Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4635.pdf: 1080000 bytes, checksum: 7f72c6154417cfa404d1b1fbb1d30af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Brazil is the world's largest producer of orange, seated in an area of 839.000 hectares, of which 77% are located in the southeast. Despite the importance of this crop, the citrus industry faces serious problems represented by fungal diseases that reduce productivity such as citrus post-bloom fruit drop (PDF), caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. As control is predominant spraying chemicals. Considering the financial costs, environmental damage and public health of these applications, it is necessary to study new control alternatives, and among these, the biological control. Therefore this study aimed to develop a formulation of Bacillus subtilis, based different transport vehicles, with or without additives, aiming to control the PDF. The results showed that the powder as a vehicle for transport, provided a greater viability of bacterial cells stored in the two temperatures tested (1 and 22 ° C) for a period of 12 months. In vitro tests showed that the powder plus urea (0.02%) inhibited both the mycelial growth, as the germination of C. acutatum. The additives urea (0.02%) and ammonium molybdate (1mM) optimized the formulation, when tested in the same flower deployed. Control data under field conditions, showed that B. subtilis in powder plus urea (0.02%) yielded 72.7% of flowers without infection by the pathogen and 56.4% of the average number of effective fruits (ANEF) and on the other hand, the control treatment was obtained 8.8% flowers and 0.83% of healthy ANEF, chemical treatment (thiophanate-methyl) showed 69.6% of healthy flowers and 46.7% ANEF. It is concluded that, based formulation B. subtilis, with talc as a transport vehicle, plus an additive (urea 0.02%) kept the viability of bacteria cells and was effective in the controlling of disease. / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranja, assentado em uma área de 839 mil hectares, dos quais 77% encontram-se localizados na região sudeste do país. Não obstante a importância dessa cultura, o setor citrícola enfrenta sérios problemas representados por doenças fúngicas que diminuem a produtividade, como a podridão floral dos citros (PFC), causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum acutatum. A medida predominante de controle é a pulverização com defensivos químicos. Considerando os custos financeiros, prejuízos ambientais e de saúde pública envolvidos nestas aplicações, faz-se necessário o estudo de novas alternativas de controle e, dentre estas, o controle biológico. Portanto este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma formulação de Bacillus subtilis, usando diferentes veículos de transportes, com ou sem aditivos, visando o controle da PFC. Os resultados dos testes in vitro mostraram que o talco + uréia (0,02%) inibiram, tanto o crescimento micelial, quanto a germinação de C. acutatum. Os aditivos uréia (0,02%) e molibdato de amônio (1mM) otimizaram a formulação, quando a mesma foi testada em flores destacadas. Resultados de controle, sob condições de campo, revelaram que B. subtilis formulado em talco + uréia (0,02%) proporcionou 72,7% de flores sem infecção pelo fitopatógeno e 56,4% de número médio de frutos efetivos (NMFE); por outro lado, no tratamento testemunha obteve 8,8% de flores sadias e 0,83% de NMFE, o tratamento químico (tiofanato metílico) apresentou 69,6% de flores sadias e 46,7% de NMFE. Conclui-se que, a formulação à base de B. subtilis, tendo o talco como veículo de transporte, acrescido do aditivo uréia (0,02%) é eficiente na manutenção da viabilidade das células bacterianas para o controle da doença.

The increasing number of electric and hybrid vehicles in urban areas has shown to be beneficial in reducing both air and noise pollution. However, the lack of sound when driving at low speed has negatively affected the pedestrian safety since many rely on the vehicle sound for orientation. Regulatory bodies have therefore introduced minimum sound requirements for all silent vehicles, which has resulted in a key challenge for car manufacturers to develop external warning signature sounds. The objective of this project has been to study how these signals should sound in order to fit the image of electric and hybrid vehicles and minimize noise and annoyance. To complete the study, five sound concepts with different characteristics and rhythms were developed using the concept generation process. In order to gain subjective impressions of the sounds, three measurement methods were utilized. The first listening test was performed to eliminate the possibility that the sound samples would be perceived variously loud in the upcoming tests. The second listening test was performed to gain information on how suitable the signals are for electric and hybrid vehicles, and the third listening test was conducted to obtain information on how much annoyance the signals contributed with. A reference signal representing an internal combustion engine was included in the tests as well. The results of the measurement methods showed that the sound samples with long tone sequences were more preferred than those with short tone sequences, and that the artificial approach was more popular than the sound of an internal combustion engine vehicle. It was also established that additional tests need to be performed in order to confirm that these results are valid. It was suggested that field tests should be conducted and that new sound concepts should be developed based on the results of these tests.

This master's thesis focuses on analysis and design of the marketing strategy for the company Cegelec a.s., which is a manufacturer of equipment for urban transport vehicles. First part outlines the fundamental principles of the Business-to-Business market and examines the distinguishing characteristics of marketing strategy for this market. Second parts introduces the company Cegelec a.s., provides detailed description of the urban transport vehicles manufacturing market and analyzes the strategy of the company from the marketing point of view. In addition, the thesis incorporates proposal of changes in some components of the company's marketing strategy.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the construction design of a semi – trailer for the purpose of road – based vehicle transportation. The construction design is complaint to the applicable legislative requirements for the corresponding trailer category. The main part of the thesis focuses on strength analysis of a semi – trailer frame using finite element method. Based on strength analysis of the semi – trailer frame, the original frame is adjusted and further optimized through subsequent analyses. The thesis additionally contains the drawing documentation.