Canola and juncea meals can be used in poultry diets instead of soybean meal. The meals were fed to broilers and turkeys in digestibility trials to measure the apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). Throughout growth trials, canola and juncea meals were fed at four levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 %) with and without a dietary enzyme cocktail (DEC). This study investigated higher inclusion levels than previously recommended for use in broilers diets. The carcass compositions, fatty acid analysis and liver parameters were measured to investigate the effects of diets on birds. The AMEn of the meals were used in formulating broiler and turkey diets. Growth trials found positive effects of DEC on performance, allowed higher inclusion levels of the meals. No negative effects of diets were observed for liver parameters and carcass compositions. The fatty acid profiles of carcass tissues were improved by increasing levels of canola oil in diets.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-98). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1941. / Thesis note on p. ix, also stamped on t.p. "This publication is a contribution of the Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries (Pittman-Robertson projects, Division of Game) and the Virginia Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, cooperating"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-260).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1941. / Thesis note on p. ix, also stamped on t.p. "This publication is a contribution of the Virginia Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries (Pittman-Robertson projects, Division of Game) and the Virginia Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, cooperating"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-260).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144). Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 milbradt_el_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 801758 bytes, checksum: 520417bef297ba62a8b9c93359de36a6 (MD5) / Com objetivo de avaliar o uso de ácidos orgânicos (AOs) e produto de exclusão competitiva (EC) como alternativa ao antimicrobiano como promotor de crescimento, foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro objetivou avaliar a influência dos produtos no desempenho zootécnico, pH do conteúdo do inglúvio e ceco, altura dos vilos intestinais e produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs) no ceco. Na primeira semana de vida, os AOs influenciaram negativamente os parâmetros de desempenho. Na fase de engorda, o consumo de ração e conversão alimentar do grupo que recebeu AO foi inferior ao dos demais grupos. As aves que receberam AOs e produto de EC apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas de ácido propiônico, aos 14 dias, e ácido butírico aos 28, 56 e 70 dias de vida. Os valores de pH e altura dos vilos intestinais não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O segundo experimento objetivou avaliar a influência dos AOs e produto de EC, administrados continuamente na ração e temporariamente na água, sobre a produção de AGVs no ceco, população de bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus e da família Enterobacteriaceae e desafio de Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). A administração contínua dos ácidos orgânicos e produto de EC influenciou positivamente a quantidade de Lactobacillus no inglúvio e ceco, elevou a concentração de ácido butírico e reduziu a quantidade de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae e a contaminação por SE no ceco. Não houve efeito da administração dos tratamentos via água de bebida sobre a concentração de AGVs, contaminação de SE no inglúvio e ceco. A suplementação contínua de AOs e produto de EC resultou em excelente desempenho zootécnico e reduziu a colonização SE no ceco, demonstrando serem alternativas viáveis ao uso dos antimicrobianos / To evaluate the use of organic acids (OAs) and product of competitive exclusion (CE) as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter, two experiments were conducted. The first aimed to evaluate the influence on the performance of the products, the pH content of the crop and cecum, intestinal villous height and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the cecum. In the first week of life, the OAs negatively influenced the performance parameters. In the fattening phase, feed intake and feed conversion in the group receiving OAs was lower than the other groups. Birds that received OAs and product EC showed higher concentrations of propionic acid, at 14 days, and butyric acid at 28, 56 and 70 days of life. The pH and intestinal villous height were not affected by treatments. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the OAs and CE product, administered continuously in the diet and temporarily in the water, on the production of VFAs in the cecum, the population of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and challenge of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). Continuous administration of OAs and CE product increased the concentration of butyric acid and reduced contamination by SE in the cecum. There was no effect of management treatments in drinking water on the concentration of VFAs, SE contamination in crop and cecum. The continuous supplementation of OAs and CE product resulted in excellent growth performance and reduced SE colonization in the cecum, showing that they are viable alternatives to the use of antimicrobials

