This thesis reports the use of Paramics microscopic simulation software to model the differences between the performance of ten Christchurch intersections under the existing New Zealand road rule which requires left turning vehicles to give way to vehicles turning right into the same road, and a changed rule that would see the right turning vehicle have priority. Previous research concerning this issue is reviewed and the history of the existing road rule and recent moves to change it are discussed. At each of the ten intersections a range of traffic volume combinations was assessed and the journey times and queue lengths were compared. The ten intersections represent a range of different layouts and forms of control including give way signs, stop signs and traffic signals. The impact of a rule change on the use of shared lanes at intersections using a Paramics model of the Christchurch Central Business District, as developed for the Christchurch City Council, is also reported. Conclusions are drawn about which types of intersections and traffic volume combinations are likely to be affected by a rule change. The features of intersections that contribute to this susceptibility are identified and conclusions drawn about whether positive or negative effects are likely. It is concluded that there is no compelling intersection performance reason why the rule could not be changed. The successful implication of such change would require a review of the road network to identify critical intersections. Some monitoring and mitigation measures may also be required.

Linearity and efficiency are both critical parameters for radio frequency transmitter applications. In theory, a Doherty amplifier is a linear amplifier that is significantly more efficient than comparable conventional linear amplifiers. It comprises two amplifiers, connected at their outputs by a quarter-wave transformer. The main amplifier is always on, while the peaking amplifier is off during low power levels. Load modulation of the main amplifier occurs when the peaking amplifier is on due to the quarter-wave transformer, ensuring the main amplifier never enters saturation. This results in an efficiency characteristic that increases with respect to input power at twice the normal rate at low power levels, and plateaus to a high value at high power levels. However, in much of the research that has been done to-date, less-than-ideal results have been achieved (although efficiency was better than a conventional amplifier). It was decided to investigate the cause of the discrepancy between theoretical and practical results, and devise a method to counteract the problem. It was discovered that the main cause of the discrepancy was non-ideal transistor gate-voltage to drain-current characteristics. The implementation of a gate bias control scheme based upon measured transistor transfer characteristics, and the desired main and peaking amplifier output currents, resulted in a robust method to ensure near-ideal results. A prototype amplifier was constructed to test the control scheme, and theoretical, simulated and measured results were well matched. The amplifier had a region of high efficiency in the high power levels (over 34% for the last 6 dB of input power), and the gain was nearly constant with respect to input power (between 4 and 5 dB over the dynamic range). Furthermore, it was decided to investigate the role harmonics play within the Doherty amplifier. A classical implementation shunts unwanted harmonics to ground within the main and peaking amplifiers. However, odd harmonics generated by the peaking amplifier can be used to operate the main amplifier like a class F amplifier. This means its supply voltage can be lowered, without the amplifier entering saturation, and the efficiency of the Doherty amplifier can be increased without a detrimental effect on the its linearity. A prototype amplifier was constructed to test this theory, and gave good results, with better efficiency than that of a conventional amplifier, and a constant gain with respect to input power (between 6.4 dB and 6.5 dB over the dynamic range).

This thesis draws onthree sets of recordings of Swedish-Russian interpreter-mediated conversations,carried out as role plays. First,scripted role plays, performed as part of the Swedish state interpretercertification test, involving candidate interpreters and officials from thegovernmental body providing these tests. Secondly, both scripted andnon-scripted role plays, performed during interpreter training courses at theSwedish Armed Forces’ Language School. And thirdly, non-scripted role playsorganised in order to explore differences in style between more and lessexperienced official negotiators, working at a high international diplomaticlevel, for Sweden and Russia respectively, assisted by interpreters. The thesisadopts a text-oriented as well as an interactionist approach oninterpreter-mediated interaction and compares the management of turn-taking andrepair sequences in the three types of setting, focusing particularly on howthe presence or absence of a script affects turn-taking and the unfolding ofrepair sequences.

