Moderation does not constitute a monolithic model and the difference in the moderation process will influence the way a political party manages its internal dynamics. The cases of the AKP and the PKS show that both have different levels of moderation due to the different contexts of their social and political environments. The AKP has to deal with an extreme interpretation of secularism in Turkey that influences the party’s members to refrain from any confrontation with secular strongholds. The PKS has more freedom to express its ideology in the Indonesian democratic political system; hence the party is able to develop internal organisational procedures and programmes based on religious principles. To anticipate difficulties arising from from moderation, the AKP uses an organisational approach to give space for open and dynamic internal management and reduce the role of ideology significantly. The PKS still utilises its ideology in managing the impact of moderation by defining religious values as principles of organisation in parallel with organisational principles. Both parties are relatively successful in convincing their members to trust the party and its leaders in different ways. Party vision and personal charisma are more apparent for the AKP, although the PKS has to rely on interpretation of ideology as the main source of trust. By placing more emphasis on organisation, the AKP employs definition of violation toward party’s rules and decisions based on an organisational approach. In contrast, the definition of violation in the PKS relies on both religious and organisational principles. As a result, the AKP implements policies to dismiss members based on unambiguous principles with relatively insignificant opposition. The PKS has to deal with complaints of dismissal since the policies are taken based on interpretation of procedures and reasons. It is also proven that the AKP is able to convince voters by offering programmes to meet popular demands without relying on a religious agenda. While the PKS has been successful in developing an effective and solid party, it still has many problems in gaining support during elections as its pragmatic adjustment moderation also generates confusion internally and externally.

This thesis describes a series of empirical studies about perceptions of trustworthiness and trusting behaviour. My first three studies investigate how perceptions of trustworthiness are related to both general preferences for sexually dimorphic face characteristics and individual differences in these preferences. My first study (Chapter 2) provided evidence against a simplistic 'halo-effect' view of the relationship between attractiveness and trustworthiness. The next two studies (Chapters 3 and 4) clarified the role of perceptions of trustworthiness in individual differences in women’s preferences for sexually dimorphic cues in men’s faces; while perceptions of trustworthiness did not explain condition-dependent individual differences (Chapter 3), they were implicated in temporal context-dependent preferences, such as when women assessed men’s attractiveness for long-term relationships (Chapter 4). My next two studies examined perceptions of trustworthiness in different contexts. The first of these studies demonstrated that different individuals are more likely to be trusted according to the type of information that they are conveying (Chapter 5); men are more likely to be trusted when delivering male-stereotyped information and women are more likely to be trusted when delivering female-stereotyped information. The last of my studies (Chapter 6) demonstrated how own appearance affects trusting behaviour in an economic game; the extent to which participants trusted game partners who could see them more than game partners who could not see them was positively related to their other-rated attractiveness. Collectively, the findings reported in this thesis demonstrate the relationship between perceptions of attractiveness and perceptions of trustworthiness, highlighting the complexity and sophistication of the perception of these fundamental social characteristics.

This study examines changing conceptions of the Southern Gulf Islands, an archipelago on the coast of British Columbia, through the twentieth century. By drawing on ideas put forward by government officials, journalists, residents, and travellers it develops an explanation for how and why a conception of the Gulf Islands as a ‘special’ or ‘unique’ pastoral landscape emerged as a result of interactions between individuals and groups, and their political, social, economic, and physical environments. It then examines how these ideas in turn influenced the development of land-use policies and programs, and in particular how an innovative, overarching planning commission called the Islands Trust emerged in 1974 as a mechanism devoted to limiting development and defending the Islands as a pastoral landscape of leisure. More than reflecting such a pastoral depiction of the Islands, the initiatives undertaken by the newly formed Trust ascribed to the idea that a defining lifestyle, characterized by arcadian pursuits such as mixed farming, boutique logging, handicrafts, or the arts, was legitimate for such a landscape. By embracing such a conception of the Gulf Islands’ environment, the Islands Trust endeavoured to preserve and create this landscape through an agenda that supported farmland, forest, and open space retention, and encouraged those activities deemed to be in keeping with the unique ‘character’ of the Islands. The initial work of enshrining the pastoral ‘character’ of the Islands into land-use planning policies and programs by the Trust laid a framework for ongoing efforts to shape the landscape, economy, development, and identity of the region into the present day. / Graduate / 0334

