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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Acceleration of Catalytic Asymmetric Silylation of Syn-Diols and Triols by Use of a Tetrazole Co-Catalyst

Manville, Nathan Kyle January 2013 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Kian L. Tan / The acceleration of catalytic asymmetric silylation of syn-diols and triols by use of an azole additive has been developed. By simply adding 7.5-20 mol % of a commercially available small-molecule, 5-ethylthiotetrazole, to a previously reported chiral catalyst, reactions proceed within one hour delivering the desired products with similarly high yields and enantiomeric ratios; there is minimal reaction during the same period when one of the co-catalysts is absent. In an attempt to better understand this silylation mechanism, computational catalyst design and synthetic development were employed. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.
2

Caracterização de filmes de EMA e EMA/PCL-T e aplicação em sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos

Kanis, Luiz Alberto January 2005 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T01:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 230325.pdf: 1730397 bytes, checksum: f006b2053bdc1ffa997d2bfb8faa2605 (MD5) / Filmes de (poli(etileno-co-metil acrilato) (EMA) e EMA/poli(caprolactona-triol)(PCL-T) foram caracterizados em relação as suas características térmicas, mecânicas, de intumescimento, interações fármaco-polímero e aplicação na liberação controlada de fármacos. O aumento no teor de metil acrilato nos filmes de EMA promoveu redução da cristalinidade, diminuição da tensão máxima, aumento da capacidade de elongação e no módulo de elasticidade, aumento na capacidade de intumescimento dos filmes em etanol e favorecimento da permeação dos fármacos, paracetamol, ibuprofeno e cloridrato de diltiazem (DZ). A aumento da fração de etanol/água utilizado como solvente para solubilizar o fármaco promoveu aumento do coeficiente de permeabilidade do cloridrato de diltiazem fator influenciado pelo maior intumescimento do filme. Os resultados de DSC, FTIR e MEV demonstraram que os filmes de EMA/PCL-T variando em concentração de 100/0 até 60/40 são imiscíveis. O DZ quando incorporado aos filmes de EMA/PCL-T sofre redução progressiva do grau de cristalinidade com a adição de PCL-T. Este efeito é associado à interações da PCL-T com o grupamento iônico da amina terciária observados por FTIR. A progesterona (PG) quando incorporada aos filmes de EMA/PCL-T sofre redução para 5% de cristalinidade somente com a presença de EMA, a adição progressiva de PCL - T não promoveu efeito aditivo sobre esta propriedade. Os filmes EMA/PCL-T/DZ 80/0/20 e 70/10/20 apresentaram baixíssima liberação do fármaco incorporado, contudo os filmes 60/20/20 e 50/30/20 apresentaram mecanismo de liberação anômalo. Os filmes de EMA/PCL-T/PG, 80/0/20, 70/10/20, 60/20/20 e 50/30/20 apresentaram total liberação do fármaco incorporado em 48 horas e o mecanismo de liberação segue o comportamento descrito por HIGUCHI.
3

Produção enzimática de poli(e-caprolactona) em reator de leito empacotado utilizando fluido pressurizado