The present study focuses on turn-taking and questions in conversations between deaf-blind persons using tactile sign language, i.e. communicating by holding each others hands, and how sign language utterances change in the tactile mode when the nonmanual signals characteristic of turntaking and interrogative sentences in (visual) sign language are not used. The material consists of six video-recorded conversations (four with deaf-blind pairs and two where one person is deaf and one is deaf-blind). Parts of the material, viz. 168 sequences with questions and answers, has been transcribed and analyzed. The analysis shows that deaf-blind signers use their hands in two different conversation positions. In the monologue position both the signer's hands are held under the hands of the listener, whereas in the dialogue position both participants hold their hands in identical ways: the right hand under the other person's left hand and the left hand on top of the other person's right hand. It is described how the two positions affect the structure of one- and twohanded signs and how back channeling, linguistic as well as non-linguistic (with different kinds of tapping), is used in the two positions. The analysis shows that differences in the vertical and the horizontal planes are used in turn-taking regulation. Using four different conversational levels the signer can signal e.g. turn change by lowering his/her hands from the turn level to the turn change level at the end of his/her turn. The horizontal plane is devided into three different turn zones. The turn holder uses his/her own turn zone close to the body and finishes the turn by moving the hands to the joint zone midway between the interlocutors or into the listener's zone. The analyzed utterances function as questions, yes/no-questions (82) as well as wh-questions (55). It is hypothesized that yes/no-questions are marked with the manual signal extended duration of the last sign of the utterance, one of the interrogative signals of visual signing, but this was only true for 46 % of the yes/no-questions in the material. Since extended duration of the last sign also signals turn change in e.g. statements it is not regarded as an interrogative signal. Additional markers of yes/no-questions are among others the sign INDEX-adr ('you') with its variant INDEX-adr-long, used as a summons signal, and repetitions of signs or sentences. As for the wh-questions a majority are made with a manual wh-sign. Generally, if there are no interrogative signals the context and the content of the utterance will account for its interpretation as a question. To avoid misunderstandings, questions and non-linguistic signals are used in checking turns, where the signer requests back channeling or the listener requests repetition or clarification. / <p>För att köpa boken skicka en beställning till exp@ling.su.se/ To order the book send an e-mail to exp@ling.su.se</p>

Placed within the field of recent research concerning religion and contemporary religious landscapes, this thesis aims to show conceptions of human life and body displayed in ten Swedish health magazines. The analysis aims to demonstrate the appearance of body and bodily experience and in addition see in what way ”westernized” religious traditions and methods from east Asia may contribute to perspectives of health. The main theories for the study are objectified versus phenomenological understanding of the human body by Drew Leder (1992; 1990) and Kristen Zeiler (2010). The quote in the main title is from the empirical material (Hälsa &amp; Fitness, 2014 (11), cover). ”Strong from inside and out” depicts the core of the outcome, indicating both biomedical and holistic perspectives. With science as a provable reference, the individual’s body seems to be an object to control and shape to optimize goals of esthetic or physical benefits. Here are many mental aspects involved as well as social factors, which shows that the human is a phenomenological creature. The thesis suggests that in order to accomplish health and a healthy relationship – not only towards the body but living through it – the human need to cultivate the sensation of wholeness. Having no clear counterpart, this aspect seems to be easily provided through eastern traditions and methods, treating the human as “one”.

