Living in tune with nature means respecting the natural environment and realizing its power and the ways it manifests in daily life. This essay focuses on the ways in which respect for nature is expressed through animal imagery in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Mark Twain's "The Stolen White Elephant," Roughing It, and Pudd'nhead Wilson, and Jack London's The Call of the Wild. Each author encouraged readers to seek the benefits of nature in order to become better human beings, forge stronger communities, and develop a more unified nation and world. By learning from the positive example of the animals, we learn how to share our world with them and with each other.

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This work re-assesses the heroic character of Huckleberry Finn in light of the inherent problems of discourse. Walter Ong's insights into the differences between oral and literate consciousnesses, and Stanley Fish's concept of "interpretive communities" are applied to Huck's interactions with the other characters, revealing the underlying dynamic of his character, the need for a viable discourse community. Further established, by enlisting the ideas of Ernest Becker, is that this need for community finds its source in the most fundamental human problem, the consciousness of death. The study concludes that the problematic ending of Twain's novel is consistent with the theme of community and is neither the artistic failure, nor the cynical pronouncement on the human race that so many critics have seen it to be.

This thesis discusses Mark Twain as a political satirist in Nevada and during the Gilded Age. There are also chapters covering Politics and Slavery, Democracy and Monarchy, as well as Imperialism and War.

The purpose of this paper is to picture the West as Mark Twain saw it. Many books have been written which describe Twain's Western years, but few have given much consideration to the accuracy of his account of the West in the 1860's. This paper attempts to portray Twain not only as a social and political satirist, but also as a possible historical satirist.

An examination of the persistent death motif in Twain's literature reveals a strong fusion of his art, personal experience and philosophical conclusions. Death imagery dramatizes Twain's pessimistic view of an estranged humanity existing without purpose or direction in an incomprehensible universe. Twain shows in his works that religious and social beliefs only obscure the fact that the meaning of death is beyond man's intellectual and perceptual powers. In Twain's view the only certainty about death is that it is a release from the preordained tragedies of existence. Illusions, primordial terrors, and mystifying dreams shape man's disordered reality, Twain concludes, and therefore death is as meaningless as life.

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Divided into five chapters, the thesis analyzes the translation into French of Black English as represented in Mark Twain's novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The method, mainly text-oriented, that is to say turning away from the sociological approach, offers a semiotic reading of the text, both original and translated (Chapter 1). This semiotic approach considers the text as a significant mosaic. Thus, it brings out not only the motivation of the different textual elements, but also the coherence cementing them. The analysis of the original text (Chapter 2) shows that the subversive aesthetic and ideological function of Black English is provided by Jim's characterization and his discursive and narrative programs. William-Little Hughes's translation (1886), as well a Claire Laury's (1979) and Rene and Yolande Surleau's (1950), reverse the subversive project of the source-text through an organized system of textual transformations (additions, omissions, shifts) and produce a stereotyped version of Jim's character, his speech, also simplified and reduced, becoming the expression of this characterization (Chapter 3). Poles apart from these three texts, the French versions written by Suzanne Netillard (1948), Andre Bay (1961), Lucienne Molitor (1963), Jean La Graviere (1979) and Helene Costes (1980) display translation projects which reactivate the original system in which Jim had a multidimensional characterization (Chapter 4). Yet, despite the efficient options chosen by certain translators on the material level, Jim's speech in French does not convey a Black identity in the way Black English does in the original text. A modified and literary version of creolized French is suggested as a possible option for translating this sociolect (Chapter 5).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barreiro_ia_me_assis.pdf: 2278877 bytes, checksum: 4c4bea83dd40428a92a61112081fe584 (MD5) / Secretaria da Educação / Nossa pesquisa busca verificar a presença da sátira menipéia na obra The Adventures of Tom Sawyer de Mark Twain e discutir a atuação do narrador na mesma. É uma obra aparentemente elaborada para jovens, mas também tece críticas às normas pré-estabelecidas e abarca fantasia e humor inserindo-se nas características abordadas por Bakhtin. As raízes da sátira menipéia estão embasadas na carnavalização, a qual abriga um sentido ambivalente e se traduz em ritos cômicos e festejos populares de caráter não oficial. Com o filósofo Menipo de Gadara, século III a.C., a sátira menipéia adquire a forma clássica, mas foi com Marcus Terentius Varro ou Varrão (116-27 a.C.), filósofo romano, autor de Saturae Menipeae que utilizou o termo pela primeira vez. Fundamentamos nossa pesquisa em Bakhtin, o qual discorre sobre a carnavalização e aponta as características da menipéia. O humor e a sátira de Mark Twain resultam de seu intimo modo de pensar, imaginação e senso crítico os quais remetem à sua vivência e à cor local contabilizando um estilo claro, mas, profundo. O pensamento crítico do escritor pode ser notado desde as primeiras obras, exteriorizando-o no seu momento antiimperialista. Enfocamos alguns aspectos da sátira, da carnavalização literária e nos dedicamos ao estudo de As Aventuras de Tom Sawyer sob o viés da sátira menipéia. / Our research deals with the menipeaen satire in the work The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain and discusses the narrator's performance in it. It is a work apparently elaborated for young readers, but it also criticizes the pre-established norms, and it embraces fantasy and humor with bases on the characteristics pointed out by Bakhtin. The roots of the menipeaen satire are based on the carnival, which shelters an ambivalent sense and it turns out to be comic rites and popular feasts of unofficial character. With the philosopher Menipo of Gadara, century III B.C., the menipeaen satire acquires the classic form, but it was with Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.), roman philosopher, author of Saturae Menipeae that the term was used for the first time. We have based our research on Bakhtin , who talks about the carnival process and points out the characteristics of the menipeaen satire. Twain's humor and satire come from his deep way of thinking, imagination and critical sense; which convey to his experience and to local color computing a clear but deep style. The writer's critical thinking can be noticed from his first works, and it can be evidenced in his anti-imperialist moment. We have focused some aspects of the satire, of the literary carnival, and we have developed a study of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer under the point of view of menipeaen satire.

There are critics who believe that the real Mark Twain was born in the East, while others say that the frontier made him. I have considered evidence on both sides and have definitely concluded that Mark Twain was and is a product of the frontier.