Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation and M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / "This thesis is done in cooperation with the MOVES Institute"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Eugene Paulo, John Hiles. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed Sept. 14, 2004). "June 2004." Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91). Also issued in paper format.

The growing population of cities and the rise of e-commerce are increasing the transportation of both goods and people. This can generate problems such as traffic jams, increased pollution, and lower living standards for citizens. To reduce the negative impacts, a change in last mile mobility could be made, replacing traditional combustion vehicles with electric ones or, ideally, with bikes and cargo bikes.  This thesis examines the case of the Swedish cities of Gävle and Uppsala, trying to explain how the last mile affects the lives of their inhabitants, if and why electric vehicles and cargo bikes are implemented (or not), and how authorities can promote their use. For this purpose, after a literature review, some questions were developed, and seven city managers were interviewed: five from Gävle and two from Uppsala.  The study shows that city managers are aware of the impacts that the last mile, and mobility in general, has on its inhabitants, and of the need for a shift towards a more sustainable mobility. Despite this awareness, policy makers are not doing everything possible to accelerate the transition. According to city managers, both the public and private sector advocate more for a change of energy source (from combustion to electric vehicles) rather than a model change using bikes. In addition, the study shows the opportunities that the new model based on non-traditional vehicles can offer and the barriers that prevent its implementation. Finally, different measures that could make cities more sustainable are proposed.

La función principal de esta elaboración de tesis es la de mejorar y optimizar la transitabilidad tanto peatonal como vehicular en la Molina sector perteneciente al distrito de Nueva Cajamarca, provincia de Rioja, departamento San Martin, a través de diseños de pavimentos y sistema de drenaje pluvial urbano desarrollado en dicho lugar. En las visitas hechas al sector la Molina, se constató que las calles presentan una inadecuada infraestructura vial y se ausenta con respecto a un sistema de drenaje pluvial. Este diseño de pavimento ayudará a que el sector la Molina sea más accesible, condescendiendo a un mejor flujo vehicular y peatonal; instituyendo un crecimiento en la economía, además de reducir las enfermedades causadas por el polvo y de aguas estancadas producto de las lluvias y el mal estado de las vías. Se desarrolló el estudio topográfico, estudio de mecánica de suelos, estudio hidrológico, estudio de tráfico, para proceder al diseño de pavimentos mediante metodología Aashto, PCA, Instituto del Asfalto, así como el diseño hidráulico. Teniendo como resultados en la topografía una altura promedio de 862.35 msnm, suelos con CBR de 6.1 a 8.1, un estudio de trafico de 1416158 de ESAL, un espesor de pavimento de 7.62 cm pulgadas para el flexible y 18 cm para el rígidos, y una sección de cuneta de 0.50 metros por 0.60 metros; además de un presupuesto de 8,360.913.18 soles para el pavimento flexible y un presupuesto de 10,792,946.07 soles para el pavimento rígido; finalmente se realizó el estudio de impacto ambiental. / The main function of this thesis development is to improve and optimize both pedestrian and vehicular trafficability in the Molina sector belonging to the district of Nueva Cajamarca, province of Rioja, department of San Martin, through pavement designs and storm drainage system. urban developed in that place. In the visits made to the La Molina sector, it was verified that the streets present an inadequate road infrastructure and that it is absent with respect to a storm drainage system. This pavement design will help make the La Molina sector more accessible, condescending to a better vehicular and pedestrian flow; instituting growth in the economy, in addition to reducing diseases caused by dust and stagnant water from the rains and the poor condition of the roads. The topographic study, soil mechanics study, hydrological study, traffic study were developed to proceed with the design of pavements using the Aashto, PCA, Asphalt Institute methodology, as well as the hydraulic design. Having as results in the topography an average height of 863.24 meters above sea level, soils with CBR from 6.1 to 8.1, a traffic study of 1416158 from ESAL, a pavement thickness of 7.62 cm inches for the flexible and 18 cm for the rigid, and a ditch section of 0.50 meters by 0.70 meters; in addition to a budget of 8,360,913.18 soles for flexible pavement and a budget of 10,792,946.07 soles for rigid pavement; finally, the environmental impact study was carried out.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T13:46:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA LÚCIA FRANCISCO DIAS MARTINS.pdf: 2977477 bytes, checksum: 8f0a0765c02598f4ad1693513dc0f7b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T13:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VERA LÚCIA FRANCISCO DIAS MARTINS.pdf: 2977477 bytes, checksum: 8f0a0765c02598f4ad1693513dc0f7b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / Based on the understanding that the Development of the Brazilian State of Goiás is directly related to availability and quality of transportation infrastructure, this research aimed at analyzing the project called Multimodal Logistics Platform of the State of Goiás, which has been under execution for more than 15 years, in order to verify whether the competitive differentials once proposed may still foster regional development, as well as to improve the State's transportation infrastructure. For this purpose, we approached the analysis of transportation policies, planning and programs promoted both by state and federal government; a survey of the State’s effectiveness index in transportation investments from 2006 to 2014, with basis on data obtained from the Goiás Transparency Portal, State Secretariat of Management and Planning, “Portal Brasil”, Program of Investment in Logistics and Mauro Borges Institute, as well as a detailed analysis of the factors listed as competitive differentials of the project was performed. This work allowed us to conclude that not only the constant project implementation delays and interferences have compromised the effectiveness of the results expected by PLMG regarding the aerial and rail transport modalities and storage services, but also the low effectiveness index of transportation infrastructure investments are factors impairing the full development of the state. / A partir do entendimento que o Desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás está diretamente ligado a disponibilidade e qualidade de infraestrutura de transporte, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o projeto, em andamento a mais de 15 anos, da Plataforma Logística Multimodal do Estado de Goiás, buscando verificar se os diferenciais competitivos propostos inicialmente podem ainda fomentar o desenvolvimento regional, bem como levantar as condições da infraestrutura de transporte do Estado. Com esse intuito, foram analisadas as políticas, planos e programas dos governos estadual e federal voltados para o setor de transporte; levantado o índice de efetividade de investimento do governo estadual neste segmento (2006 a 2014), através de dados obtidos junto ao Portal da Transparência do Estado de Goiás, Secretaria de Estado de Gestão e Planejamento de Goiás, Portal Brasil, Programa de Investimento em Logística e Instituto Mauro Borges e uma analise minuciosa da situação dos fatores elencados como diferenciais competitivos do projeto. O trabalho permitiu concluir que os constantes adiamentos e interferências na implantação do projeto comprometeram a efetividade dos resultados esperados pela PLMG, principalmente nos modais aéreo e ferroviário e nos serviços de armazenagem além do baixo índice de efetividade dos investimentos em infraestrutura de transporte, fatores que vem impedindo o pleno desenvolvimento do estado.

