A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial of the requirements for course-work Master of Arts degree in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1999. / The investigation has sought to establish if the people already involved in the tourism industry have undergone any training. If not in which areas do they feel they need training. These areas or aspects in which they fed they need to be trained in, constitute Tourism Training Needs. The investigation has also sought to establish the focus of Tourism Training Programmes in the two institutions, Damelin and Manpower Services Commission Private Colleges, found in the Newcastle Local Council Areas. It has further purported to establish whether these Tourism Training Programmes adequately equip students with all the skills and expertise valuable to the tourism industry job market. A descriptive survey has been chosen for use in this investigation. Data has been gathered through the use of questionnaires and interview schedules. Two sets of questionnaires with structured questions have been designed for the Frontline Staff and Tourism Students. Three sets of interview schedules have been designed containing semi-structured questions by which the interviewer has probed the interviewees. Tourism establishments and facilities from which respondents have been drawn have been selected on the basis that they have been within a ten kilometre radius from the Newcastle Central Business District (CBD) and have been accommodating five tourists and more. This investigation has established that the majority of the Frontline already in the industry are lacking in training and as such they have recommended the establishment of Department of Education and Training for Tourism, Tourism Training Needs have been found to exist and amongst others are communication skills, conflict resolution skills, hospitality skills, hygiene skills, public relations skills and serving skills. The investigation has further established that training (of whichever form/kind) so long as it is related to tourism, has great impact on the Marketing and Service Quality of the tourism establishment and facilities. Management has been found to have been trained in Non-Tourism management and consequently they feel they need contextualized management training, that is, Tourism Training Management. The researcher has discovered that Tourism Training Programmes of the two institutions (Damelin and MSC College) focus on Travel Tourism and train students to be employees in the Travel Agencies and Tour Operation Companies.

Polluted runoff has been widely recognized by environmental scientists and regulators as the single largest threat to water quality in the United States. Contractor training and certification are among the four main Best Management Practices that the Environmental Protection Agency recommends to assist contractors in complying with Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems requirements that regulate construction sites stormwater runoff. The focus of the study is the review of training requirements for construction activities and stormwater permitting requirements in the states of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The review of the various training and certification requirements for the study states indicates the appropriateness and timeliness for the development and implementation of a model standard stormwater, erosion and sediment control training and certification program for contractors of construction sites of one acre or larger in Desoto County Mississippi to minimize stormwater pollution from construction sites.

The purpose of this study is to determine the present status of the principals in Texas secondary school having an enrollment of 250 or more. The data were gathered from 147 principals in Texas high schools having an enrollment of 250 or more and the study made recommendations that are needed as found by comparison with the standards set up by eminent authorities.

The effects of either 12-wk of high-intensity endurance or resistance training on resting metabolic rate (RMR) were investigated in 47 males aged 18-35 y. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control (C), resistance- trained (RT) or endurance-trained (ET) group. After training both exercise groups showed significant declines in relative body fat either by reducing their total fat weight and maintaining fat-free weight (ET) or by reducing their total fat weight and increasing fat-free weight (RT). RMR did not significantly change after either training regimen although a small decline in energy intake was observed along with an increase in energy expenditure [ET, 2.721 MJ (650 kcal) per training day]. These results suggest that both endurance and resistance training may help to prevent an attenuation in RMR normally observed during extended periods of negative energy balance (energy intake < expenditure) by either preserving or increasing a person's fat-free weight.

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There is conflict between recognized Strength and Conditioning professionals and organizations regarding the most effective methods of teaching the power clean weight training exercise. The area of greatest conflict is related to the effectiveness of whether to specifically introduce and segmentally practice the Double Knee Bend technique or not. Sixty collegiate football players with novice power clean experience were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) a group in which the double knee bend technique was taught and practiced segmentally (DKB); (2) a group which was instructed in the same way as the DKB group except that the double knee bend was not specifically taught or practiced segmentally(NDKB), and (3) a control group (CG) which was exposed to an orientation session similar to the first two groups, but was not specifically instructed in the power clean technique. Subjects in all three groups were video taped performing the power clean with a standardized weight both prior to and following a seven week training session. Each video taped trial was randomly assigned to an expert reviewer for qualitative analysis in a blind review. Reviewers rated the three upward movement phases as well as the total upward movement phase of the lift using a published check list and rated the performance from one to five with five being the best technique. The result of the ANOVA and a Scheefe test showed that the two treatment groups both demonstrated significant improvement pre to post test in the power clean technique p<0.01. The control group did not significantly improve over the course of the same training period. In comparing the two treatment groups, the between groups analysis (DKB) and (NDKB) were not significantly different. These results suggest that the double knee technique does not need to be specifically taught or segmentally practiced in order to improve power clean technique among college football players with novice power clean experience. / Ed. D.

The purposes of this study were to (a) establish a profile of the current training practices of selected businesses and industries in Southwest Virginia; (b) identify the type of training methods these companies are choosing -- such as traditional classroom training or web-based training programs, and (c) identify how the training methods are selected. This profile established baseline data for current business and industry employee training programs. The population of this study included every business and industry that had participated in workforce development programs provided by community colleges located in the southwest region of Virginia in 2001 and 2002. The researcher developed an Internet-based survey instrument and solicited data from 205 organizations. Descriptive analyses were used to organize, summarize, and describe the data collected from all participants; specifically frequencies of responses to individual survey items were reported. Of the 205 organizations surveyed, 88 returned a questionnaire giving an overall response rate of 42.9%. The results showed that manufacturing was the most represented industry, most participants held a management position, and most worked in the human resources department. The majority of businesses expected some type of increase in their training programs within the next year. Nearly all indicated that they use classroom-based training programs, and a substantial number indicated using videotapes, self-study materials, computer software or CD-ROMS, and web-based training methods. Many of the participants said that they offer training for skill development in the areas of computer applications, technical skills and knowledge, communication skills, and safety procedures. Lastly, cost, flexibility, perceived value, and timeliness of the program were criteria rated as most influential in the decision to use a particular training method. / Ph. D.

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