Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_pa_dr_rcla.pdf: 3816725 bytes, checksum: 8cca116304bea16c54e290faec6e7c20 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A implantação de uma colônia agrícola causa mudanças significativas no espaço por ela ocupado, sobretudo quando essa implantação acontece em uma área ainda coberta por vegetação natural. A Colônia Agrícola Nacional de Dourados CAND, implantada à partir de 1950, no sul do então estado de Mato Grosso, causou alterações profundas na paisagem local, principalmente mudanças ambientais. A vegetação original foi retirada, lavouras e pastagem foram implantadas, formaram-se povoados que rapidamente se transformaram em cidades sedes de municípios. Nos primeiros anos de colonização, a economia, baseada, sobretudo, na agricultura e na extração de madeira, movimentou o comércio e mostrou um certo dinamismo para a região. Num segundo momento, o esgotamento dos recursos naturais provocou decadência da lavoura em parte da área, onde predominam os solos Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) e Argissolo Vermelho (PV). A presente pesquisa pretendeu analisar esse processo de colonização nos municípios de Fátima do Sul, Glória de Dourados e Deodápolis, os três oriundos da área de colonização da CAND. Partiu-se da hipótese de que o modelo de colonização implantado nessa região não cumpriu com o seu objetivo, que era o de fixar a população na área, e acabou provocando graves problemas de degradação do meio ambiente, o que foi confirmado pelos resultados do estudo. / The implantation of an agricultural colony provokes significant changes in the space it occupies, above all when that implantation happens in an area still covered by natural vegetation. National Agricultural Colony of Dourados-CAND, implanted since 1950, in the south of the state of Mato Grosso, caused deep alterations in the local landscape, mainly environmental changes. The original vegetation was removed, farmings and pasture were implanted, towns were formed that quickly became cities, headquarters of municipal districts. In the first years of colonization, the economy, based, above all, in the agriculture and in the wood extraction, moved the trade and showed a certain dynamism. In a second moment, the exhaustion of the natural resources provoked the decadence of the farming in part of the area, where Latosol Red distrófico (LVd) end Red Argissolo (PV) prevailed. The present research intended to analyze that colonization process in the municipal districts of Fátima do Sul, Glória de Dourados and Deodápolis, the three of them originated from the area of colonization of CAND. The hypothesis of the study was that the colonization model implanted in that area didn't accomplish its objective, which was to keep the population bound to the area, and it ended up causing serious problems of degradation of the environment, what was confirmed by the results of the study.

1 ABSTRACT The work deals with the infiltration process and the emphyteutic law evidence in the Čáslav province in the Middle ages. This area can be delimitated with the range of the Iron Mountains from the north, and then with the river Sázava from the south. Several significant territorial suzerains (authorities) acted here such as Vilémov monastery, Sedlec monastery and Želivka monastery, especially significant was the colonization activity of the Lichtenberk family which was developing in the area from the half of the 13th century. The Lichtenberks came to the area from north-western Bohemia, from the contact area of the Czech state, where their relatively early-ripening emphyteutic contracts are documented, and infiltration of early forms of the German law is presumed in general. This medieval law, sometimes designated as "stable and firm" in written sources, was brought from the area of present western Europe (also form the Netherlands) by new settlers, colonists who were bringing with them excluding new knowledge of landscape cultivation (drainage, forest transformation into fields) also juridical habits, which were used to adjust legislative relations while establishing villages. They were not only farmers, but they were also other specialists, mainly miners who brought with them technologies of...

Electric consumption worldwide is projected to sharply increase in the coming decades, driven by population growth and the electrification of more and more human activities, like transportation, communication, industry, and housing. Electricity is thus becoming central to modern society. Most optimistic forecasts suggest that, by 2050, production will be primarily based on renewable energy sources, with the aim of achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The construction of the necessary infrastructure for this energy transition, such as solar and wind farms, is shaping significant economic, political, and social transformations, while also deeply influencing landscape quality and territorial configuration. Natural resources like the sun or wind do not recognize political borders, historical boundaries of regions or countries. On the contrary, they introduce a new dimension of a continuous, anonymous geography that blurs the conventional concept of borders. One of the aspects generally emphasised with the installation of solar and wind farms concerns their visual impact, and are emblematic of problems associated with the construction of extensive power plants in natural landscapes. Their construction consumes hundreds of hectares of land and significantly alters the skyline. However, these concerns seem to overshadow a more significant issue: the homogenization of territories as they repeat a single solution across the globe, even when the conditions of the sites are completely different. The technical design is an oversimplification of the problem, resulting in a single technology that is designed and implemented to varied scenarios without adapting to local conditions. The system components of this infrastructure are few in number and completely disregard the previous configuration of the territory and the problems traditionally associated with architecture. The built infrastructure of these plants severs any connection with the landscape and memory, it is devoid of any sense of place that evolved in response to historical development and the particular local idiosyncrasies. Traditional constructions, regardless of their technological development, were based on local techniques and materials, evolving with accrued intergenerational experience, with mutual their territory, technology, and architecture were intrinsically. The new renewable energy infrastructure also represents an unprecedented global imposition without the consensus of the local population, rapidly altering the territory’s configuration in just a few years. This imposition also causes a significant transformation of the traditional concept of borders, “lines” that separate tradition, language, or architectural resolution. In this sense, areas hosting these massive infrastructure often transition from productive tissues of the primary sector at the local level —mainly livestock and agriculture— to predominantly industrial ones that function on a global scale. However, these facilities rarely benefit the local population, as the energy produced is usually consumed hundreds of kilometres away. Furthermore, they operate autonomously, without labour, and are owned by large energy corporations, resulting in the distribution of profits among a few hands far away from the affected territories. These corporations are thus building a geography that is drastically different from what the first power plants of rudimentary technology could create. The new renewable facilities disregard the historical, cultural, social, economic, political, and architectural values rooted in the territory, solely to harness wind and solar energy as inexhaustible natural resources in electricity generation. The global implementation of these plants evokes a sense of loss, as it destroys the previous state formed over centuries. However, their construction offers a valuable opportunity to begin imagining the present transformation of the territory by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. The problem posed by these facilities, as we will see, transcends mere technological development and the foreseeable increase in consumption of resources as the only possible paths to progress. The terms “renewable” and “borders” precisely invite to incorporate other dimensions and disciplines to address this issue in a renewed and cross-cutting manner, forming a complex network through the knowledge provided by politics, landscape, history, art, and architecture. This publication, prepared on the occasion of the international workshop Renewable Borders —held in the German city of Chemnitz in October 2023— aims to offer different approaches to the problem of new renewable facilities and their relationship with border configurations. Can we still consider them as immutable lines destined to endure? How does energy production influence the evolution of these limits? What lexicon do we use to define it? In what ways can we represent them? Far from offering concrete answers, the six essays compiled in this publication pose new questions in an open and exploratory manner, uncovering a new field of inquiry that needs renewed thinking beyond the confines of borders.:10 Beyond borders Carlos Gonzalvo and Julia Capomaggi 14 Frivolous energies Alex Nathanson 18 Critical borders Jakob Kullik 22 Renewable surfaces Julia Capomaggi 40 Energy production in the cityscape Dorota Gawryluk and Dorota Anna Krawczyk 44 Heritage and power Marco Acri 46 Renewable lexicon 51 Students 52 Biographies