Veneral, Josamaique Gilson January 2015 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2014 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T04:04:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333310.pdf: 2571212 bytes, checksum: ec206db5183720c66c0dee0407f362ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A crescente demanda por materiais poliméricos livres de resíduos tóxicos, oriunda dos setores médico, farmacêutico e alimentício, bem como os avanços tecnológicos na obtenção de enzimas como as lipases solvente tolerantes e/ou imobilizadas, permitindo sua reutilização tornou possível que, catalisadores biológicos e fluidos pressurizados outrora relegados a segundo plano, tornassem-se atualmente uma das alternativas mais promissoras na área de polímeros biorreabsorvíveis e biodegradáveis. Neste contexto, a policaprolactona (PCL), um polímero biorreabsorvível e biodegradável, bem como o dióxido de carbono supercrítico (scCO2) têm permeado, de forma separada ou conjunta, diversas áreas de interesse acadêmico e industrial, com aplicações nos setores biomédico, farmacêutico, alimentício, e ecológico. Da combinação destas tecnologias aliada à possibilidade de produção em larga escala de polímeros via sistemas contínuos, emerge um vasto território de possibilidades/oportunidades para o setor acadêmico e industrial. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou o estudo da polimerização enzimática por abertura de anel (e-ROP) da e-caprolactona (e-CL) em fluidos pressurizados pelo uso de um reator contínuo empacotado (PBR) com enzimas imobilizadas (Novozym 435), visando a definição das melhores condições para as reações de polimerização. Para tanto, inicialmente foram realizados experimentos em dióxido de carbono (CO2) de forma a avaliar a influência da pressão de operação (120 e 200 bar), da razão mássica solvente/monômero (S/M = 2:1 e 1:2) e dos diferentes tempos espaciais (t) do substrato dentro do PBR sobre o rendimento das reações (Y), massa molecular numérica média (Mn) e índice de polidispersão (IP). Este estudo também avaliou a produção de policaprolactona para longos tempos de reação com a mesma carga de enzimas, visando determinar a retenção da atividade enzimática por meio da constância nos valores das variáveis de resposta das reções de e-ROP (Y, Mn e IP). Os melhores resultados obtidos a partir destes experimentos iniciais foram de 60,1 % e 53,5 % de conversão monomérica (Y) e de 21700 Da e 35800 Da de massa molecular númerica (Mn) para os experimentos realizados com razão S/M de 2:1 e pressões de 120 e 200 bar respectivamente. No entanto, estes valores de Y e Mn diminuíram rápida e expressivamente com o processamento contínuo dos reagentes devido ao acumulo/adsorção de material polimérico sobre as enzimas. A partir destes resultados optou-se pelo uso de um solvente orgânico (diclorometano-DCM) comocossolvente para reações de polimerização com as melhores condições operacionais obtidas anteriormente. Neste sentido, o uso do DCM como cossolvente nas reações mostrou-se promissor resultando em altos valores de Y (93,3 %) e valores de Mn de cerca de 22500 Da para tempos espaciais de apenas 15 minutos em reações realizadas a 120 bar e razão S/MIX (MIX = 50 % de e-CL + 50 % de DCM). Além disso, os valores de Y permaneceram constantes até 6 t (90 min.), já os valores de Mn foram menos constantes. A partir destes resultados, diversas variáveis foram testadas visando melhorar a eficiência na produção de policaprolactona em sistema contínuo como: quantidade de água no meio reacional, tipo e concentração de cossolvente no meio, uso de ondas ultrassônicas nas reações de e-ROP e uso de n-butano como solvente pressurizado. Neste sentido rendimentos de até 98 % e massas moleculares (Mn) na faixa de 35000 (Da) foram obtidos. Algumas das melhores condições operacionais obtidas a partir destes experimentos foram utilizadas em reações de e-ROP realizadas para até 40 t (10 h de reação) usando a mesma carga de enzimas. Esta etapa resultou em valores de Y de 95,0 % e massas moleculares (Mn) de 20000 (Da), estes valores máximos mantiveram-se constantes por até 10 horas de reação com a mesma carga de enzimas. A partir dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que, tanto o equipamento quanto a metodologia desenvolvida no presente trabalho para a produção de PCL em modo contínuo mostraram-se promissores na busca por polímeros de alto valor agregado.<br> / Abstract: The rising demand for products free of toxic waste coming from the medical sectors, pharmaceutical and food industries, as well as technological advances in obtaining solvent-tolerant lipases and/or immobilized, allowing its reuse and economic feasibility, that made it possible, biological catalysts and fluids pressurized once relegated to the background to become currently one of the most promising in the field of biodegradable polymers. In this context, polycaprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable polymer and bioresorbable, and the scCO2, have permeated separately/together several areas of academic interest and industrial, with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, biomedical and ecological. From of the combination of these technologies coupled with the possibility of large scale production (polymer) from continuous systems, emerges a vast territory of possibilities/opportunities for the academic and industrial sectors. In this context, this work aims to study the enzymatic polymerization of ring opening (e-ROP) of e-caprolactone (e-CL) in pressurized fluids by use of a continuous reactor packed (PBR) with immobilized enzymes (Novozym 435) aimed at defining the best conditions for the polymerization reaction. To this end, experiments were performed in carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to assess the influence of the operating pressure (120 and 200 bar), the mass ratio solvent/monomer (S/M = 2:1 and 1:2) and different space times (t) of the substrate within the PBR on the income of Y reactions, number average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index (PI). This study also evaluated the production of polycaprolactone for long time reactions with the same amount of enzymes, aiming to determine the retention of the enzymatic activity through constancy in the values of response variables of reactions of e-ROP (Y, Mn and IP). The best results obtained from of these initial experiments were of 60,1 (wt%) and 53,5 (wt%) of monomeric conversion (Y) and of 21700 Da and 35800 Da of numeric molecular weight (Mn) to the experiments carried out with the ratio S/M of 2:1 and pressures of 120 and 200 bar respectively. But these values of Y and Mn decreased fast and expressively with the continuous processing of the reagents due to accumulation/adsorption of polymeric material on the enzymes. From these results it was decided to use one organic solvent (dichloromethane-DCM) as cosolvent for polymerization reactions with the best operating conditions previously obtained. In this sense, the use of DCM as a cosolvent in the reactions proved to be promises resultingin high values of Y (93,3 wt%) and values of Mn around of 22500 Da for space times of only 15 minutes in reactions carried out at 120 bar and mass ratio S/MIX (MIX= 50 wt% of e-CL + 50 wt% of DCM). Moreover, the Y values remained constant even after 6 t (90 min.), while the Mn values remained constants less. From these results, several variables were tested aiming to improve the efficiency in the polycaprolactone production in continuous system, as: amount of water in the reaction medium, type and concentration of cosolvent in the medium, the use of ultrasonic waves in the e-ROP reactions and the use of n-butane as pressurized solvent. Some of the best operating conditions obtained from these experiments were used in e-ROP reactions carried out for up to 40 t (10 h reaction time) using the same load of enzymes. This step resulted in values of Y 95,0 (wt%) and molecular weight (Mn) of 20000 (Da) these maximum values remained constant up to 10 hours of reaction with the same load of enzymes. From the results obtained it is concluded that both the equipment and the methodology developed in this work for the production of PCL in continuous mode proved extremely promising in the search for polymers with high added value.
4

