People without private transport are dependent on public transportation. Public transport, particularly minibus taxis, is the most popular mode of transport in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth. The objective of the minibus taxi industry is to provide public transport to minibus taxi commuters in an economically, reliable and safe manner. The focus of this case study was to explore and determine the views of minibus taxi commuters who utilised minibus taxis as a form of public transport, as well as the views of minibus taxi drivers in terms of adhering to road safety requirements on Stanford Road in Port Elizabeth. The literature survey revealed that transport in South Africa has had a political dimension arising from the Group Areas Act 41 of 1950. One consequence of this Act, which imposed residential segregation on the country, was that poor black commuters were forced to live far out of town, forcing them to travel long distances to places of work and commercial centres, with a commensurate increase in transport costs. Data was collected by means of two structured questionnaires which were administered to minibus taxi drivers and minibus taxi commuters to explore their views and experience of road safety on Stanford Road in Port Elizabeth. A discussion on the minibus taxi industry, minibus taxi associations and law enforcement agencies in Port Elizabeth, as well as the sustainability of the minibus taxi industry, followed in Chapter Three. Through this case study, valuable insight was gained regarding the minibus taxi industry and road safety in Port Elizabeth. Finally, recommendations to improve road safety were made.

Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Technology: Emergency Medical Care, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Background Information regarding pre-hospital emergency medical services is limited and it is therefore challenging to determine if there is delay in emergency transport of patients. This study aimed to provide such information specifically regarding the emergency transportation of obstetric patients. Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the transport of obstetric patients within the Ugu Health District of KwaZulu Natal, in terms of patient profiles, the response time intervals and factors that affected response times. Objectives The objectives of the study were to:  determine response time intervals from the initial call to delivery of the patient to a public sector hospital;  describe the types of obstetric cases being transported;  describe factors that affect response times and;  make recommendations on policies and procedures governing emergency obstetric patient transportation Methodology All obstetric patients transported by Emergency Medical Rescue Service (EMRS) within a 2 month time frame within the Ugu District made up the study population. The study was conducted through prospective quantitative data collection using hospital records, the EMRS information system (communications centre data base records) and the EMRS patient return forms. The data was triangulated which established reliability before descriptive analysis was conducted. vi Findings The EMRS predominantly transports obstetric patients in labour with a gravidity of 1. The mean response interval (from receipt of the call to arrival at the patient) of 1h41minutes was a result of delays in the pre-response interval (pre-response waiting time). The mean pre-response interval of 1h07 minutes was a result of delays caused by ambulance unavailability. Pearson‟s correlation showed a significant relationship between the pre-response interval and response interval i.e. delays in the pre-response interval caused delays in the response interval. The EMRS lacks Standard operating procedures governing emergency transport and this was one of the main factors that contributed to some of the causes of ambulance unavailability. The lack of standard operating procedures is therefore also partly responsible for a delayed response interval. 64.5% of the incidents achieved response time intervals of more than 1hour and has therefore failed to achieve the predetermined Department of Health target for 70% of ambulances reaching the site of the patient within 1 hour. Other factors that affect the response time intervals were the poor road conditions, shift change delays and re-routing of ambulances. Conclusion EMRS predominantly transports obstetric patients in labour, including high risk patient groups that are arguably beyond the scope of care of the Basic and Intermediate qualified Emergency Care Practitioners. Standard operating procedures for governing emergency transport are lacking and have contributed to a number of factors affecting response time intervals. Standard operating procedures therefore need to be developed taking into consideration the findings of this study as well as previous recommendations by the National Committee on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD).

A project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 1997. / The previously disadvantaged communities of Greater Johannesburg generally rely on publlc transport to get from place to place. Disabled people, who can be considered to be part of the previously disadvantaged community, often do not have any form of transport available to them at all. People from these communities wishing to attend an event at the Ellis Park Precinct would either have to use the existing public transport or make their own transport arrangements. Traffic and transportation management plans have been implemented at the Ellis Park Precinct with the intention of ensuring the Precinct's transportation accessibility for all the people of Greater Johannesburg, but the needs of the previously disadvantaged communities, who are captive to public transport, were not formally provided for. This project report provides details of the truffle and transportation management plans that have been implemented and then recummends/suggests various transportation options that could improve the transportation accessibility of the Precinct for these previously disadvantaged communities.

