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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hranljiva vrednost sirovog i termički obrađenog zrna soje u ishrani tovnih pilića u zavisnosti od nivoa tripsin inhibitora / Nutritive value of raw and heat treatedsoybean in broilers nutrition dependingof the level of tripsin inhibitor

Beuković Dejan 19 September 2014 (has links)
<p>Soja predstavlja jedan od osnovnih hraniva koje se koristi u ishrani pilića u tovu, za<br />zadovoljenje potreba u proteinima i esencijalnim aminokiselinama. Po ukupnom<br />sadržaju proteina i njihovoj biolo&scaron;koj vrednosti soja se svrstava u jedno od<br />najkvalitetnijih proteinskih hraniva, čija aminokiselinska struktura može potpuno da<br />zadovolji potrebe pilića u skoro svim esencijalnim aminokiselinama. Prisustvo<br />Kunitz tripsin inhibitora (KTI), i drugih termolabilnih antinutritivnih faktora<br />ograničava upotrebu soje uz obaveznu termičku obradu. Selekcijski napredak<br />omogućio je stvaranje novih sorti koje imaju niži nivo antinutritivnih faktora, među<br />kojima je i sorta &bdquo;Lana&ldquo;. Prema ostvarenim rezultatima upotreba soje sorte &bdquo;Lana&ldquo; u<br />sme&scaron;ama (grover i fini&scaron;er) za ishranu brojlera u koncentraciji od 30% dala je<br />značajno lo&scaron;ije proizvodne parametre u odnosu na termički tretiranu, ali i značajno<br />bolje u odnosu na termički neobrađenu sortu sa standardnim nivoom KTI.<br />Zabeležena ekonomska efikasnost i indeks cena u SL grupi je skoro isti kao i kod<br />grupa sa termičkim tretmanom. Najveća povr&scaron;ina i visina crevnih resica, kao i<br />dubina kripte je zabeležena u SL grupi. Konstatovana je statistički vrlo značajna<br />hipertrofija pankreasa i uvećanje jetre kod SS grupe ali i značajno uvećanje<br />pankreasa u SL grupi u odnosu na grupe sa termičkim tretmanom. Evidentna je i<br />značajno lo&scaron;ija svarljivost hranljivih materija (marker metoda, i metoda totalne<br />kolekcije) u SL i SS grupama nasuprot onih grupa koje su bile na termičkom<br />tretmanu. Kod upotrebe različitih nivoa sorte &bdquo;Lana&ldquo; u fini&scaron;er (peletiranim)<br />sme&scaron;ama za ishranu brojlera, kada su u pitanju proizvodni parametri, dobijene<br />vrednosti su zadovoljavajuće uz sporadična odstupanja u grupama SL14% i SL21%.<br />Takođe Indeks cena i ekonomske efikasnosti je vrlo približan kontrolnoj grupi.<br />Svarljivost u distalnom ileumu je bila značajno bolja u kontrolnoj i 7%SL grupi, za<br />razliku od proksimalnog ileuma gde ne postoji statistička značajnost. Svarljivost<br />azota u distalnom ileumu je bila značajno lo&scaron;ija u 21% SL grupi, dok u<br />proksimalnom ileumu nije bilo statistički značajnih razlika. Retencija azota je bila<br />značajno bolja u kontrolnoj i 7%SL grupi. Razmatrajući sve rezultate, upotreba soje<br />&bdquo;Lana&ldquo; u ishrani brojlera bez prethodne termičke obrade nije preporučljiva u ishrani<br />od 11 dana u koncentraciji od 30% , ali je moguća u peletiranim fini&scaron;er sme&scaron;ama u<br />nivou do 14% udela u sme&scaron;i.</p> / <p>Soybean is one of the basic feed used in the chickens diet for , to satisfy the protein<br />and essential amino acids needs. By total protein content and their biological value,<br />the soybean is classified as one of the best protein sources, whose amino acid<br />structure can fully meet the needs of chickens in almost all essential amino acids.<br />The presence of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), and other thermolabile<br />antinutritional factors limiting the use of soy with necessary thermal processing.<br />Selection progress has enabled the creation of new varieties that have lower levels of<br />anti-nutritional factors, including the variety &quot;Lana&quot;. Our results showed that the use<br />of soybean variety &quot;Lana&quot; in mixtures (grower and finisher) for broilers at the<br />concentration of 30% gave a significantly lower production parameters, as compared<br />to heat-treated, but also a significant better, compared to the thermally non-treated<br />soybean variety with standard level of KTI . Noted Economic efficiency and the<br />Price index in the SL group was almost the same as in the group with thermal<br />treatment. Largest surface and height of the villi and crypt depth was observed in the<br />SL group. We found a statistically significant hypertrophy of the pancreas and<br />enlargement of the liver in the SS group and a significant increase in pancreatic at<br />SL group compared to the groups with thermal treatment. Evident is significantly<br />worse digestibility of nutrients (marker method , and the method of total collection )<br />in the SL and SS groups opposed to those groups that were on the thermal treatment.