Electric consumption worldwide is projected to sharply increase in the coming decades, driven by population growth and the electrification of more and more human activities, like transportation, communication, industry, and housing. Electricity is thus becoming central to modern society. Most optimistic forecasts suggest that, by 2050, production will be primarily based on renewable energy sources, with the aim of achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The construction of the necessary infrastructure for this energy transition, such as solar and wind farms, is shaping significant economic, political, and social transformations, while also deeply influencing landscape quality and territorial configuration. Natural resources like the sun or wind do not recognize political borders, historical boundaries of regions or countries. On the contrary, they introduce a new dimension of a continuous, anonymous geography that blurs the conventional concept of borders. One of the aspects generally emphasised with the installation of solar and wind farms concerns their visual impact, and are emblematic of problems associated with the construction of extensive power plants in natural landscapes. Their construction consumes hundreds of hectares of land and significantly alters the skyline. However, these concerns seem to overshadow a more significant issue: the homogenization of territories as they repeat a single solution across the globe, even when the conditions of the sites are completely different. The technical design is an oversimplification of the problem, resulting in a single technology that is designed and implemented to varied scenarios without adapting to local conditions. The system components of this infrastructure are few in number and completely disregard the previous configuration of the territory and the problems traditionally associated with architecture. The built infrastructure of these plants severs any connection with the landscape and memory, it is devoid of any sense of place that evolved in response to historical development and the particular local idiosyncrasies. Traditional constructions, regardless of their technological development, were based on local techniques and materials, evolving with accrued intergenerational experience, with mutual their territory, technology, and architecture were intrinsically. The new renewable energy infrastructure also represents an unprecedented global imposition without the consensus of the local population, rapidly altering the territory’s configuration in just a few years. This imposition also causes a significant transformation of the traditional concept of borders, “lines” that separate tradition, language, or architectural resolution. In this sense, areas hosting these massive infrastructure often transition from productive tissues of the primary sector at the local level —mainly livestock and agriculture— to predominantly industrial ones that function on a global scale. However, these facilities rarely benefit the local population, as the energy produced is usually consumed hundreds of kilometres away. Furthermore, they operate autonomously, without labour, and are owned by large energy corporations, resulting in the distribution of profits among a few hands far away from the affected territories. These corporations are thus building a geography that is drastically different from what the first power plants of rudimentary technology could create. The new renewable facilities disregard the historical, cultural, social, economic, political, and architectural values rooted in the territory, solely to harness wind and solar energy as inexhaustible natural resources in electricity generation. The global implementation of these plants evokes a sense of loss, as it destroys the previous state formed over centuries. However, their construction offers a valuable opportunity to begin imagining the present transformation of the territory by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. The problem posed by these facilities, as we will see, transcends mere technological development and the foreseeable increase in consumption of resources as the only possible paths to progress. The terms “renewable” and “borders” precisely invite to incorporate other dimensions and disciplines to address this issue in a renewed and cross-cutting manner, forming a complex network through the knowledge provided by politics, landscape, history, art, and architecture. This publication, prepared on the occasion of the international workshop Renewable Borders —held in the German city of Chemnitz in October 2023— aims to offer different approaches to the problem of new renewable facilities and their relationship with border configurations. Can we still consider them as immutable lines destined to endure? How does energy production influence the evolution of these limits? What lexicon do we use to define it? In what ways can we represent them? Far from offering concrete answers, the six essays compiled in this publication pose new questions in an open and exploratory manner, uncovering a new field of inquiry that needs renewed thinking beyond the confines of borders.:10 Beyond borders Carlos Gonzalvo and Julia Capomaggi 14 Frivolous energies Alex Nathanson 18 Critical borders Jakob Kullik 22 Renewable surfaces Julia Capomaggi 40 Energy production in the cityscape Dorota Gawryluk and Dorota Anna Krawczyk 44 Heritage and power Marco Acri 46 Renewable lexicon 51 Students 52 Biographies