The research entailed an exploration of the design of job descriptions (JDs) in the South African Police Service (SAPS). A JD represents an official document that defines general duties, tasks, and related job responsibilities. It details the job features and the essential abilities required to perform the job. JDs are fundamental and vital to outline the job duties harmonised with the relevant organisation’s policy, ethos, goals, mission, and vision. Participants in this study were purposefully chosen to conduct semi-structured interviews and focus groups with information-rich SAPS Human Resource (HR) practitioners from both the support and operational career streams, to gain their insights into and viewpoints on the JD processes in the SAPS. The National Head Office: Divisions: Human Resource Utilisation (HRU) and Operational Response Service (ORS) and the information-rich provincial HR practitioners who support and monitor the implementation of JDs in the SAPS were included in this study. The participants were asked to answer open-ended questions that aimed to explore the design of JDs in the SAPS. The interviews were recorded with the participants’ permission. The recorded information was translated verbatim and analysed. The six fundamental themes that emerged are: value and benefits of JDs; processes to coordinate and monitor JDs to ensure effective management; the potential of JDs to enhance police performance; knowledge and skills for designing JDs; attitudes, experiences, and challenges of JDs; and recommendations of electronic JD systems. The topics were delineated using direct quotations from the participants as gained during the interviews. Opinions, experiences, administrative aspects, and criticism of the various features of JDs in the SAPS was explored. In summary, the research recommendations and conclusion were given. The results of this study show there are several factors that can enable and optimise inclusion in the effective designing process of JDs in the SAPS. / Ucwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlolisiswa komdwebo wezincazelo zemisebenzi (JDs) eNingizimu Afrika Amaphoyisa (SAPS). I-JD imelela idokhumenti esemthethweni echaza imisebenzi ejwayelekile, imisebenzi, kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ehlobene. It ichaza izici zomsebenzi kanye namakhono abalulekile adingekayo ukuze enze lo msebenzi. I-JDs iyigugu futhi ibalulekile ukuchaza imisebenzi ehambisana nomgomo wenhlangano efanele, izinhloso, izinhloso, umsebenzi kanye nombono. Abahlanganyeli kulolu cwaningo babekhethwe ngenhloso yokuqhuba izingxoxo ezihleliwe kanye namaqembu okugxila abasebenza nge-SAPS Human Resource (HR) abaqeqeshiwe abavela kuzo zombili ukusekela nokusebenza kwemifudlana yomsebenzi, ukuze bathole ukuqonda kwabo kanye nokubukwa kwizinhlelo ze-JD kuma-SAPS. I-Ofisi Eyinhloko Kazwelonke: Izigaba: Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Yabantu (HRU) kanye ne-Operational Response Service (ORS) kanye nabasebenzi abacebile be-HR esifundazweni abanolwazi abaxhasa futhi baqaphe ukuqaliswa kwe-JDs kuma-SAPS bafakiwe kulolu cwaningo. Abahlanganyeli babuzwa ukuthi baphendule imibuzo evulekile ehlose ukuhlola ukuklama kwama-JD ku-SAPS. Lezi zincwadi zabhalwa nemvume yabahlanganyeli. Ulwazi olurekhodiwe luhunyushwe ngokucacile futhi luhlaziywe. Izingqikithi eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo ezivela ziyizi: inani nenzuzo ye-JDs; izinqubo zokuxhumanisa nokuqapha i-JDs ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo; ikhono lama-JDs ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphoyisa; ulwazi namakhono wokwakha i-JDs; isimo sengqondo, okuhlangenwe nakho, nezinselelo ze-JDs; kanye nezincomo zezinhlelo ze-JD zobuchwepheshe. Izihloko zachazwa ngokucaphuno okuqondile kusuka kubahlanganyeli njengoba zitholakale ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana. Imibono, okuhlangenwe nakho, izici zokuphatha, nokugxeka izici ezihlukahlukene ze-JDs ku-SAPS kuhlolwe. Ngamafuphi, izincomo zocwaningo nesiphetho zanikezwa. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibonisa ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezingasiza futhi zenzeke ukufakwa ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo kwe-JDs kuma-SAPS. / Phuputso e kenyeletsa ho hlahloba moralo oa litlhaloso tsa mosebetsi (JDs) Lefapheng la Mapolesa a Afrika Boroa (SAPS). JD e emela tokomane ea molao e hlalosang mesebetsi e tloaelehileng, mesebetsi le mesebetsi e amanang le mosebetsi. E hlalosa lintlha tsa mosebetsi le bokhoni ba bohlokoa bo hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa mosebetsi. Li-JDs ke tsa motheo le tsa bohlokoa ho hlalosang mesebetsi e lumellanang le leano la mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, litokelo, lipakane, mosebetsi le pono. Barupeluoa thutong ena ba ne ba khethiloe ka boomo ho etsa lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng hantle le lihlopha tse tsepamisisang maikutlo le basebeletsi ba ruileng ba SAPS Human Resource (HR) ba tšehetso le litšebeletso tsa mesebetsi e le hore ba fumane litlhaloso tsa bona le maikutlo a bona ka ts'ebetso ea JD SAPS. Lekala la Sechaba: Likarohano: Tšebeliso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Botho (HRU) le Tšebeletso ea Likarabo tsa Ts'ebetso (ORS) le basebetsi ba ruileng ba profinseng ba HR ba tšehetsang le ho shebella ts'ebetsong ea JDs ho SAPS ba kenyelelitsoe thuputsong ena. Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba arabe lipotso tse bulehileng tse neng li reretsoe ho hlahloba moralo oa JDs ho SAPS. Lipuisano li ngotsoe ka tumello ea barupeluoa. Boitsebiso bo tlalehiloeng bo fetoletsoe ka mantsoe le ho hlahlojoa. Lihlooho tse tšeletseng tsa bohlokoa tse hlahang ke: boleng le melemo ea JDs; e sebetsana le ho hokahanya le ho hlahloba li-JD ho etsa bonnete ba hore tsamaiso e nepahetseng; bokhoni ba JDs ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mapolesa; tsebo le bokhoni ba ho theha JDs; boikutlo, liphihlelo le mathata a JDs; le litlhahiso tsa mekhoa ea JD ea elektronike. Lihlooho li hlalositsoe ka litlhaloso tse tobileng ho tsoa ho barupeluoa tse fumanoang nakong ea lipuisano. Maikutlo, liphihlelo, likarolo tsa tsamaiso, le ho nyatsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa JDs li SAPS li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Ka kakaretso, liphuputso le liphello li ile tsa fanoa. Liphello tsa phuputso ena li bonts'a hore ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tse ka khonang le ho ntlafatsa ho kenngoa tshebetsong e sebetsang ea ho qapa li-JDs ho SAPS. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

Abstract in English, Sesotho and Zulu / The occurrence of Open Distance and e-Learning revolutionized Higher Education Institutions for students to access instruction at anytime and anywhere. Students benefitted instruction of anytime and anywhere in one of the Technology Education courses in ODeL from the e-tutors. As a result of the support from the e-tutors, the curriculum was designed to place a strong emphasis on the design process as the core around which the teaching of the curriculum should revolve. However, it is still not clear how effective is the content knowledge which relates to the design process from the e-tutors. In acknowledgment from such a gap, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the e-tutors’ technological, pedagogical, content knowledge of teaching design process within Technology Education specialization. In order to achieve this purpose, two theories, namely Transactional distance and Connectivism were coined together with the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework to underpin the study. The philosophical worldview is pragmatism having employed mixed method. Participants in this study were 145 students who registered a year programme for two modules in the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme at a Higher Education institution were surveyed to collect the quantitative data. Data from the face-to-face semi-structured interviews were collected with five e-tutors from the research sites. Online observations data were collected from the e-tutor sites of the institution’s learning management system (LMS). The results suggest that e tutors still lack the technology knowledge in order to deliver the content aimed for the design process in an ODeL environment. Also, it was evidenced that the e-tutors have not acquired pedagogical strategies for driving the pedagogy for the design process in an ideal context of ODeL. It should also be borne in mind that findings for the content knowledge indicated that the e-tutors still lack the knowledge for exploiting content knowledge of the design process to suit an ODeL environment. These findings highlight a need for technology to support e tutors’ pedagogical strategies towards a meaningful understanding of the design process and its implications across ODeL contexts. / Ketsahalo ea Open Distance le e-Learning e ntlafalitse litsi tsa thuto e phahameng bakeng sa baithuti ho fihlella taeo nako efe kapa efe le kae kapa kae. Baithuti ba ile ba rua molemo taelong ea nako efe kapa efe le kae kapa kae ho e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa Technology Technology ho ODeL ho tsoa ho li-tutors. Ka lebaka la ts'ehetso e tsoang ho li-tutors, kharikhulamo e ne e etselitsoe ho hatisa ka matla ts'ebetso ea moralo e le khubu eo thuto ea kharikhulamo e lokelang ho potoloha ho eona. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho sa hlaka hore na tsebo ea litaba e sebetsa hantle hakae e amanang le tšebetso ea moralo ho tsoa ho li-tutors. Ho ananela lekhalo le joalo, phuputso ena e ne e ikemiselitse ho tseba kamano lipakeng tsa theknoloji ea "e-tutors", thuto ea thuto, tsebo ea litaba ea ts'ebetso ea moralo oa ho ruta ka har'a tsebo ea thuto ea Technology. Bakeng sa ho fihlela sepheo sena, ho ile ha qaptjoa likhopolo tse peli, e leng Transactional distance le Connectivism hammoho le sebopeho sa Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) ho tšehetsa thuto. Pono ea lefatše ea filosofi ke pragmatism e sebelisang mokhoa o tsoakaneng. Barupeluoa thutong ena e ne e le baithuti ba 145 ba ngolisitseng lenaneo la selemo bakeng sa li-module tse peli lenaneong la Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) setsing sa Thuto e Phahameng ba ile ba hlahlojoa ho bokella lintlha tse ngata. Lintlha tse tsoang lipuisanong tsa sebopeho sa sefahleho li ile tsa bokelloa le barupeli ba bahlano ba tsoang libakeng tsa lipatlisiso. Lintlha tsa tlhaiso-leseling ka inthanete li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa litsing tsa e-tutor tsa sistimi ea taolo ea ho ithuta ea setheo (LMS). Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore barupeli ba ntse ba haelloa ke tsebo ea mahlale a morao-rao molemong oa ho fana ka litaba tse reretsoeng ts'ebetso ea boqapi tikolohong ea ODeL. Hape, ho ile ha pakoa hore li-e-tutors ha li e-so fumane maano a thuto ea ho khanna lithuto tsa thuto bakeng sa moetso oa moralo ka mokhoa o loketseng oa ODeL. Hape ho lokela ho hopoloa hore liphuputso tsa tsebo ea litaba li bontšitse hore li-e-tutors li ntse li haelloa ke tsebo ea ho sebelisa tsebo ea litaba tsa moralo oa moralo ho latela tikoloho ea ODeL. Liphuputso tsena li totobatsa tlhoko ea mahlale a morao-rao ho ts'ehetsa maano a thuto a barupeli ho fihlela kutloisiso e hlakileng ea ts'ebetso ea moralo le litlamorao tsa ona maemong a ODeL. / Ukutholakala kwe-Open Distance ne-e-Learning kuguqula izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zabafundi ukuthi bathole imfundo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi noma kuphi. Abafundi bahlomule ngokufundiswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi noma kuphi kwesinye sezifundo zeTechnology Education ku-ODeL kubafundisi be-e. Njengomphumela wokwesekwa okwenziwa abafundisi be-e-tutors, ikharikhulamu yakhelwe ukugcizelela kakhulu inqubo yokwakhiwa njengongqikimba okumele kufundiswe ngayo ikharikhulamu. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi lusebenza kangakanani ulwazi lokuqukethwe oluphathelene nenqubo yokwakha evela kubafundisi be-e. Ngokwazisa ngaleligebe elinje, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezobuchwepheshe be-e-tutors, ubuchwepheshe bokufundisa, ulwazi lokuqukethwe lwenqubo yokwakhiwa kokufundisa ngaphakathi kobuchwepheshe be-Technology Education. Ukufeza le njongo, imibono emibili, okungukuthi iTransactional distance neConnectivism yahlanganiswa kanye nohlaka lweTechnological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) ukusekela ucwaningo. Umbono wezwe wefilosofi yi-pragmatism esebenzisa indlela exubile. Ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo bekungabafundi abayi-145 ababhalise uhlelo lonyaka lwamamojula amabili kuhlelo lweBachelor of Education (B.Ed.) esikhungweni seMfundo ePhakeme bahlolisiswa ukuqoqa imininingwane yobungako. Imininingwane evela ezingxoxweni ezihlelekile ezenziwe ubuso nobuso zaqoqwa nama-e-tutors amahlanu avela kumasayithi ocwaningo. Idatha yokubuka eku-inthanethi yaqoqwa kusuka kumasayithi e-e-tutor ohlelo lokuphatha lokufunda (LMS). Imiphumela iphakamisa ukuthi abafundisi be-e basenalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukuletha okuqukethwe okuhloselwe inqubo yokwakhiwa endaweni ye-ODeL. Futhi, kufakazelwe ukuthi abafundisi be-e abakawatholi amasu okufundisa okushayela inqubo yokuqamba ngendlela efanelekile ye-ODeL. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi okutholakele kolwazi lokuqukethwe kukhombisile ukuthi ama-e-tutors asenalo ulwazi lokusebenzisa ulwazi lokuqukethwe kwenqubo yokwakhiwa ukuze ivumelane nemvelo ye-ODeL. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa isidingo sobuchwepheshe ukuxhasa amasu e-tutors 'pedagogical maqondana nokuqonda okunenjongo kwenqubo yokwakhiwa nemithelela yayo kuzo zonke izingqikithi ze-ODeL. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / Ph. D. (Science and Technology Education)