<br />When using a different levels of variety &quot; Lana&quot; in the finisher ( pelleted ) diets for<br />broilers , in terms of production parameters, values obtained were satisfactory with<br />sporadic deviations in groups and SL14% SL21% . Also index price and economic<br />efficiency is highly approximate to the control group. The digestibility at the distal<br />ileum was significantly better in the control and the SL 7%, group in contrast to the<br />proximal ileum, where is no statistical significance. The digestibility of nitrogen in<br />the distal ileum was significantly inferior to 21% SL group, and in the proximal<br />ileum, there is no statistically significant differences. Nitrogen retention was<br />significantly better control, and in 7%SL group. Considering all the results, the use<br />of variety &quot;Lana&quot; in diet for broilers without heat treatment is not recommended in<br />the grower mixture (from 11 day) at the concentration of 30%, but it is freely<br />available for use in pellet for of finisher mixture, at levels up to 14% of mixture.</p>
2

Efeito do inibidor  de proteinase de origem vegetal EcTI, sobre a inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica em camundongos Balb/c / Effect of proteinase inhibitor of plant origin EcTI in an experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation in Balb/c mice

Rodrigues, Adriana Palmeira Dias 21 March 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A prevalência de asma tem crescido e a maioria dos pacientes com asma grave não obtém o controle total dos sintomas com as terapias disponíveis, fazendo-se necessária a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas. Inibidores de proteinases têm sido estudados como tratamento de processos inflamatórios, dentre eles o Enterolobium contortisiliquum Tripsin Inhibitor (EcTI) OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o inibidor de proteinase EcTI modula a hiperresponsividade brônquica à metacolina, inflamação, remodelamento e estresse oxidativo nas vias aéreas e septos alveolares em um modelo experimental de inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro camundongos Balb/c machos, entre seis e sete semanas de vida, pesando em media 25 g foram divididos em quatro grupos: C (controle), OVA (sensibilizados com ovalbumina, 50 ug intraperironeal (i.p) nos dias 0 e 14 e desafiados nos dias 22, 24, 26, 28); C+EC (controle tratados com EcTI (2 mg/kg/i.p) nos dias 22 a 28); OVA+EC (sensibilizados e desafiados com ovalbumina e também tratados com EcTI (2 mg/kg -i.p) nos dias 22 a 28). No dia 29, foram realizadas realizadas: (i) hiperresponsividade à metacolina e obtidas as respostas máximas de resistência e elastância do sistema respiratório; (ii) análise histopatológica do pulmão para quantificação de eosinófilos, fibras colágenas e elásticas nas vias aéreas (VA) e nos septos alveolares (SA); e (iii) imunohistoquímica para quantificação de células positivas para IFN-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-beta, iNOS, NF-kB e fração de volume de isoprostano nas VA e nos SA. Uma semana após o dia 29 foi realizada a técnica de anafilaxia cutanea passiva(PCA) para quantificar IgE e IgG1. A significância foi considerada quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento de todos os parâmetros avaliados no grupo OVA em relação ao grupo controle (p < 0,05). Houve atenuação da resposta máxima de Rrs e Ers no grupo OVA+EC comparado as grupo OVA (p < 0,05). O tratamento com EcTI nos animais sensibilizados atenuou o número de eosinófilos, células positivas para IL-4, IL-5, IL-13,IFN-y, iNOS, MMP-9, TIMP-1, NF-kB e TGF-beta e fração de volume de isoprostano, fibras colágenas e elásticas nas vias aéreas e nos séptos