No description available.

State actors have adopted policies which they claim will enable the provision of public services including mass transportation. In most global cities, dedicated strategic transport authorities are employed for the purpose of planning and implementing strategies to sustain mass transportation. While such bodies play key roles, not only planning mass transport policies, but also coordinating the system, not much is known about the dynamics of the relations among the actors who constitute the governance system responsible for sustaining mass transportation. This thesis therefore explores the systems of governance of mass transportation in London and Lagos with the aim of evaluating the role of collaborative modes of governance in affecting and sustaining better transportation for the mass public. While it is claimed by the political leadership of both London and Lagos that ‘partnership’ is employed in delivering mass transportation, the cases investigated show that what really exists ranges from a few relatively genuine partnerships to relationships that are driven more by contracts and mandatory arrangements. The research is an analysis of two cases, employing a qualitative approach for data gathering through the use of semi-structured interviews. The primary evidence gathered from both cases is validated by the secondary data. The thesis contributes to the literature on collaborative governance by emphasising the importance of political and strategic leadership, the relevance of the nature of funding regime, accountability and the socio-cultural context for sustaining service delivery. A key finding from the study is that most of the partnerships in both cases are influenced by political leaders (the Mayor of London and the Governor of Lagos state). Furthermore, actors in both governance systems do not agree on the organisation that should take the lead in the system, although there is a fair measure of agreement that the Mayor is best placed to take the lead in London. Also, perhaps unsurprisingly, in both systems there exist conflicts and partnerships. The discussion of the findings, together with an analysis of the recurring themes in this study, offer significant insights into the factors that shape and influence the systems of governance of mass transportation in both cases, and the degree to which collaborative governance exists.

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2004. / Härtill 3 uppsatser, sammanbundna med avhandlingen.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a summary of current knowledge and experience and analysis of the development of liberalization of the rail passenger transport in the Czech Republic and a detailed description of the current situation and comparison with the transport session Prague - Ostrava, where 3 railway carriers are competing for the favour of passengers. In the first part of the thesis is described historical development of the railways in the world and in the Czech Republic. The following section discusses the legislation relating to rail transport and its liberalization, both from the perspective European as well as from the Czech. The widest third part shows efforts, which have already taken place for tenders for the operation of railway transport and the steps that led to this state. The final part deals with the situation of the rail transport in the transport session Prague - Ostrava, where, as a single line in the Czech Republic, competition among rail carriers was launched.

The current debate on transport policy in the UK is focused on the need for a sustainable transport system. Buses play a vital role in achieving this, as they are the most frequently used and most accessible mode of public transport. However, the literature shows that the delivery of sustainable transport policies is not producing the desired outcomes (Hull, 2009) and the application of such policies in real situations remains inconsistent. This is evident across the UK where there has been a decrease in bus patronage and bus mileage. To address this gap, the aim of this research is to identify why bus policies are not imple-mented successfully at a local level and to provide recommendations for implementation and decision making that will aid policy makers, local authority staff, regional transport partnerships, bus operating companies and other practitioners working within the field of transport. A mixed methodology was chosen for this research and is divided into three key stages to address the research problem. The first methodology included an online ques-tionnaire and 143 questionnaires were sent to all public transport officers in Great Britain. 80 surveys were returned giving a response rate of 56%. The second methodology in-cluded telephone interviews conducted with 10 of those public transport officers who responded to the questionnaire in order to elicit a deeper understanding of the results, which could not be achieved from the questionnaire results alone. Finally, the third meth-odology included four case studies on specific bus schemes within Great Britain. These case studies were the Quality Contract Scheme in Tyne and Wear, Fastlink Scheme in Glasgow, Bus Priority Scheme in Solihull and Smart Ticketing Scheme in Dundee. While the questionnaires and telephone interviews provide an overview of bus policy imple-mentation across Great Britain, the multiple case studies were required to investigate the topic in depth, thus identifying the greatest barriers to bus policy implementation. Analysis of the three sets of data is based on the application of a new decision support frame-work developed in this research. The findings in this thesis reveal that local authorities in Great Britain are under-performing in the implementation of bus policy due to the barriers they face. The greatest barriers to implementation include the lack of a policy document; the characteristics of the organisation; availability of resources; intra-organisation support and communication; economic, social and political environments; and opposition, conflict, and ambiguities. Overall, this research has identified several concerns with bus policy implementation. The most obvious concern is the unclear link between policy objectives and measures and the setting and monitoring of performance targets. Meanwhile, the deregulation of the bus sector in the UK means that, in some cases, a lack of control over the implementation of certain measures places limits on policy implementation and results in the frequent im-plementation of policy measures that are achievable rather than those that are necessary to the achievement of policy objectives. The findings from this research also help policy-makers and transport planners to predict what makes implementation successful and to address problems and issues through improved policies and regulations, as well as to an-ticipate and plan for likely barriers. Moreover, addressing these barriers can help tackle the decline in bus mileage and bus usage across Great Britain.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe analizuojama integruotos keleivinio transporto politikos įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje, aptariama politikos formavimo ir įgyvendinimo procesas bei integruotos keleivinio transporto politikos kūrimas, vertinamos politikos įgyvendinimo priemonės, jų pasirinkimas ir įgyvendinimo sėkmingumas, pristatomi svarbiausi Europos Sąjungos teisės aktų reikalavimai ir jų nuostatų pritaikymas bei įgyvendinimas Lietuvos politikos procese. / The thesis analyzes integrated passenger transport policy implementation in Lithuania, discusses the design and implementation process of an integrated passenger transport policy development, describes policy assessment measures, their selection and the success of their implementation, and introduces the most important EU legislative requirements and the application of these provisions in Lithuania’s transport policy.