Filmes de acetato de celulose/poli (caprolactona triol)

Meier, Marcia Margarete January 2004 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Quimica. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T23:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 201893.pdf: 3745787 bytes, checksum: 8c4f5c9020c5a09e016a74ec21bb82f5 (MD5) / Neste trabalho, foi abordada a preparação de filmes de acetato de celulose (AC) com porosidade controlada, tendo como objetivo principal a obtenção de filmes que controlem a permeação de agentes ativos. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias: a adição de poli (caprolactona triol) (PCL-T) para atuar como plastificante e a adição de água como agente formador de poros. O trabalho envolveu a investigação do comportamento de fases entre AC/PCL-T/acetona, caracterização térmica, mecânicas e morfológicas dos filmes obtidos, além da determinação do coeficiente de permeação do fármaco modelo paracetamol. Os filmes de AC/PCL-T, contendo até 40 % do plastificante, são homogêneos. A PCL-T exerce forte efeito plastificante sobre os filmes reduzindo a Tg e a Tm. Entretanto, este efeito é menos evidente nos filmes porosos. Além disso, a presença dos poros diminui as propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. A permeação de paracetamol, através dos filmes formados a partir de soluções contendo 1,5 % de água, ocorre pela combinação da difusão, através da matriz de AC/PCL-T, e pela percolação, através dos poros dos filmes. Os filmes preparados na ausência de água são influenciados significativamente pela quantidade de plastificante. Dentre os filmes porosos analisados (1,5, 3,0 e 4,0 % de água), somente aqueles preparados com 1,5 % de água são influenciados pelo efeito da quantidade de PCL-T.
5

Etude de résolutions catalysées par des lipases sous irradiation micro-onde / Study of resolutions catalyzed by lipases under microwave irradiation