alveolares quando comparado ao grupo OVA (p < 0,05).Houve reaçao de PCA nos animais sensibilizados com ovalbumina. CONCLUSÃO: EcTI atenuou a hiperresponsividade brônquica, a inflamação, o remodelamento e o estresse oxidativo nesse modelo experimental de inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos, esse inibidor pode ser considerado uma futura ferramenta farmacológica para o tratamento de asma / BACKGROUND: The number of cases of asthma has grown in recent decades. People who have severe asthma are likely to have more attacks and are at greater risk of a fatal attack, which propose to keep up global attention and keep approaching for advances in asthma care. Proteinase inhibitors of vegetable origin have been studied as a modulator of inflammatory responses and diseases. Among these inhibitors is Enterolobium contortisiliquum Trypsin Inhibitor (EcTI). AIMS: To evaluate the effects of EcTI in pulmonary mechanical, eosinophilic recruitment, inflammatory cytokines, remodeling of extracellular matrix and oxidative stressin an experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. METHODS: Twenty-four young adult male pathogen-free mice BALB/c (6-7 weeks old, 25-30g) were divided into 4 groups: C (control), OVA (sensitized with ovalbumin, 50 ug intraperitoneal (i.p), on days 0 and 14 and challenged with ova 1%, on days 22, 24, 26, 28); C+EC (control treated with EcTI- 2 mg/kg/i.p. from days 22 to 28); OVA+EC (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with EcTI (2 mg/kg/i.p) from days 22 to 28). At day 29, we performed: (i) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and obtained the maximum response of resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) of the respiratory system; (ii) lung histopathological analysis by morphometry to quantify eosinophils, collagen and elastic fibers volume fraction in airways; and (iii) immunohistochemistry to quantify IFN-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-, iNOS, NF-kB positive cells and isoprostane volume fraction in airways. One week after the day 29 we performed PCA technique to quantify IgE and IgG1 antibodies. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The EcTI treatment in the ovalbumin-sensitized animals attenuated the maximal response of resistance and elastance of respiratory system after methacholine, the number of eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-y, NF-kB and iNOS-positive cells, isoprostane, elastic, collagen volume fraction, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta-positive cells compared to OVA group (p < 0.05). PCA was positive in sensitized animals. CONCLUSION: EcTI attenuates bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress activation in this experimental asthma mice model. Although more studies are needed this inhibitor may be considered a future pharmacological tool for the treatment of asthma
3

Efeito do inibidor  de proteinase de origem vegetal EcTI, sobre a inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica em camundongos Balb/c / Effect of proteinase inhibitor of plant origin EcTI in an experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation in Balb/c mice

Adriana Palmeira Dias Rodrigues 21 March 2016 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A prevalência de asma tem crescido e a maioria dos pacientes com asma grave não obtém o controle total dos sintomas com as terapias disponíveis, fazendo-se necessária a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas. Inibidores de proteinases têm sido estudados como tratamento de processos inflamatórios, dentre eles o Enterolobium contortisiliquum Tripsin Inhibitor (EcTI) OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o inibidor de proteinase EcTI modula a hiperresponsividade brônquica à metacolina, inflamação, remodelamento e estresse oxidativo nas vias aéreas e septos alveolares em um modelo experimental de inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro camundongos Balb/c machos, entre seis e sete semanas de vida, pesando em media 25 g foram divididos em quatro grupos: C (controle), OVA (sensibilizados com ovalbumina, 50 ug intraperironeal (i.p) nos dias 0 e 14 e desafiados nos dias 22, 24, 26, 28); C+EC (controle tratados com EcTI (2 mg/kg/i.p) nos