Periodontal disease is a progressive inflammatory condition that is characterized by the reabsorption of alveolar bone, the destruction of connective tissue, and edentulism. It is caused by a dysbiosis in the oral microbiome as a result of a shift from a Gram-positive aerobic bacterial population, to one that becomes more Gram-negative and anaerobic. Treponema denticola is thought to drive this diseased state based on its role as a keystone periopathogen. A major component of T.denticola’s invasiveness is its motility, which allows the spirochete to penetrate and disseminate through tissues. This motility, which has been seen to be crucial to the invasiveness in other spirochetes through deletion studies, is often regulated by the second messenger, c-di-GMP. In this study, biochemical and biophysical assays were utilized to determine that the predicted diguanylate cyclase TDE0125 converts GTP to c-di-GMP. This elucidates further function of the c-di-GMP regulatory network in T. denticola.

Masters of Science / Background: Infection with HIV results in gradual loss of immunologic functions, especially those mediated by CD4+T helper cells with consequent impairment of the immune response leading to severe manifestations of periodontal disease. The lower the CD4+T lymphocyte cell count or the higher the level of immunosuppression, the higher the incidence of periodontal disease in those patients will be. Putative periodontopathic bacteria namely Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, commonly referred to as "red complex", and many other bacterial species have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Objective: The present study tests the association between different CD4+T lymphocyte levels and "red complex" pathogens using BANA, in HIV-positive patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). Methods: 120 HIV-positive patients from the infectious disease clinic at Tygerberg hospital participated in the study with a mean age of 33.3 years. The CD4+T lymphocyte counts were obtained from patient's medical records. The six Ramjford teeth were used for evaluating periodontal clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed by the enzymatic BANA test for the detection of the "red complex". Results: The CD4+T lymphocyte mean level was 293.43cells/mm3. Statistically significant associations were found between CD4+T cell counts and probing depth (p= 0.0434) and clinical attachment loss (p= 0.0268). Significant associations were found between BANA with all the clinical indices (p= <0.05). However no association was found between CD4+T cell counts and BANA. Conclusion: HIV-positive patients show a high prevalence of "red complex" pathogens subgingivally. Immunosuppression seems to favour the colonization of these species, resulting in periodontal disease manifestations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo969_1.pdf: 1672515 bytes, checksum: 57a925ef24be8c7dd06dd31514a160d4 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a presença dos periodontopatógenos que formam o complexo vermelho (Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) e Treponema denticola (Td)) e o Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) em pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica. A amostra foi constituída de 29 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico de periodontite crônica de acordo com os critérios da AAP (2000). Todos os dentes foram sondados em seis sítios para registro de profundidade, perda de inserção clínica e sangramento após sondagem. As amostras para análise microbiológica foram coletadas dos 4 sítios com maior profundidade de sondagem para cada paciente, totalizando 116 amostras. Estas amostras foram processadas através da técnica de PCR convencional e foram observados os seguintes resultados: 46,6% apresentaram resultado positivo para a bactéria Pg; 41,4% para Tf; 33,6% para Td e 27,6% para Aa. Não se verificou associação significante entre a presença dos periodontopatógenos e as variáveis faixa etária, sexo e sangramento à sondagem. Para a bactéria Pg verificou-se associação significante (p<0,05) com a variável placa visível, e a presença das bactérias Pg e Tf foi mais prevalente (p < 0,05) em bolsas periodontais &#8805; 8 mm. Nos sítios com profundidade &#61619; 8 mm foram observadas com maior freqüência as combinações Pg + Tf (23,2%) e Pg + Tf + Td (20,0%). Foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) as associações entre a presença simultânea das bactérias Aa + Pg, Aa+ Tf, Pg + Tf e entre Tf + Td. Concluiu-se que as bactérias analisadas, principalmente as do complexo vermelho, estiveram fortemente relacionadas com a periodontite crônica, e que as bactérias Pg e Tf foram mais frequentes em bolsas periodontais profundas

La parodontite est une infection polymicrobienne qui entraîne une inflammation du parodonte et provoque une destruction irréversible des tissus de soutien de la dent. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les concentrations des cytokines IL-18, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα ainsi que celles des récepteurs Toll de type 2 (Toll-like receptor 2, TLR2) et 4 (TLR4) solubles dans le fluide créviculaire gingivale (FCG) et la salive d'une cohorte de patients atteints de parodontite. Ces concentrations ont été corrélées avec les paramètres cliniques de la parodontite et la quantité des bactéries Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola et Fusobacterium nucleatum retrouvées chez les participants à l'étude. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que les taux d'IL-18, d'IL-1β et de TLR4 dans le FCG sont plus élevés chez les sujets atteints de parodontite par rapport à ceux exempts de la maladie et que la sévérité de la maladie parodontale est associée à des concentrations élevées d'IL-1β et de TLR4 chez les sujets malades.