The role transport plays in enabling people access to services is very important. However, transport for school going children in rural areas has not been given much attention. Transport programmes aimed at improving access to schools by rural children cannot be successful in their formation and implementation without the full participation of parents. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to learn about the factors influencing caregivers' choices of the modes of transport for their school going children and to establish how caregivers view the importance of transport for their school going children, particularly in rural areas. One hundred and twenty six respondents were interviewed in this study. Two focus group interviews were conducted with teachers from eZinyonyana Primary and Mthende High Schools. It transpired that the majority of children walk to school. Most parents are aware of the problems associated with walking. However, the majority of them did not believe that walking could impact on their children's performance at school. This belief, though, differed with parents who perceive themselves too distant from school, hence believing that walking can affect their children's performance at school. Also, the majority of caregivers from communities furthest from schools believed that the availability of transport could improve their children's performance at school. They expected the government to provide transport for learners as most of them felt that even if transport can be made available, they could not still afford it since they are not employed. Although aware of the dangers associated with walking, some parents did not feel they could accompany their children school. This task was entirely left with the older children who are supposed to look after the younger ones on their way to and from school. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

M.Comm. / Formal public transport has an important function to fulfill, both in terms of service provision and also in the broader context of the economy. This is so because so many workers live in dispersed areas and are dependent on public transport to arrive at work. This point is especially valid with regard to the Soweto area, which is one of the most heavily populated areas in South Africa, providing a large workforce to South Africa's most important economic region — the Witwatersrand. The main theme of this study is that all "formal" passenger transport operators in the Soweto area need to be integrated and that structural co-ordination should take place. This includes service provision in terms of routes and schedules as well as the ticketing system. This study provides an overview of the activities of the "formal" operators in the Soweto area. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the current "formal" service leaves considerable scope for improvement. It is also clear from the reports that have been quoted in this study that the minimum levels of service are not being achieved. Hence, this study proposes new road-based routes and schedules aimed at improving the coordination of bus and rail transport in the Soweto and surrounding areas. This study also proposes an integrated ticketing system, which is aimed at forming the basis for effective co-ordination. The purpose of these proposals is to assist the yet-to-be-established Transport Authorities to make decisions that will guide the co-ordination process in the right direction. The study also investigates other aspects that influence the "formal" public transport system. These include Government Policy, national objectives, ticketing systems and coordination. These aspects, combined with current research and schedules will be used as the basis where-upon new suggestions are made. The study emphasises that the suggestions made will not necessarily improve cost effectiveness but are primarily aimed at improving upon the current service. The study suggests however, that any additional funding that may be needed will be a moderate amount with regard to macro-economic variables, and at the same time will improve the quality of life of the community and will help in achieving national transport objectives as envisaged by the Moving South Africa study project. It is also suggested in this study that the time for meaningless debate is over and that the time has arrived to implement practical solutions with regard to the formal public passenger transport system in South Africa.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Marketing)-Dept. of Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2008. xiii, 135 leaves. / South Africa will host the Soccer World Cup in 2010. About 2.7 million local spectators and 400,000 visitors need to be transferred to and from the 10 host cities in 43 days. This is a huge challenge to the intercity bus transport industry, because the current transport system may not meet the demand for one of the world’s largest sporting event. The purpose of this study is to identify the current barriers to good service quality in the intercity bus transport industry. It focuses on the measurement of service quality and communication. In this research, the literature survey defined the service quality “gap” in this industry, identified the role of effective communication in the service delivery system, measured the variables affecting current service delivery using the SERVQUAL instrument, and prioritized the importance of the factors influencing service delivery in this industry. A questionnaire with 25 questions was designed to collect data. This study used convenience sampling to select 400 passengers as a sample, viz. 348 South Africans and 52 foreigners at the Durban bus station, since Durban is one of the ten host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The data was analysed using SPSS. The results of this research pointed to the importance of external communication in the industry. Specific recommendations are made to improve the productivity, reduce vacancy rate and maximize the benefits to this industry in 2010 and beyond.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology: Emergency Medical Care, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Introduction: A Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) is a specialist flying emergency service where on-board medical personnel have both the knowledge and equipment to perform complicated medical procedures. There is an absence of literature describing the types of patients treated and the clinical outcome of these patients flown by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services within South Africa. The paucity of literature on this topic poses a challenge for current aeromedical services as there is no baseline information on which to base flight criteria, staffing and policy documents. This has the potential to hamper the advancement of HEMS within South Africa. Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to undertake a descriptive analysis of the patients flown by the Netcare 911 HEMS over a 12 month period in both Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal and to assess the patients’ outcomes. The objectives of the study were to analyse the clinical demographics of patients transported by the Netcare 911 HEMS operation, determine the time frames from dispatch of the helicopter to delivery of the patient to the receiving hospital and undertake a correlational analysis of crew qualifications, clinical procedures performed and their outcomes at 24 hours and 72 hours. A further objective was to make recommendations regarding the refinement of current aeromedical policies as well as the education and training requirements. Methodology: The research study was conducted utilizing a retrospective quantitative, descriptive design to undertake an analysis of patients transported by a private helicopter emergency medical service within South Africa. The records of all patients transported by the Netcare 911 HEMS operations between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2011 were included. Results: In the 12 month study period there were a total of 547 cases. However, the final study population was made up of 537 cases as 10 cases had to be excluded due to incomplete documentation. Of the 537 cases, 82 (15.3%) were managed by the KwaZulu-Natal HEMS and 455 (84.7%) were managed by the Gauteng HEMS. Findings revealed that the majority of patients flown in both Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal were adult males: males (n=398; 74.1%) and adults (n=437; 81.4%). Motor vehicle accidents were the most common incident type for both operations (n=193; 36%). At the 24-hour follow up, 339 (63.1%) patients were alive and stable and at the 72-hour follow up, 404 (75.3%) were alive and stable. Conclusion and recommendations The findings of this study provide valuable information that may have an impact on the current staffing and authorization criteria of South African HEMS operations.

