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Adaptive Control of Systems in Cascade with SaturationKannan, Suresh Kumar 28 November 2005 (has links)
This thesis extends the use of neural-network-based model reference adaptive control to systems that occur as cascades. In general, these systems are not feedback linearizable. The approach taken is that of approximate feedback linearization of upper subsystems whilst treating the lower-subsystem states as virtual actuators. Similarly, lower-subsystems are also feedback linearized. Typically, approximate inverses are used for linearization purposes. Model error arising from the use of an approximate inverse is minimized using a neural-network as an adaptive element. Incorrect adaptation due to (virtual) actuator saturation and dynamics is avoided using the Pseudocontrol Hedging method. Using linear approximate inverses and linear reference models generally result in large desired pseudocontrol for large external commands. Even if the provided external command is feasible (null-controllable), there is no guarantee that the reference model trajectory is feasible. In order to mitigate this, nonlinear reference models based on nested-saturation methods are used to constrain the evolution of the reference model and thus the plant states. The method presented in this thesis lends itself to the inner-outer loop control of air vehicles, where the inner-loop controls attitude dynamics and the outer-loop controls the translational dynamics of the vehicle. The outer-loop treats the closed loop attitude dynamics as an actuator. Adaptation to uncertainty in the attitude, as well as the translational dynamics, is introduced, thus minimizing the effects of model error in all six degrees of freedom and leading to more accurate position tracking. A pole-placement approach is used to choose compensator gains for the tracking error dynamics. This alleviates timescale separation requirements, allowing the outer loop bandwidth to be closer to that of the inner loop, thus increasing position tracking performance. A poor model of the attitude dynamics and a basic kinematics model is shown to be sufficient for accurate position tracking. In particular, the inner-outer loop method was used to control an unmanned helicopter and has subsequently been applied to a ducted-fan, a fixed-wing aircraft that transitions in and out of hover, and a full-scale rotorcraft. Experimental flight test results are also provided for a subset of these vehicles.
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Estudo de dinâmica de voo e controle de um VANT com decolagem e pouso vertical / Flight dynamics and control study of a VTOL UAVDaud Filho, Antonio Carlos 24 October 2018 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento da teoria de dinâmica de voo e o conceito de controle a ser aplicado na modelagem e simulação de voo de um VANT com decolagem e pouso vertical proposto. Um conceito de aeronave de asa semi-tandem é projetado e os coeficientes aerodinâmicos, propriedades inerciais e parâmetros de controle são estimados, o que permitiu a implementação da teoria proposta. O modelo fez uso das equações de movimento multi-corpos onde a aeronave é dividida em partes de forma que a asa, o estabilizador horizontal e os rotores sejam entidades independentes. Além disso, o sucesso da fase de transição de voo pairado para cruzeiro e de cruzeiro para voo pairado pode ser verificado se houver a possibilidade da aeronave trimar ao longo do regime de velocidades de voo, em outras palavras, se houver uma combinação de estados de movimento que mantenha a aeronave estável do voo pairado para a condição de cruzeiro. Assim, as curvas de trimagem que expressam os estados são calculadas usando a minimização de uma função de custo envolvendo a soma dos quadrados de alguns dos estados de movimento, definidos pelas equações de movimento mencionadas anteriormente. Tal minimização é realizada usando o algoritmo Simplex Sequencial. Além disso, é apresentada uma estratégia de controle que estabiliza a aeronave durante a transição de voo pairado para configuração de cruzeiro, que é testada em simulação computacional de um voo longitudinal acelerado e desacelerado, ou seja, de voo pairado para cruzeiro e de cruzeiro para voo pairado. Finalmente, um protótipo da aeronave estudada é apresentado. / This thesis presents the development of the flight dynamics theory and control concept to be applied in the modeling and flight simulation of a proposed VTOL UAV. A semi-tandem wing aircraft concept is designed and the aerodynamic coefficients, inertial properties and controls parameters are estimated, which allowed the implementation of the proposed theory. The model made use of the multi-body equations of motion where the aircraft is divided in parts so that the wing, horizontal stabilizer and rotors are independent entities. Additionally, the success of the transition phase from hovering to cruise and from cruise to hovering can be verified if there is the possibility of the aircraft to trim along the flight speed regime, in other words, if there is a combination of states of motion that keep the aircraft stable from hover to cruise condition. So, the trim curves expressing the states are computed using the minimization of a cost function involving the sum of the squares of some of the states of motion, defined through the equations of motion previously mentioned. Such minimization is performed using the Sequential Simplex algorithm. Moreover, a control strategy that stabilizes the aircraft while it transitions from hovering to cruise configuration is presented, which is tested in computer simulation of an accelerated and decelerated longitudinal flight, that is, from hovering to cruise condition, and from cruise to hovering condition. Finally, a prototype of the aircraft studied is presented.
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Estudo de dinâmica de voo e controle de um VANT com decolagem e pouso vertical / Flight dynamics and control study of a VTOL UAVAntonio Carlos Daud Filho 24 October 2018 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento da teoria de dinâmica de voo e o conceito de controle a ser aplicado na modelagem e simulação de voo de um VANT com decolagem e pouso vertical proposto. Um conceito de aeronave de asa semi-tandem é projetado e os coeficientes aerodinâmicos, propriedades inerciais e parâmetros de controle são estimados, o que permitiu a implementação da teoria proposta. O modelo fez uso das equações de movimento multi-corpos onde a aeronave é dividida em partes de forma que a asa, o estabilizador horizontal e os rotores sejam entidades independentes. Além disso, o sucesso da fase de transição de voo pairado para cruzeiro e de cruzeiro para voo pairado pode ser verificado se houver a possibilidade da aeronave trimar ao longo do regime de velocidades de voo, em outras palavras, se houver uma combinação de estados de movimento que mantenha a aeronave estável do voo pairado para a condição de cruzeiro. Assim, as curvas de trimagem que expressam os estados são calculadas usando a minimização de uma função de custo envolvendo a soma dos quadrados de alguns dos estados de movimento, definidos pelas equações de movimento mencionadas anteriormente. Tal minimização é realizada usando o algoritmo Simplex Sequencial. Além disso, é apresentada uma estratégia de controle que estabiliza a aeronave durante a transição de voo pairado para configuração de cruzeiro, que é testada em simulação computacional de um voo longitudinal acelerado e desacelerado, ou seja, de voo pairado para cruzeiro e de cruzeiro para voo pairado. Finalmente, um protótipo da aeronave estudada é apresentado. / This thesis presents the development of the flight dynamics theory and control concept to be applied in the modeling and flight simulation of a proposed VTOL UAV. A semi-tandem wing aircraft concept is designed and the aerodynamic coefficients, inertial properties and controls parameters are estimated, which allowed the implementation of the proposed theory. The model made use of the multi-body equations of motion where the aircraft is divided in parts so that the wing, horizontal stabilizer and rotors are independent entities. Additionally, the success of the transition phase from hovering to cruise and from cruise to hovering can be verified if there is the possibility of the aircraft to trim along the flight speed regime, in other words, if there is a combination of states of motion that keep the aircraft stable from hover to cruise condition. So, the trim curves expressing the states are computed using the minimization of a cost function involving the sum of the squares of some of the states of motion, defined through the equations of motion previously mentioned. Such minimization is performed using the Sequential Simplex algorithm. Moreover, a control strategy that stabilizes the aircraft while it transitions from hovering to cruise configuration is presented, which is tested in computer simulation of an accelerated and decelerated longitudinal flight, that is, from hovering to cruise condition, and from cruise to hovering condition. Finally, a prototype of the aircraft studied is presented.
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