Syfte: Det har riktats stor uppmärksamhet mot företagens sociala ansvar under senaste decennierna och CSR har därmed blivit en alltmer viktig fråga för företag och dess intressenter. Huruvida högre CSR bidrar till högre aktievärde har varit ett omstritt ämne inom tidigare studier. Covid-19-pandemin anses ha varit en kris som har kastat nytt sken på denna fråga. Många forskare ser därför ett behov av att undersöka om CSR har kunnat göra aktier immuna under börskraschen följt av Covid-19 samt om CSR bidrar till mer motståndskraftiga aktier under kriser. Det finns dock motstridiga resultat inom tidigare studier huruvida det finns ett samband mellan CSR och aktieprestation. Syftet och huvudfrågan i studien är därför att undersöka detta samband hos börsnoterade bolag inom transport- och logistiksektorn. Mer specifikt i G20-länder under börskraschen till följd av Covid-19-pandemin. Metod: Studien utgår från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi och antar en hypotetisk-deduktiv ansats. En kvantitativ forskningsstrategi och en tvärsnittsdesign har antagits för att genomföra studien med data över 371 publika bolag inom transport- och logistiksektorn i G20-länder. Studiens data är sekundärdata inhämtad från databasen Thomson Reuters Eikon. Data har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat och slutsats: Utifrån studiens resultat finner vi inget stöd till våra hypoteser gällande ett positivt samband mellan CSR, dess separata dimensioner och aktieprestation. Det finns inget som tyder på att aktiernas prestation har påverkats av företags ESG-satsningar. Detta resultat är i linje med aktieägarteorin som syftar till att företag endast bör ha aktieägarnas vinstmaximering som sin huvuduppgift. Studien använder ESG-betyg som ett kvantitativt mått på CSR, men de problem som finns med ESG och som har diskuterats i stor omfattning kan ha påverkat studiens resultat. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till att fylla ett forskningsgap gällande sambandet mellan CSR och aktieprestation inom transport- och logistiksektorn i G20-länder. Studien bidrar även med en diskussion gällande ESG-betygets validitet samt även med ytterligare empirisk forskning och teoretisk information. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Eftersom studien är avgränsad till G20-länder samt transport- och logistiksektorn, går det inte att applicera resultatet på andra sektorer eller länder. Ett förslag till vidare forskning är därmed att undersöka sambandet i andra länder för att skapa större förståelse hur hållbarhetsarbete implementeras i denna sektor. Annat förslag till vidare forskning är att utgå från andra kontrollvariabler för att undersöka sambandet då det kan finnas andra faktorer än de som tagits upp i denna studie som kan påverka hur resultatet ter sig. / Aim: Great attention has been paid to Corporate Social Responsibility in recent decades and CSR has thus become an increasingly important issue for companies and their stakeholders. Whether higher CSR contributes to higher stock value has been a controversial topic in previous studies. The Covid-19 pandemic is considered to have been a crisis that has shed new light on this issue. Many researchers therefore see a need to investigate whether CSR has been able to make stocks immune during the stock market crash followed by Covid-19 and whether CSR contributes to stock resilience during crises. However, there are conflicting results in previous studies as to whether there is a relationship between CSR and stock performance. The purpose and main question in this study is therefore to investigate this relationship in public companies in the transportation- and logistics sector. More specifically in G20 countries during the stock market crash due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The study is based on a positivistic research philosophy and adopts a hypothetical-deductive approach. A quantitative research strategy and a cross-sectional design have been adopted to conduct the study with data on 371 public companies in the transportation- and logistics sector in G20 countries. The data is secondary and obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The data have been analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. Result and conclusions: Based on the result of the study, we find no support for our hypotheses regarding a positive relationship between CSR, its separate dimensions and stock performance. There is no indication that the stock performance has been affected by companies’ ESG investments. This result is in line with the shareholder theory, which aims that companies should only have the shareholders’ profit maximization as their main task. The study uses ESG scores as a quantitative measure of CSR, but the problems that exist with ESG and have been discussed to a large extent may have affected the result of the study. Contribution of this thesis: The study contributes to filling a research gap regarding the relationship between CSR and stock performance in the transportation- and logistics sector in G20 countries. The study also contributes with a discussion regarding the validity of the ESG rating as well as with further empirical research and theoretical information. Suggestions for future research: As the study is limited to G20 countries and the transportation- and logistics sector, the result cannot be applied to other sectors or countries. A proposal for further research is thus to investigate the connection in other countries in order to create a greater understanding of how sustainability work is implemented in this sector. Another proposal for further research is to assume other control variables to investigate the relationship as there may be other factors than those addressed in this study that may affect how the result appears.