Periodontal disease (PD) is a polymicrobial infection characterized by inflammation of the gingiva, alveolar bone resorption, and tooth loss (edentulism). Treponema denticola along with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia are among the “Red Complex” and are main etiological agents in PD. Treponemes are a member of the Spirochaeta phylum and are obligate anaerobes, that express pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR). The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduced ferredoxin. Amixicile is a novel bacteriostatic derivative of nitazoxanide and an inhibitor of PFOR. In light of the fact that Treponemes express PFOR, this study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of oral Treponemes to AMX. All oral Treponemes tested were susceptible to AMX and the MIC values were determined ranging of 1.5-4.5 μg mL-1 for an initial starting cell concentration of 1.9x106 cells mL-1. Other potentially therapeutic effects for AMX for T. denticola were investigated: motility, hydrogen sulfide production, and serum sensitivity. AMX reduced overall spirochete motility by 50% at sub-MIC concentrations. There was a dose dependent decrease in H2S production in T. denticola at sub-MIC and MIC values. Furthermore, prior exposure of AMX led to increases in serum sensitivity. Taking into account the fact that other periodontal red complex bacteria express PFOR, AMX could serve as a new selective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T11:38:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_PeriodontiteOvinosEstado.PDF: 11749160 bytes, checksum: 07582d26b606607e8e1786f83ce34921 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-09T20:27:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_PeriodontiteOvinosEstado.PDF: 11749160 bytes, checksum: 07582d26b606607e8e1786f83ce34921 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T20:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_PeriodontiteOvinosEstado.PDF: 11749160 bytes, checksum: 07582d26b606607e8e1786f83ce34921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-29 / O presente trabalho relata os aspectos epidemiológicos, clinico-patológicos e bacteriológicos do primeiro registro de periodontite em ovinos no Brasil, ocorrido em uma propriedade rural no município de Benevides, Para. O surto ocorreu aproximadamente um mês após o pastejo na área de Panicum maximum cv. Massai, a qual sofreu praticas agrícolas, quando foi observado aumento de volume na mandíbula em alguns animais, em sua maioria com idade acima de 36 meses. Foi realizado o exame clinico extra-oral dos 545 ovinos e verificou-se aumento de volume da mandíbula em 3,7%. Os animais acometidos apresentavam baixo escore corporal, pelos arrepiados e sem brilho, alguns com afrouxamento e perda dos dentes pré-molares e molares inferiores e superiores, formação de abscesso e fístula no local acometido, demonstração de dor a palpação e dificuldade de mastigação. Das 39 cabeças de animais jovens analisadas no exame macroscópico post-mortem, 51,3% apresentavam lesões periodontais e das 38 analisadas após a maceração, 73,7% também apresentavam lesões. Das cabeças com lesões no exame post-mortem, em 45% as lesões encontravam-se na maxila, 15% na mandíbula e 40% nas duas estruturas (maxila e mandíbula). Nas cabeças com lesões após a maceração, 50% encontravam-se na maxila e 50% na maxila e mandíbula. Das 17 cabeças de animais adultos analisadas no exame post-mortem e após a maceração, todas apresentavam lesões periodontais. No exame post-mortem, 11,8% apresentavam lesões na mandíbula e 88,2% nas duas estruturas; após a maceração, 5,9% na maxila, 11,8% na mandíbula e 82,3% nas duas estruturas. Os achados histopatológicos revelaram processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso. Para caracterização da microbiota bacteriana subgengival de 14 ovinos com periodontite foi realizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) para pesquisa de micro-organismos pertencentes ao complexo vermelho de Socransky (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia e Treponema denticola) e outros possíveis periodontopatogenos Gram-negativos e Gram-positivos. Em 50% das amostras foi possível identificar Porphyromonas gingivalis, em 92,8% Tannerella forsythia e em 78,5% Treponema denticola. Os três periodontopatogenos pertencentes ao complexo vermelho ocorreram concomitantemente em 42,8% das amostras. Foram