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 milbradt_el_me_botfmvz.pdf: 618674 bytes, checksum: f9989c313b2f2cc46addf64bb9019c37 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos preventivos de coccidiose para perus de corte, foram utilizados 420 perus de corte, fêmeas da linhagem BUT 9 distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado dividido em quatro tratamentos: T1- dieta controle sem vacinação contra coccidiose e droga anticoccidiana, T2- dieta acrescida de droga anticoccidiana do 1º até os 60 dias de vida das aves (maduramicina 1%, 5ppm), T3- vacinação contra coccidiose (vacina comercial), T4- imunização pela exposição à cepas de campo (pool de oocistos). A administração da vacina e do pool de oocistos foi realizada via ração, no sétimo dia de vida das aves. As aves foram alojadas com densidade de 21 aves/m² até o sétimo dia, 9,8 aves/m² entre o oitavo dia e a sexta semana e, 4,2 aves/m² até a idade do abate, 70 dias. Aos 21 dias de idade, as aves foram submetidas ao desafio de coccidiose, representado por um pool de oocistos, sem a identificação das espécies, na dosagem de 20.000 oocistos por ave, a qual foi aplicada diretamente no esôfago. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) com auxílio do programa estatístico SAS, as médias comparadas pelo teste “t” a 5% de significância. A análise do experimento foi dividida em duas partes, sendo, fase inicial compreendida entre o dia do alojamento e o 28º dia de vida e fase final, compreendida entre o 29º dia até o abate. Na fase inicial, os tratamentos influenciaram (P≤0,05) o peso médio semanal, o ganho de peso médio, a conversão alimentar e o consumo médio de ração semanal, sendo que as aves do tratamento controle apresentaram desempenho inferior quando comparado aos demais. Na fase final, as aves apresentaram excelente recuperação do desempenho, sendo que somente o peso médio, aos 70 dias, foi afetado pelos tratamentos (P≤0,05)... / In order to evaluate the effectiveness of various preventive methods of coccidiosis control for turkeys, four hundred and twenty females BUT 9 strain were used distributed in a completely randomized design divided into four treatments: T1- control diet without coccidiosis vaccination and anticoccidial drug, T2- control diet increased by anticoccidial drug at the 1st until 60 days of age (maduramicin 1%, 5ppm), T3- control diet and vaccination (commercial vaccine), T4- control diet and oocysts mixed pool administration. The vaccine and pool administration was done into diet, on the seventh day of age. The birds were housed with a 21 birds / m² density by seventh day, 9.8 birds / m² of at the eighth day until sixth week, and 4.2 birds / m² up to the age of slaughter, 70 days. At 21 days of age, birds were submitted to the challenge of coccidiosis, represented by an oocysts pool without identifying the species, the dose of 20,000 oocysts/bird, which was applied directly in the birds’ esophagus. The results were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) using the SAS statistical program and compared by means of Test “t” to 5%. The trial analysis was divided into two parts, the initial stage understood at housing day until 28th day of age, and the final stage, at 29th day until killing. In the initial stage, the treatments affected (P ≤ 0.05) the weekly weight average, weight gain average, feed conversion, weekly consumption average and total feed intake, and the birds in the control treatment showed worse performance compared with others. In the final stage, the birds showed excellent performance recovery, with only the weight average, at 70 days, was affected by treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, all prevention and control methods of coccidiosis applied were efficient, as well as no adverse effect on the parameters evaluated, were still able to protect the birds... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho / Banca: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Banca: João Pessoa Araújo Junior / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Banca: Marcelo Meirelles / Resumo: Com objetivo de avaliar o uso de ácidos orgânicos (AOs) e produto de exclusão competitiva (EC) como alternativa ao antimicrobiano como promotor de crescimento, foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro objetivou avaliar a influência dos produtos no desempenho zootécnico, pH do conteúdo do inglúvio e ceco, altura dos vilos intestinais e produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGVs) no ceco. Na primeira semana de vida, os AOs influenciaram negativamente os parâmetros de desempenho. Na fase de engorda, o consumo de ração e conversão alimentar do grupo que recebeu AO foi inferior ao dos demais grupos. As aves que receberam AOs e produto de EC apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas de ácido propiônico, aos 14 dias, e ácido butírico aos 28, 56 e 70 dias de vida. Os valores de pH e altura dos vilos intestinais não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. O