Rouillard, Hervé 30 January 2012 (has links)
La demande en composés chiraux est en plein essor ces dernières années. Pour accéder à leur synthèse, la biocatalyse, couplée à l’irradiation pourrait être une méthode innovante. Il existe en effet de nombreux cas dans la littérature où l’utilisation de micro-onde semble avoir un effet activateur sur l’efficacité enzymatique.Cependant, l’effet de l’irradiation micro-onde est mal compris et controversé. Le but de cette thèse était d’étudier l’impact de l’irradiation micro-onde sur des lipases, immobilisées ou non, en étudiant différentes réactions modèles, allant de la résolution d’alcools secondaires linéaires simples à la résolution de polyols complexes, et alcools polyfonctionalisés, par comparaison entre chauffage sous irradiation micro-onde (en conditions drastiques ou non) au chauffage classique. L’étude de l’irradiation micro-onde sur la stabilité enzymatique et sur paramètres intrinsèques de l’enzyme après modification des paramètres réactionnels a permis de mettre en évidence un rôle indéniable de l’irradiation micro-onde sur l’efficacité des réactions enzymatiques. Il a été possible d’une part de diminuer de façon importante les temps réactionnels, comparé au chauffage traditionnel,et d’autre part de contrôler efficacement l’énantio préférence et la sélectivité de la lipase pour l’obtention de molécules d’intérêt. Par des procédés innovants, l’impact de la puissance d’irradiation a été montré comme hautement dépendant du modèle réactionnel étudié. En optimisant les conditions réactionnelles pour obtenir les meilleures sélectivités et activités enzymatique sous irradiation micro-onde, la synthèse de a-hydroxyamides chiraux et de polyols parfaitement résolus a pu être entreprise de façon rapide, propre, tout en respectant les principes de chimie verte. / Chiral molecules demand is booming in recent years. Biocatalyse under microwave irradiation is found to be an attractive way to synthesise these molecules. Indeed, in the literature, some cases show an activation effect on the enzymatic efficiency by microwave irradiation, compared to classical heating. However, the effect of microwave irradiation is not well understood and controversial. The aim of his PhD was to study the impact of the microwave irradiation on some lipases, immobilized or not. Different model reactions were studied from secondary linear alcohol resolution, to the resolution of more complex polyols or polyfunctionalized secondary alcohols comparing the microwave heating (in drastic conditions or not) to the classical heating. Studying the enzymatic stability and intrinsic parameters after modifying the reaction parameters, we observed a clearly microwave effect on the efficiency of the enzymatic resolutions. Using microwave heating, it could be possible to decrease, in an important way, the reaction time, compared to the classical heating and to control the énantiopréférence of the lipase to efficiently obtain chiral product. Trough innovative processes, the impact of the irradiation has been studied and it depends on the model reaction.Optimizing the conditions to obtain the best enzyme selectivities and activities under microwave irradiation, we could synthesise chiral a-hydroxyamides and polyols, in a rapid, clean way, respecting the principles of green chemistry.
6

The Effects of Selective Estrogenic Drugs in the Medial Amygdala on Male Rat Sexual Behavior

Ogaga-Mgbonyebi, Ejiroghene V. 15 December 2010 (has links)
Male rat copulatory behavior is dependent on Testosterone (T) and its metabolites, estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms, ERα and ERβ, exist in the medial Amygdala (MEA) and either receptor might mediate mating behavior. Therefore, the effects of selective estrogenic MEA implants: propyl pyrazole triol (PPT, ERα agonist), diarylpropionitrile (DPN, ERβ agonist), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP, ERα antagonist) were compared to E2 in maintaining sexual behavior. Four groups of male rats were castrated and administered DHT s.c. and bilateral MEA implants containing either cholesterol, E2, PPT or DPN. An additional group of gonadally intact male rats received bilateral MPP-MEA implants. The post-surgical trials showed a significant decrease in the mating behavior of groups that received cholesterol, PPT, or DPN-MEA implants. However, sexual behavior was maintained in male rats that received the E2 or MPP-MEA implants. These results suggest a differential response of the MEA to E2.
7

Implant of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Alpha Agonist to the Male Rat Medial Preoptic Area Maintains Mating Behavior

