelo formativo cl?ssico, baseado no Curr?culo M?nimo passou por uma s?rie de transforma??es ap?s as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN), modificando o contexto dos cursos. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva investigar, em um contexto p?s-DCN, como os cursos de gradua??o em Psicologia no Brasil tem lidado com os dilemas da forma??o. Para tanto, optou-se por analisar os Projetos Pedag?gicos de Curso (PPCs) de Psicologia no pa?s. Foram coletados 40 PPCs, selecionados por regi?o, organiza??o acad?mica e natureza jur?dica. As informa??es coletadas foram agrupadas em tr?s blocos de discuss?es: fundamentos te?ricos, filos?ficos e pedag?gicos; ?nfases curriculares e disciplinas e; pr?ticas profissionais. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro conjuntos de dilemas: a) ?ticos e pol?ticos; b) te?rico-epistemol?gico; c) pr?tica profissional do psic?logo e d) acad?mico-cient?ficos. Os cursos reivindicam uma forma??o compromissada socialmente, generalista, pluralista, foco em pesquisa, defesa da indissociabilidade entre ensino-pesquisa-extens?o, forma??o interdisciplinar e defesa de uma vis?o de homem e de Psicologia cr?tica e reflexiva e n?o-individualizante. Os curr?culos mant?m o ensino quase que exclusivo das ?reas cl?ssicas, dos campos tradicionais da Psicologia aplicada. A forma??o ? conteudista. A cl?nica ? hegem?nica, tanto na teoria como nos campos de aplica??o. O debate hist?rico ? escasso e s?o ausentes os temas ligados ? realidade brasileira, apesar das pol?ticas sociais estarem presentes nos curr?culos. Atualmente, as DCNs t?m um impacto muito maior nos cursos devido ? influ?ncia das ag?ncias de controle, frutos da pol?tica educacional atual, e o resultado disso ? sentido na homogeneiza??o dos discursos dos curr?culos

Text in Afrikaans / It is alarming that psychologists are in many cases insufficiently trained with regard to homosexuality. Against this background and on the basis of a literature study and empirical research, this study aims to provide guidelines to educational psychologists on working with homosexual clients. Within the Educational Psychology, a person's self actualisation rests on three pilars, namely experience, meaning assignation and involvement. The premise of the qualitative research (focus group interviews) used in this study is homosexual persons' experience of psychologists - the investigation was therefore approached from an Educational Psychology viewpoint. Altogether 75% of the focus group respondents' experience of psychologists was negative. The possibility exists that insufficient training may cause insufficient knowledge and insight, which in turn may lead to homosexual persons' negative experiences of psychologists. It is therefore imperative that the aspect of training of psychologists with regard to homosexuality will receive attention. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

Text in Afrikaans / It is alarming that psychologists are in many cases insufficiently trained with regard to homosexuality. Against this background and on the basis of a literature study and empirical research, this study aims to provide guidelines to educational psychologists on working with homosexual clients. Within the Educational Psychology, a person's self actualisation rests on three pilars, namely experience, meaning assignation and involvement. The premise of the qualitative research (focus group interviews) used in this study is homosexual persons' experience of psychologists - the investigation was therefore approached from an Educational Psychology viewpoint. Altogether 75% of the focus group respondents' experience of psychologists was negative. The possibility exists that insufficient training may cause insufficient knowledge and insight, which in turn may lead to homosexual persons' negative experiences of psychologists. It is therefore imperative that the aspect of training of psychologists with regard to homosexuality will receive attention. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.

Aim: The existing literature on the experiences of individuals who have undertaken Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as part of their doctoral Clinical Psychology training in the UK is scarce, particularly from the perspective of qualitative peer research. The aim of the present study was to construct and articulate a deeper account of such experiences, and in particular, to explore how individuals make sense of these experiences. It is hoped that the findings of the present study will increase awareness within Clinical Psychology training programmes of the experiences, perspectives and needs of trainees who undertake PBL. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Trainee Clinical Psychologists who have undertaken PBL at a Clinical Psychology training programme in South-East England. Their accounts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), which endeavours to illuminate the lived experiences of small samples of individuals who have experienced a particular phenomenon. Results: The analytic procedure highlighted four main themes emerging within participants’ accounts: Intensity of the experience; Striving towards connection versus fear of disconnection; Responses to manage the experience(s) can be unhelpful and helpful; and Trying to make sense of PBL. Implications: Participants characterised PBL as a challenging yet invaluable process through which they made significant gains, both professionally and personally. Facilitators were noted to play a key role in helping to create safe spaces in which trainees are supported to engage with issues that may arise for them in relation to their professional and personal development. Implications and recommendations are outlined for the benefit of Clinical Psychology training programmes that may wish to incorporate or alter PBL within their syllabuses.