This thesis explores how multi-agent-based simulation can be used for transport policy analysis. Transport policies are often used as a means to reach governmental goals, such as environmental targets to reduce the impact of transportation. To predict how transportation is influenced by policies, public authorities often make use of simulation models. A structured review of such models is made focussing on important transport chain characteristics. We argue that to properly predict the actual environmental, economic, and logistical effects of transport policies, the logistical decisions made in transport chains must be modelled appropriately. Such decisions, e.g., concern the choice of producer and traffic mode, planning of transportation, production, and terminal handling. The review concludes that models currently used for transport policy analysis fail to capture many of these characteristics. We argue that agent-based models have the potential to include these aspects since they are able to explicitly model the actual decision making in transport chains. We have identified a set of generic roles in transport chains where each role is responsible for certain decisions. A multi-agent-based simulator, TAPAS, has been developed in which these roles are modelled as agents. Thus, the decision making in transport chains and its influence by the application of transport policies are captured. The decisions lead to the execution of the logistical operations which in turn have consequences on the logistics, economic, and environmental performance. The usage of TAPAS is illustrated by presenting two scenarios based on realworld transport chains. Simulation experiments of the scenarios have been performed where different types of transport policies are introduced. The simulation results are analysed, e.g., by comparing the results to similar studies and by sensitivity analysis of input parameters. To facilitate the validation and generalisation of simulation results we suggest making use of typical transport chains and roles characterised by, e.g., product type and geographical locations. The type of studies that TAPAS can support are described and compared to studies typically made with traditional models. Transport policies which are relevant to examine are described and their potential influence on transport chains are analysed. The possible usage of TAPAS is discussed and related to different types of users. Public authorities can, e.g., use TAPAS to complement studies using traditional models. This can improve the accuracy of the simulation results by the inclusion of more logistical aspects. Large companies are another type of user which, e.g., can use TAPAS to analyse new market segments, such as new product types or new consumers, where historical data is not available.

In the current international environment characterized by globalization and regionalization, the importance of the transport and logistics system integration which is the basis of regional economic cooperation has been highlighted. Northeast Asian Region which covers 5.7% of the total world’s area and has around 25.8% of the total world’s population has been one of the most active regions of economic and social development in recent two decades largely due to the emergence of China and Russia in the world market. However, different from the EU which provides an excellent example of economic and transport integration, the transport and logistics system in Northeast Asia still has massive room for improvement. The concept of transportation corridor construction has been adopted in the research and the five most important international transportation corridors in Northeast Asia have been fully examined in terms of current situation and major problems and issues. The major issues include inadequate and imbalanced transportation infrastructure, lack of funding as well as insufficient institutional mechanisms. Consequently, the policy and action plans in four sectors are formulated to improve the performance of the transport and logistics system in Northeast Asia. The current research was facilitated by experts mainly from the transport and logistics field in Northeast Asia, through the application of the Delphi Method. The consensus achieved will provide useful guidance for building a well integrated transport and logistics system in Northeast Asia. The political and economic stability of North Korea is a prerequisite for transport and logistics system construction in Northeast Asia. Furthermore, improving basic transport infrastructure, promoting logistics and transport facilities, building a logistics cooperation system and training logistics specialists are the four most important aspects for the development of the transport and logistics system in the region.

Este trabalho busca explorar a questão do financiamento da infraestrutura rodoviária, analisando o impacto de se financiar um projeto de melhorias em uma rodovia por meio da cobrança de pedágios vis-à-vis seu financiamento pelo incremento da alíquota do imposto sobre os salários ou do imposto sobre as vendas do setor de transportes. Utilizando um modelo de transportes sequencialmente integrado a um modelo inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável foram simuladas as alternativas de financiamento de investimentos na rodovia BR-040, rodovia recém concedida pelo Governo Federal que figurou como estudo de caso para a presente pesquisa. Os resultados indicam que a escolha da alternativa de financiamento é relevante para os impactos regionalmente distribuídos do projeto, sendo determinante na definição das regiões beneficiadas pelas melhorias. Sob a perspectiva dos impactos agregados do país, a situação que apresenta o maior impacto no crescimento do PIB nacional é o investimento financiado pelo próprio usuário da rodovia por meio do pagamento de pedágios. Sob a perspectiva regional, percebe-se uma clara área de influência da rodovia que se beneficia de suas melhorias e, quando os custos para a execução de tais melhorias são compartilhados por todo o país por meio de uma elevação tributária, acentuam-se ainda mais os benefícios observados nessas regiões / This study explores the issue of road infrastructure funding, analyzing the impact of financing a road improvement project through tolls tariff charged from the final users vis-a-vis the financing through an increase in the country\'s payroll tax rate or in the tax rate on the sales of the transport sector. Using a transport model integrated to an interregional computable general equilibrium model this research simulated alternative arrangements for financing investments made at BR-040, Brazilian road recently granted by the Federal Government and which figured as the case study for this Master thesis. The results indicate that the way the investment is financed is relevant to the regionally distributed impacts of the project, being decisive in defining which regions are benefited by the improvement project. Analyzing the country\'s aggregated results, the situation that has the greatest impact on the Brazilian\'s GDP growth is the investment financed by the road users through the payment of a toll tariff. From a regional perspective, a clear area of influence that benefits from the improvements on the road can be identified and, when the costs for executing such improvements are shared with the whole country through a tax increase, these benefits are accentuated