Habteab, Biniyam Seged 02 May 2007 (has links)
ABSTRACT Evidence from knockout studies in male mice and from experiments in male rats,in which expression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene was inhibited in the medial preoptic area (MPO), suggests that ERα is important in the control of male rat mating behavior. Therefore, in this experiment, we tested the hypothesis that activation of ERα in the MPO is sufficient to maintain mating behavior in castrated male rats receiving subcutaneously (s.c.) dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a non-aromatizable androgen. Accordingly, castrated rats treated with DHT s.c. received MPO implants of either: (i) propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT) (Stauffer, et al 2000; Katzenellenbogen, et al 2000), a selective ERα agonist, (ii) E2 (positive controls) or (iii) cholesterol (negative controls)and sexual behavior was monitored. PPT was as effective as E2 at maintaining mating behavior suggesting that, in the MPO, ERα is sufficient to mediate responses to E2 that underlie male rat mating behavior.
8

Etude de résolutions catalysées par des lipases sous irradiation micro-onde

Rouillard, Hervé 30 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
La demande en composés chiraux est en plein essor ces dernières années. Pour accéder à leur synthèse, la biocatalyse, couplée à l'irradiation pourrait être une méthode innovante. Il existe en effet de nombreux cas dans la littérature où l'utilisation de micro-onde semble avoir un effet activateur sur l'efficacité enzymatique.Cependant, l'effet de l'irradiation micro-onde est mal compris et controversé. Le but de cette thèse était d'étudier l'impact de l'irradiation micro-onde sur des lipases, immobilisées ou non, en étudiant différentes réactions modèles, allant de la résolution d'alcools secondaires linéaires simples à la résolution de polyols complexes, et alcools polyfonctionalisés, par comparaison entre chauffage sous irradiation micro-onde (en conditions drastiques ou non) au chauffage classique. L'étude de l'irradiation micro-onde sur la stabilité enzymatique et sur paramètres intrinsèques de l'enzyme après modification des paramètres réactionnels a permis de mettre en évidence un rôle indéniable de l'irradiation micro-onde sur l'efficacité des réactions enzymatiques. Il a été possible d'une part de diminuer de façon importante les temps réactionnels, comparé au chauffage traditionnel,et d'autre part de contrôler efficacement l'énantio préférence et la sélectivité de la lipase pour l'obtention de molécules d'intérêt. Par des procédés innovants, l'impact de la puissance d'irradiation a été montré comme hautement dépendant du modèle réactionnel étudié. En optimisant les conditions réactionnelles pour obtenir les meilleures sélectivités et activités enzymatique sous irradiation micro-onde, la synthèse de a-hydroxyamides chiraux et de polyols parfaitement résolus a pu être entreprise de façon rapide, propre, tout en respectant les principes de chimie verte.
9

Actions of Selective Estrogenic Drugs Implanted Into the Medial Amygdala on Male Rat Mating Behavior

Dunigan, Anna I 04 April 2012 (has links)
Estrogen stimulation of the medial amygdala (MEA) of the brain promotes male rat mating behavior. However, selective stimulation of either of the estrogen receptor subtypes found in the MEA (ERα or ERβ) does not support mating behavior. We tested the hypothesis that dual stimulation of ERα and ERβ is required to activate estrogen-dependant neural circuits in the MEA responsible for mating by local treatment of MEA with a combination of selective estrogenic agonists: propyl pyrazole triol (PPT, an ERα agonist ) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN, an ERβ agonist) administered to castrated, DHT maintained male rats. Estradiol (E2) or cholesterol (Chol) MEA implants served as positive and negative controls respectively. The animals receiving a mixture of PPT and DPN into the MEA displayed higher levels of mating behavior than the Chol treated animals but lower levels of mating behavior than the E2 treated animals.
10

Nemrznoucí teplonosné kapaliny na bázi glycerolu / Non - freezing heat transfer liquids on glycerol platform

Trombik, Tomasz January 2011 (has links)
This thesis is focused on proposition of non-freezing heat transfer fluid. Fluid will be based on mixture of propane-1,2,3-triol with water and modern corrosion inhibitors. Then will be investigate, if this new compound is competetive to common used liquids like ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.

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