dias 22 a 28); OVA+EC (sensibilizados e desafiados com ovalbumina e também tratados com EcTI (2 mg/kg -i.p) nos dias 22 a 28). No dia 29, foram realizadas realizadas: (i) hiperresponsividade à metacolina e obtidas as respostas máximas de resistência e elastância do sistema respiratório; (ii) análise histopatológica do pulmão para quantificação de eosinófilos, fibras colágenas e elásticas nas vias aéreas (VA) e nos septos alveolares (SA); e (iii) imunohistoquímica para quantificação de células positivas para IFN-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-beta, iNOS, NF-kB e fração de volume de isoprostano nas VA e nos SA. Uma semana após o dia 29 foi realizada a técnica de anafilaxia cutanea passiva(PCA) para quantificar IgE e IgG1. A significância foi considerada quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento de todos os parâmetros avaliados no grupo OVA em relação ao grupo controle (p < 0,05). Houve atenuação da resposta máxima de Rrs e Ers no grupo OVA+EC comparado as grupo OVA (p < 0,05). O tratamento com EcTI nos animais sensibilizados atenuou o número de eosinófilos, células positivas para IL-4, IL-5, IL-13,IFN-y, iNOS, MMP-9, TIMP-1, NF-kB e TGF-beta e fração de volume de isoprostano, fibras colágenas e elásticas nas vias aéreas e nos séptos alveolares quando comparado ao grupo OVA (p < 0,05).Houve reaçao de PCA nos animais sensibilizados com ovalbumina. CONCLUSÃO: EcTI atenuou a hiperresponsividade brônquica, a inflamação, o remodelamento e o estresse oxidativo nesse modelo experimental de inflamação pulmonar alérgica crônica. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos, esse inibidor pode ser considerado uma futura ferramenta farmacológica para o tratamento de asma / BACKGROUND: The number of cases of asthma has grown in recent decades. People who have severe asthma are likely to have more attacks and are at greater risk of a fatal attack, which propose to keep up global attention and keep approaching for advances in asthma care. Proteinase inhibitors of vegetable origin have been studied as a modulator of inflammatory responses and diseases. Among these inhibitors is Enterolobium contortisiliquum Trypsin Inhibitor (EcTI). AIMS: To evaluate the effects of EcTI in pulmonary mechanical, eosinophilic recruitment, inflammatory cytokines, remodeling of extracellular matrix and oxidative stressin an experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. METHODS: Twenty-four young adult male pathogen-free mice BALB/c (6-7 weeks old, 25-30g) were divided into 4 groups: C (control), OVA (sensitized with ovalbumin, 50 ug intraperitoneal (i.p), on days 0 and 14 and challenged with ova 1%, on days 22, 24, 26, 28); C+EC (control treated with EcTI- 2 mg/kg/i.p. from days 22 to 28); OVA+EC (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with EcTI (2 mg/kg/i.p) from days 22 to 28). At day 29, we performed: (i) Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and obtained the maximum response of resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) of the respiratory system; (ii) lung histopathological analysis by morphometry to quantify eosinophils, collagen and elastic fibers volume fraction in airways; and (iii) immunohistochemistry to quantify IFN-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-, iNOS, NF-kB positive cells and isoprostane volume fraction in airways. One week after the day 29 we performed PCA technique to quantify IgE and IgG1 antibodies. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The EcTI treatment in the ovalbumin-sensitized animals attenuated the maximal response of resistance and elastance of respiratory system after methacholine, the number of eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-y, NF-kB and iNOS-positive cells, isoprostane, elastic, collagen volume fraction, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta-positive cells compared to OVA group (p < 0.05). PCA was positive in sensitized animals. CONCLUSION: EcTI attenuates bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress activation in this experimental asthma mice model. Although more studies are needed this inhibitor may be considered a future pharmacological tool for the treatment of asthma

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