identificados ainda em pelo menos um animal examinado Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Enterococcus faecium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loeschii e Prevotella nigrescens. Não foram detectados nas 14 amostras Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Dialister pneumosintes, Enterococcus faecalis e Porphyromonas gulae. Os resultados permitem concluir que a periodontite ovina ocorrida no município de Benevides – PA possui etiologia infecciosa e acometeu um significativo numero de animais, diversos com abaulamento da mandíbula; teve alta incidência nos jovens e envolveu a totalidade dos animais adultos examinados post-mortem e após a maceração. / This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and bacteriological the first periodontitis record in sheep in Brazil occurred in a rural property in the municipality of Benevides, Para. The outbreak occurred about a month after grazing in the area of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, which suffered agricultural practices, there was swelling in the jaw in a few animals, mostly those over the age of 36 months. The extraoral examination was performed in 545 sheep and there was swelling of the jaw in 3.7% of them. Clinical signs were low body score, rough hair coat and dull, some relaxation and loss of premolars and upper and lower molar teeth, abscess and fistula formation in the affected site, demonstration of pain on palpation and difficulty chewing. Between the 39 heads of young animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination, 51.3% had lesions somewhere and between the 38 analyzed after maceration, 73.7% also had injuries. 45% of the lesions from the 39 heads were in the maxilla, 15% in the mandible and 40% in both structures (maxilla and mandible) and from those heads with injuries observed after maceration 50% of the lesions were in the maxilla and 50% in the maxilla and mandible. Between the 17 heads of adult animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination and after maceration all had lesions somewhere. In the post-mortem examination, 11.8% had lesions in the mandible and 88.2% in both structures; after maceration, 5.9% were in the maxilla, 11.8% in the mandible and 82.3% in both structures. The histopathological findings revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammatory process. To characterize the subgingival microbiota of the 14 sheep with periodontitis it was performed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), especially for microorganisms belonging to the red complex Socransky (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola) and other possible Gram-negative and Gram-positive periodontopathogens. There were identified in 50% of the samples Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia in 92.8% and Treponema denticola in 78.5%. The three periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex occurred simultaneously in 42.8% of the samples. We also identified in at least one of the examined animals Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Enterococcus faecium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella loeschii. In the 14 samples Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Dialister pneumosintes, Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gulae were not detected. The results showed that the sheep periodontitis occurred in the municipality of Benevides - PA has an infectious etiology and rushed a significant number of animals, many with bulging of the jaw; had high incidence in young and involved all of the adult animals post-mortem and after maceration examined.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence of the effect of the oral health over the general health of individuals, supported by a series of biological and epidemiological studies that show a relation between the mouth and many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Structural deficiencies and functional abnormalities of heart valves represent an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Brazil, and a few defects have been recently associated with infectious agents. The aim of this study was to identify cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria in dental plaque, saliva and heart valves, without clinical endocarditis, of patients with heart valve diseases, and correlate these findings with the oral health