Participants in an intercultural situation of communication, trying to understand the intentions of their co-Iocutors from their own cultural perspective, can frequently commit misinterpretations that lead to misunderstandings of intention and meaning. Intercultural communication studies, for the majority, focus on unveiling and discovering differences that they believe to be at the core of such misunderstandings. Such studies have probed the varying cultural values, to mention a few, on the levels of individualism versus collectivism, of low-context versus high-context, of varying concepts of time or of silence (e.g. Hofstede 1980, Hofstede 1991, Hall 1959, Hall & HaU1990). The present study suggests that the perspective of one's primary socialisation culture should be studied on a more specific level if one is aiming to discover possible cultural differences. The level that is proposed to be studied is the production and interpretations of patterns of talk-in-interaction such as pauses, overlaps, speaker changes, simultaneous talk, prosody and intonation patterns, and so on. It is the stance of the present inquiry that these above-mentioned turntaking patterns play a key role in the processes through which the participants interpret each other's meanings and intentions, although the processes themselves remain mostly entirely subconscious. The present study was inspired by a case study that was conducted comparing the turn-taking behaviour between Americans and French conversing in French (Wieland 1991). Wieland conducted recordings of ordinary dinner table conversations, and later interviewed the participants in order to elicit insights into their interpretations of the interaction. However, little work has been done to further compare the culturally varying interaction patterns and the participants' reactions to them. The majority ofstudies into intercultural communication remain on more abstract levels of cultural values rather than addressing the actual arena of talk-in-interaction, although some have broken this unploughed ground, e.g. Moerman (1988) in his combination of conversation analysis and ethnography. The stance of the present study is that it is this very level of talk-in-interaction that holds the key to understanding what exactly happens in possible misunderstandings in situations of intercultural communication. Studies on talk-in-interaction focus on conversational turn-taking (Psathas 1995, Ten Have & Psathas 1995, Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974, Schegloff 2000). They therefore bring to light behavioural patterns - and their respective interpretations - that most of the time remain subconscious in the minds of the interactants, as those patterns are learned and internalised early on in the primary socialisation process (Berger & Luckmann 1966). Sample analyses on the conversational overlaps of French speakers carried out previously by the researcher (Kohonen 2000) served as a basis for the hypothesis development. These earlier analyses made evident the importance of gaining access to participants' perceptions on the interaction, as well as the access into parameters that allow a comparative approach. The present research is an exploratory, qualitative case study that allowed comparisons to be made between the overlap patterns of the native French and the native British English participants conversing in native and mixed groups, furthermore gaining access to participants' perceptions of the interaction. The present study is not intended to be taken as a strictly conversation analytical research, as the Literature Review will show. The aim of the present study is on the contrary to explore the possible theoretical and methodological triangulations available in the field of social sciences, and to discover how the triangulation of theories and methods could enhance the study of talk-in-interaction, in both native and intercultural settings.

The recently developed gate turn-off thyristor is now becoming well established as the first choice switching device in high power converters for applications such as uninterruptible power supplies, frequency changers, and AC and some DC variable speed motor drives. The special operating features of these devices in conventional circuit configurations are investigated. The GTO thyristor physical behaviour and operating characteristics are first described and supported by measurements made at turn-off currents of up to 600A on a specially constructed test circuit. From this, it is shown that, owing to the extremely fast rates of fall of anode current at turn-off, voltage overshoot effects caused by the stray circuit inductances are highly dangerous to the device, and effective snubbing is essential. A detailed study of these stray inductance effects in constructed DC chopper and H-bridge inverter circuits follows. The circuits are modelled to include these strays, with appropriate mathematical analysis and computer simulation, to determine which stray inductances are the most influential in causing GTO thyristor voltage stress. The different switching patterns are considered for the H-bridge to provide quasi-square and various pulse width modulated (PWM) output voltage waveforms, and the detailed current transfer paths in the various circuit devices and snubber components defined and mathematically analysed in each case. Practical switching effects of diode reverse recovery and GTO mismatched switching times are demonstrated and possible damaging conditions revealed. All analytical and computed results are supported by experimental measurements. A GTO thyristor will be damaged by attempting to turn-off an over-current, and satisfactory protection against this is essential. Conventional fusing is usually inadequate, and a better method is to use a fast active system utilising either a crowbar and fuse, or rapid direct gate turn-off. Both methods are investigated and experimental results provided. It is concluded that, with appropriate circuit layout and component choice, the unavoidable stray inductance effects can be limited to manageable levels. The most severe effects are caused by the DC source inductance which is the most difficult to minimise. Others within the power circuit, if kept small, will have a marginal effect. Fast over-current protection is achievable

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Göteborg, 1994. / Published dissertation.

Dogs are well adapted to a life close to humans and are capable of understanding several human social cues. Turn-taking is a fundamental phenomenon in human conversations, yet no research of turn-taking in interspecies vocal communication has been done. This pilot study therefore aimed to develop a test method in order to analyze if turn-taking occurs in interspecies vocal communication between dogs and humans and if turn-taking can be correlated with specific behaviors in dogs. By analyzing a vocal conversation between seven dogs and their owners during a request situation in their home environment, this study found support for turn-taking existence in dog-human vocal communications. In general, owner-dog vocal communication could be linked to positive events, such as tail wagging and eye contact. Meanwhile, a lower frequency of vocal turn- taking could be linked to stress related behaviors, such as lip licking. Owner in dyads where more vocal overlap occurred tended to score the owner-dog relationship and communication abilities with lower grades, suggesting the absence of turn-taking was experienced as unpleasant for the owner as well. In conclusion, findings from current study highlight the unique coevolution of dogs and humans and opens up for future research of turn-taking in interspecies vocal communication.