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The concepts of DoD information operations and network centric warfare are still in their infancy. In order to develop concepts, the right conceptual models need to be developed from which to design and implement these concepts. Information operations and network centric warfare are fundamentally based on trust decisions. However, the key to developing these concepts is for DoD to develop the organizational framework from which trust, inside and outside, of an organization may be achieved and used to its advantage. In this thesis, an organizational model is submitted for review to be applied to DoD information systems and operational organizations. / Outstanding Thesis / Lieutenant, United States Navy

The purpose of this study is explaining the effect of trust on consumers mobile commerce adoption under the influence of cross-cultural effects in the tourism industry.  This research applied a quantitative method, with a total sample size of 200. The collected samples are coming from China and France in the tourism industry. The result of this study is in line with previous studies that trust plays a crucial role in mobile commerce(MC) adoption of consumers. Design, privacy and reputation are very important determinants of trust on MC adoption. This study shows that uncertainty avoidance(UA) has a negative impact on the relationship between trust and MC adoption, and the moderating effect of UA is weaker for the consumer who are accustomed to low UA culture, compared to those who are accustomed to high-level UA culture.

Studien syftar till att från den anställdes perspektiv skapa en större förståelse för relationen mellan organisationens identitet och den anställdes förtroende för ledaren. Då studiens syfte har varit att skapa en ökad förståelse för relationen mellan dessa två begrepp så valdes en kvalitativ metod. Vid datainsamlingen har semistrukturerade intervjuer utförts. Dessa genomfördes med 10 anställda fastighetsmäklare i Stockholm, Gävle och Sandviken och datan har sedan analyserats genom en tematisk analys. Vidare presenteras och diskuteras resultatet. Resultaten indikerar att den anställdes förtroende för sin lokala ledare påverkar dennes identifikation och organisationsidentiteten. Vidare ser vi även tecken på att identifikationen och organisationsidentiteten påverkar varandra. / Aim: The aim of the study is to from the employee’s perspective create an increased understanding of the relationship between the organizational identity and the employee´s trust in its leader. Method: Since the aim of the study is to increase the understanding of how organizational identity and trust for the leader is experienced a qualitative method have been chosen. For the data collection semi-structured interviews have been used and the ten persons who have been interviewed are employed as real-estate agents in Stockholm, Gävle and Sandviken. The material has later been analyzed through a thematic analysis and the results have been presented and discussed. Result & Conclusions: The study's results demonstrate that the employee’s trust in their local leaders affect their identification with the organization as well as the organizational identity. Furthermore, the study indicates that identification and the organizational identity influence each other.

The Manchester Blitz was relatively short, lasting two nights in December 1940, when around 1,000 people were killed and more than 3,000 injured in the city centre, Salford and the residential areas near Old Trafford. This thesis focuses on the reaction to this heavy bombing by the local and regional newspapers of Manchester, which was Britain’s second press centre at the time. The newspapers, the Manchester Guardian, Manchester Evening News and Evening Chronicle, are studied over an eight-week period from mid December 1940. According to these editions, Mancunians were unbowed by the death and destruction wrought by the Luftwaffe and had a steely determination to win the war. Contemporary writing, including individual diaries and reports from Mass Observation and Home Intelligence, tells a more complicated and nuanced story. The thesis finds that the Manchester newspapers submitted their coverage to more self-imposed censorship than was being demanded even by a government desperate to maintain morale. They did so partly because they feared they would be closed down if they offended the censor, but also because they felt that patriotism had a greater priority than maintaining the news values of the time. The newspapers could have exposed local authority incompetence and shortcomings in the emergency services but chose instead to paint a rosy picture of defiance by omission, distortion and, in some cases, deceit. They did not do so independently, but in accordance with the reporting norms in Fleet Street and other British provincial cities during the Second World War. Circulations rose for both national and local newspapers during the war, but the cost was a further severing of the confidence people had in their press. When readers themselves became the story by being the victims of the Blitz they discovered there was often a gap between the truth and what appeared in print. It is a trust that has not been recovered to this day.