segundo experimento objetivou avaliar a influência dos AOs e produto de EC, administrados continuamente na ração e temporariamente na água, sobre a produção de AGVs no ceco, população de bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus e da família Enterobacteriaceae e desafio de Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). A administração contínua dos ácidos orgânicos e produto de EC influenciou positivamente a quantidade de Lactobacillus no inglúvio e ceco, elevou a concentração de ácido butírico e reduziu a quantidade de bactérias da família Enterobacteriaceae e a contaminação por SE no ceco. Não houve efeito da administração dos tratamentos via água de bebida sobre a concentração de AGVs, contaminação de SE no inglúvio e ceco. A suplementação contínua de AOs e produto de EC resultou em excelente desempenho zootécnico e reduziu a colonização SE no ceco, demonstrando serem alternativas viáveis ao uso dos antimicrobianos / Abstract: To evaluate the use of organic acids (OAs) and product of competitive exclusion (CE) as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter, two experiments were conducted. The first aimed to evaluate the influence on the performance of the products, the pH content of the crop and cecum, intestinal villous height and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the cecum. In the first week of life, the OAs negatively influenced the performance parameters. In the fattening phase, feed intake and feed conversion in the group receiving OAs was lower than the other groups. Birds that received OAs and product EC showed higher concentrations of propionic acid, at 14 days, and butyric acid at 28, 56 and 70 days of life. The pH and intestinal villous height were not affected by treatments. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the OAs and CE product, administered continuously in the diet and temporarily in the water, on the production of VFAs in the cecum, the population of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and challenge of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). Continuous administration of OAs and CE product increased the concentration of butyric acid and reduced contamination by SE in the cecum. There was no effect of management treatments in drinking water on the concentration of VFAs, SE contamination in crop and cecum. The continuous supplementation of OAs and CE product resulted in excellent growth performance and reduced SE colonization in the cecum, showing that they are viable alternatives to the use of antimicrobials / Doutor

The pathogenesis of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) involves initial bioactivation by microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450) to a reactive and electrophilic intermediate, exo-aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (exo-AFBO). Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to AFB1, a condition associated with efficient epoxidation by P450s. The purpose of this research was to 1) discover and characterize the P450s in turkey liver responsible for AFB1 bioactivation, and 2) determine the relative importance of these P450s in turkey liver. Initial investigations led to the discovery of CYP1A5. We then identified CYP3A37, a human CYP3A4 homologue from turkey liver, which along with CYP1A5 plays an important role in the bioactivation of AFB1 to exo-AFBO. The E. coli-expressed CYP3A37 possessed striking similarities to human CYP3A4, in terms of its catalytic activities and the kinetics of AFB1 oxidation. After the discovery of CYP3A37, further research evaluated its relative importance to CYP1A5, with respect to the epoxidation of AFB1, to determine which of the homologues bioactivated relatively low "real world" AFB1 concentrations, reflective of the potential dietary exposure. Using antibodies directed to both the enzymes as tools in immuno-inhibition experiments, we determined that CYP1A5 contributes to about 98% of the exo-AFBO formation at the low AFB1 concentrations (0.1 µM), which led us to conclude that CYP1A5 is likely the dominant homologue involved in the extreme sensitivity of the turkeys to AFB1. CYP3A37 also efficiently epoxidated AFB1, but only at high concentrations of this mycotoxin, not likely to be achievable in turkey liver in vivo. Our research has helped shed light on the relative importance of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioactivation of AFB1 to the toxic exo-AFBO, and thus on the mechanisms of the extreme sensitivity of turkeys to AFB1. Given that AFB1 is a ubiquitous component of corn-based poultry feed and contamination is practically unavoidable, we conducted further studies evaluating the chemopreventive action of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus, on AFB1 toxicity in turkeys. Probiotic bacteria are known to bind AFB1, thus reducing its bioavailability. A mix of probiotic bacteria provided protection against key endpoints of aflatoxicosis, like AFB1-induced reduction in body and liver weights. Our data demonstrate that Lactobacillus was protective against aflatoxicosis in turkeys, thus validating its use as a possible chemopreventive, thereby helping alleviate the significant annual losses to the poultry industry due to feed contamination by AFB1.