This doctoral project examines the knowledge economy as understood under the hypothesis of cognitive capitalism and its impact on contemporary social art practice, in particular the educational turn in art, taking account of its conditions of production within the local site of official art education at an elite university. In a counter movement, this research searches for the 'becoming cognitive of labour', a peculiar quality of the present transition, where knowledge production and the reconfiguration of labour intersect within the overshadowing hypothesis of cognitive capitalism. In response to contemporary approaches assigned to knowledge production, appropriation of the general intellect and the educational paradigm, as a practice-led research project, I devised three performative interventions premised on aestheticised withdrawal (taking account of exodus theorists) and agonistic tendency (radical negativity) to take risks and to 'struggle within and strategically against' the institution, drawing on the radical pedagogy of Paolo Freire who created an approach to emancipatory education through which to transform systems of oppression and inequality, the self-governing frameworks of the educator Ivan Illich, and Jacques Ranci&egrave;re who locates oppression and subjection in the noble act of 'explication'. Drawing on this, I've pursued a novel form of 'writing as activism' that allowed me to unravel dividing points between the practice of art and its theory, critically engaging with and dismantling the academic form of essay through a process of streaking, rupture and montage. As a 'work of words', this allowed me to integrate the practice and theory in one, where the thesis is withdrawn and does not make an appearance. The practice of art determines the theoretical conditions and critical context, but is not subordinate to these conditions. In this way I could construct something meaningful and complex in an unconventional way that requires other ways of reading and interpretation. I disembark from the recent field of expanded academia and the 'educational turn' in art and curating, approbated by cultural theorists and artists since the mid 1990's. While addressing the current crisis in neoliberal education and its direct link to cognitive capitalism's knowledge enclosures, in which the doctorate in art was fiercely debated, these modes of emancipatory educational 'turning' seldom found traction inside the official educational art institution itself. Rather, as an expanded idea of the academy, these critical strategies were articulated through the global museum and biennale. However, if we are to maintain that the university is the critical core of the public realm, rather than escaping it or allowing ideological contention and dissensus to be smoothed over and disciplined, this research - in and through art as 'struggle' and as 'a process of intelligibility' - re-thinks the educational turn in art by opening up and maintaining a space of crisis and critical relationship with its institutional conditions of production and the forms of labour sustaining it as it emerges from academia itself. Using a gendered agonistic research method with its attendant discourse of resistance, I expose how gender is made invisibile within the flattening paradigm of immaterial labour and its overarching frame of cognitive capitalism. I explore how the production and reproduction of knowledge can be organised and made common and how it might break with capitalist capture, how a resistant form of knowledge production might be found on the frontier of the university. Through a dramatisation of practice that is a compelling instance of the theory, I explore an alternative production of knowledge - a (becoming) learning process where the subject 'I', who is constituted in language, talks back, a mode of counter speech as a condition of my agency and potentiality. It is in, at, and around the official educational site of the university that I make an inquiry into the economic and political tendencies at work, and locate non-compliant labour as a way to open up an educational 'turn' towards regimes of discipline, authority and control. By conclusion, if the educational 'turn' in art is to fully realise its emancipatory dimension it must not only align itself to the extra-institutional realm of the artworld, but must forge a counter turn inside the official educational art institution, the primary site of education's struggle and agency. Art production inside the educational institution is profoundly fundamental to a political and philosophical 'turning' towards a critique of contemporary arts new relations of production and reception under capital, to renew once more arts political and transformative potential. This research is an emphatic refusal of fatalism about the status of the official educational institution whose ailments I diagnose throughout. It is an original contribution to the debate on the educational turn and demonstrates when educators and students together, and in common, 'turn' in struggle within and against the institution, they can create transformative strategies of engagement with the institution of knowledge. It is not yet the time to abandon the official education institution entirely.