status of the patients. Oral exams using the DMTF (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording) indexes to evaluate caries and periodontal disease, respectively, were performed. Samples of supragingival and subgingival dental plaque, saliva and cardiac valves were evaluated, through Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, for the presence of DNA of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Treponema denticola (T. denticola). A total of 114 samples were collected from 42 patients with a mean age of 55.6  13.8 years. The average number of missing teeth due to caries was 23.52  9.41 teeth per patient, and according to the highest score of periodontal disease observed for each patient, excluding edentulous patients (44.0%), periodontal pockets over 4mm (43.4%) and dental calculus (34.7%) were detected in a higher number of patients. The molecular analysis of the oral samples revealed high frequency of S. mutans and P. intermedia in supragingival dental plaques, subgingival dental plaques and saliva of dentate and edentulous patients (variation 60.0% - 100.0%), while P. gingivalis and T. denticola were detected in a smaller number of oral samples (variation 17.6% - 64.0%). The microorganism most frequently detected in heart valve samples was the S. mutans (89.3%), followed by P. intermedia (19.1%), P. gingivalis (4.2%) e T. denticola (2.1%). Significant difference was observed between the frequency of P. intermedia, P. gingivalis and T. denticola in the heart valve and dental plaque, as oposed to S. mutans. The identification of oral bacteria, especially S. mutans, in heart valves of patients with a previous history of dental caries and gingivitis/periodontitis suggests the possible involvement of these pathogens in the etiopathogenesis of heart valve diseases. / Atualmente, cada vez mais se tem evidÃncias do efeito da condiÃÃo oral na saÃde geral dos indivÃduos, atravÃs de uma sÃrie de estudos epidemiolÃgicos e biolÃgicos que mostram uma relaÃÃo entre a boca e diversas doenÃas, incluindo as doenÃas cardiovasculares. Desordens estruturais e nas funÃÃes das vÃlvulas cardÃacas representam uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular no Brasil, sendo alguns processos, como a estenose aÃrtica degenerativa, mais recentemente associados a agentes infecciosos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar bactÃrias cariogÃnicas e periodontopatogÃnicas na placa dental, saliva e vÃlvulas cardÃacas, sem endocardite clÃnica, de pacientes com doenÃa valvar, correlacionando esses achados à condiÃÃo bucal dos indivÃduos. AvaliaÃÃo, quanto Ãs doenÃas cÃrie e periodontal, foi realizada, atravÃs dos Ãndices CPO-D (Dentes Permanentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados) e PSR (Registro Periodontal Simplificado), respectivamente. Amostras de placa dental supragengival, subgengival, saliva e vÃlvula cardÃaca foram coletadas para investigaÃÃo da presenÃa de DNA, atravÃs de PCR (ReaÃÃo em Cadeia de Polimerase) em tempo real, de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) e Treponema denticola (T. denticola). Um total de 114 amostras foi coletado de 42 pacientes com mÃdia de idade de 55.6  13.8 anos. A mÃdia de dentes perdidos devido à cÃrie, por paciente, foi em torno de 23.52  9.41 e, segundo o maior grau de doenÃa periodontal observado no indivÃduo, excluindo-se os pacientes desdentados totais (44.0%), bolsa superior a 4 mm (43.4%) e o cÃlculo dental (34.7%) esteve presente em um maior nÃmero de pacientes. A anÃlise molecular das amostras bucais revelou alta frequÃncia de S. mutans e P. intermedia nas placas supragengival, subgengival e saliva de pacientes dentados e desdentados (variando entre 60.0% e 100.0%), enquanto que P. gingivalis e T. denticola estiveram presentes em menor nÃmero de amostras bucais (variando entre 17.6% e 64.0%). O micro-organismo mais frequentemente encontrado nas amostras valvares foi o S. mutans (89.3%), seguido da P. intermedia (19.1%), P. gingivalis (4.2%) e T. denticola (2.1%). DiferenÃa significativa foi encontrada entre a presenÃa de P. intermedia, P. gingivalis e T. denticola na vÃlvula e na placa dental, diferentemente do S. mutans. A identificaÃÃo de bactÃrias orais, principalmente S. mutans, em vÃlvulas cardÃacas de pacientes com elevada experiÃncia prÃvia de cÃrie e ocorrÃncia de gengivite/periodontite, sugere o possÃvel envolvimento desses patÃgenos nas doenÃas valvares.