With increased immigration into western democracies, how to establish generalised trust in society has received new attention. Are minorities and immigrants low trust levels best remediated through Putnam’s theory of civil organisation engagement or Rothstein’s theory of impartial institutions? Simultaneously, people are hired based on their cultural identity to work with minorities and immigrants in Swedish public administration, which is thought to increase the target group’s trust. This resembles the ideas of representative bureaucracy and conflicts with traditional merit recruitment and Rothstein’s theory. This thesis uses an inductive ideal type method based on an assumption of thin rationality to study the phenomena of hiring based on cultural identity, which it names cultural professionalism. It askes firstly, what does cultural professionalism contribute with that makes it desirable for actors in public administration and how is this related to trust? Secondly, what are the trade-offs when using cultural professionalism in public administration? Through studying the rational of the phenomena for actors directly affected by it, the findings indicate that cultural professionalism is a way to communicate information and legitimise implementation towards minority groups. The cultural professionals use their trustworthiness within the group to link implementation and information from public administration towards the group, and information from the group towards public administration. This information also has a socialising potential. The trust is however particularised, i.e. not bridged to public administration. Problematic logics discovered in the material are evaluated towards the three values of public administration: democracy, rule of law and efficiency. In sum, cultural professionals imply trade-offs for democracy and rule of law, and appears to favour efficiency. Lastly, cultural professionalism is described and defined as a “new” ideal type legitimacy model in policy implementation.

The Trust Fund is for the Czech law a completely new institution, therefore its deeper legal examination and interpretation of its individual provisions is just at the beginning. It is generally regulated by the Act no. 89/2012 Sb., the Civil Code, as amended. The essence of the Trust Fund lies in the fact that the Settlor separates a specified part of his property and entrusts it to some purpose. This creates a separated property, to which has the original owner (the Settlor) no ownership rights. Management of this separated property performs the Trustee. However, he has no ownership of this property. Property in the Trust Fund does not belong to anyone, but the Trustee can dispose of it. The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively summarize and analyze the taxation of the Trust Fund according to the regulation applicable in 2014 and also after its revision in January 2015. The thesis identifies the problems and uncertainties in taxation of Trust Fund. It explains how these problems were solved by the revision of the Tax Law and in case of persisting uncertainties proposes solutions de lege ferenda. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with the institution of Trust Fund. There is explained its essence, function and obligatory requirements. The second, main part of this thesis...

Summary: I chose the topic of my master's thesis considering the recency of the subject according to the recodification of private law. Legal institute of trust has been in Czech lands since 19th century and nowadays it experiences it's controversial return. Although the recent legal form of trust is defended by authors of the new Civil Code, experts criticise it roughly and there are ongoing negotiations about abrogation of the legal institute or about its amendment. This thesis is composed of ten thematic chapters. After the introduction I explain the origin of the legal institute of trust in Roman law, specifically in the form of fideikomis and its development. As the legal form results from The Civil Code of Québec highly influenced by the legal institute of trust, I focus on the legal institute of trust in common-law countries in the third chapter. I also dedicate one chapter to The Civil Code of Québec, as it was the main source of inspiration for Czech legislators. For a period of absence of the legal regulation of the trust in Czech law, according to the Hague Convention it was possible to create foreign trusts on the territory of the Czech Republic. For that reason I discuss the legal regulation of trusts abroad in chapter five. Sixth and seventh chapter is dedicated to the regulation of trust in...