M. Tech. Civil Engineering / Integration of transport modes is essential to achieving a sustainable transport system. Sustainable transport is one that is accessible, safe, environmentally friendly, and affordable. The integration of non-motorized transport into the mainstream of public transport of any city enhances the whole transportation system. The study was set out to provide ways of improving transport by integration of non-motorized transport into the mainstream of public transport of the Ga-Rankuwa - Rosslyn transport corridor in the City of Tshwane, with the aim of introducing cycling as a feeder mode to public transport

M.Comm. / The modern business environment is characterised by a new focus on strategies towards competitiveness and customer service. This includes efficient and effective logistical systems to support just-in-time, shorter production run strategies of customers. Furthermore, the outsourcing of non-core functions to third party service providers, is an increasing tendency. Transport providers are strategically positioned within logistical processes to provide value-adding services. Historically, the transport industry was a highly regulated arena which changed to a competitive deregulated industry. PROBLEM STATEMENT: With the deregulation of the transport industry, rail transport lost market share in the total land freight market. Other than deregulation, the following: In contrast with road, rail is responsible for the accomplishment of transport infrastructure and the maintenance thereof; the differences in the competitive traits of rail and road; and the increasing nature of change within the dynamic marketplace itself. After 200 years, the rail transport mode is confronted with the challenge of relevancy in the twenty first century. The main objective of the study is founded on systematic literary research of land transport within the RSA. The focus is on the role logistics plays in obtaining competitive advantage from a rail perspective. In order to achieve this, the following were investigated: the economics of transport; an evaluation of the competitiveness of the RSA road and rail industry; logistics as an approach to add value and differentiate the transport product; and suitable strategies specifically for rail in support of value adding and competitiveness. FINDINGS: The study finds that logistics can create competitive advantage for rail transport with an unique marketing orientation. This can be maximised by differentiating the rail transport product alignment with market share in the different segments and positioning in the product life cycle. The manufacturing higher value segment represents the biggest growth opportunity in market share. Innovation and quality improvements are prerequisites within rail, whilst selective divestiture strategies on non-profitable business must be considered. The requirement is to provide logistical services within the total supply chain which add value to customers products. Rail transport must therefore find a balance between cost leadership and differentiating strategies. Rail transport in the RSA is aware of the importance to provide logistical value in the freight market. However, it was found that the transformation to make logistics an integrated part of its business is lacking. In contrast, road transport rapidly developed the provision of complete logistical solutions in the freight market. Lastly, it was found that the outsourcing of logistics is a world trend, especially in respect of the USA and Europe.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Urban Design. / The fountainhead of the tramways in South African cities occurred a century ago, when Johannesburg, in particular, experienced horse-drawn trams in the early 1890's. From a rough Babylon, this city has henceforth experienced significant changes in time and space, failing to avoid the desecration of racial segregation and the associated spatial ramifications. The contemporary city hs thus charged with the task of reconstruction and integration to redress the effects of past actions. In parallel, the renslssance of the tramway worldwide, in the form of rapid transit, has brought to light an opportunity to be exploited in the process of re-assembling the fragmented urban form. The catalytic and associated rtpple effects of rapid transit on the urban environment in nearby proximity is, considered critical to both the sustainability of the system and to the environment through which it operates. The underlying approach incorporates the notion of linking history and precedent as a means of instructing future designs. The process Is concerned w!th definition, decomposition, analysis of intermutual links, and re-assembling the whole, to achieve a higher level conceptual abstractlon and understanding. Such an understanding could facilitate the urban designer to maximise the catalytic benefits of a revived urban element. / Andrew Chakane 2018