nÃo hà / Devido ao crescente uso de computadores e a forte dependÃncia dos mesmos em vÃrias aplicaÃÃes, as UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies) vÃm adquirindo cada vez mais importÃncia. Estes dispositivos encontram-se muitas vezes dentro de um contexto de um sistema distribuÃdo, o que fortalece a necessidade de gerenciamento dos mesmos. Devido à grande utilizaÃÃo das UPS em computadores, e devido ao fato destes, por sua vez, estarem inseridos em um ambiente de redes TCP/IP, torna-se bastante viÃvel a idÃia de se usar um sistema de gerenciamento que seja compatÃvel com esse ambiente, e que faÃa uso de suas potencialidades. No presente trabalho à apresentado a implementaÃÃo de um sistema de gerenciamento SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) para UPS que possibilita o gerenciamento de um nÃmero arbitrÃrio de UPS, e que permite a autenticaÃÃo remota para gerentes, facilitando o uso para um maior nÃmero de dispositivos. Detalha-se a implementaÃÃo do sistema bem como os testes realizados. No final do trabalho à apresentada uma proposta para trabalhos futuros na Ãrea. / The reliability of a computer system is based not only on the computer itself, but also on its related power system. For that reason, more and more critical systems are counting on UPSs (Uninterruptible Power Supplies) to account for a continuous supply of power. Although the task of managing an UPS for a standalone system be quite straightforward, when it comes to computer distributed systems that task has to follow an equally distributed approach. Depending on the strategy used to manage that distributed UPS network, this task may be very complex. However, keeping in mind that most computer systems in a distributed architecture make use of TCP/IP to be logically connected, one could profit from the facilities provided by this protocol and design a management strategy that makes use of it. In fact, TCP/IP is not the only suite of protocols used to interconnect computer systems. SNMP (Single Network Management Protocol) is also frequently used as a way of managing (hardware and/or software) devices associated with computers. This dissertation proposes and implements a way of managing distributed UPSs by using SNMP, taking advantage of all the facilities furnished by the protocol. This works describes how the use of SNMP makes it possible to manage an arbitrarily number of UPSs remotely. This makes the design of UPS management systems a relatively easy task, and contributes to introduce a high degree of flexibility on the task of managing distributed UPSs. Finally, it is described how the system and tests were implemented as well as proposals for future work is presented.

This master thesis describes the development of an UPS module. UPS is an acronym for Uninterruptable Power Supply. The UPS module has been developed at the company AerotechTelub AB. The UPS module delivers the necessary voltage and current in case of a power interrupt. If a power interrupt occur, the computer system has one to three minutes available to store data and shut down correctly. The UPS module consists of two parallel systems. Every system is built out of four parts. Part one consists of batteries and safety circuits, part two charges the batteries, partthree is a control unit, and part four delivers the voltage and current. The delivered voltage is 5 V and the current is 4 A. Tests and verifications showed that the UPS module could supply a computer system with power for about one minute. The tests have been performed in a lab at AerotechTelub AB. The UPS module is supposed to be mounted in a cassette. The cassette is then inserted in the computer system through a hole in the chassis. Thereby an opening of the computer system is avoided when the module is connected.

<p>This master thesis describes the development of an UPS module. UPS is an acronym for Uninterruptable Power Supply. The UPS module has been developed at the company AerotechTelub AB. The UPS module delivers the necessary voltage and current in case of a power interrupt. If a power interrupt occur, the computer system has one to three minutes available to store data and shut down correctly. </p><p>The UPS module consists of two parallel systems. Every system is built out of four parts. Part one consists of batteries and safety circuits, part two charges the batteries, partthree is a control unit, and part four delivers the voltage and current. The delivered voltage is 5 V and the current is 4 A. </p><p>Tests and verifications showed that the UPS module could supply a computer system with power for about one minute. The tests have been performed in a lab at AerotechTelub AB. </p><p>The UPS module is supposed to be mounted in a cassette. The cassette is then inserted in the computer system through a hole in the chassis. Thereby an opening of the computer system is avoided when the module is connected.</p>

Problem: The increasing interest in academic, and general, entrepreneurship increases the need for venture capital. The venture capital is provided to the inventor by an external investor who gains financial or societal benefits from his investment. The increasing interest in entrepreneurship makes is interesting to understand the sources of power that influence the relationship between the investor and the inventor. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to indicate how different sources of power influence the relationship between inventors and investors in academic start-ups. Methodology: This study has been carried out with a qualitative approach. Data has mainly been collected from four interviews at three different companies. The interviews were complemented with previous research findings and laws from the book of laws. Findings: The empirical findings indicate that the investigated relation mainly is influenced by the expertise from the inventor during the early stages of the start-­up. This indicates that the expert power is the most significant source of power. KeyWords: Entrepreneurship, Academic Entrepreneurship, Start-­ups, Academic Start-ups, Investor relationship, Venture Capital, New Ventures, Spin-­off

Abstract This research examines the relationship between the product and labor market in a situation when there is imperfect competition in the product market. The subjects studied are the existence of the mark-up factors implied by imperfect competition and their impacts on labor demand. The dependency of labor demand on the product demand is also examined. In the research the existence of the mark-up factors in Finnish companies can be verified. In addition, according to results, the mark-up factors have negative impact on labor demand. Product demand has a significant positive effect on labor demand. However, the transmission mechanism from the product demand changes to labor demand remains to some extent unsolved.

Subject of this master’s thesis is ideological proposal of the UPS able to protect electronic equipment against short-term disruptions of network supply voltage. The entire facility is proposed on the basis of modern switching technologies . Properties of critical parts of the proposal are simulated and debugged with help of PSpice circuit simulator software. In project is also included the necessary design documents. The project is completed by realization of functional facility, measurement of it’s basic properties and comparison with assumption results.

Jag har i denna uppsats studerat makroekonomiska faktorers påverkan på antal registrerade aktiebolag och enskilda näringsidkare i Sverige. Syftet har varit att bidra med variabler som ska kunna användas vid prognostisering av antal nyregistreringar av företag. Jag har valt ut de makroekonomiska faktorer som enligt tidigare forskning inom området, visat sig vara de vanligast förekommande. Studien har gjorts med multipel regressionsanalys med kontroll för multikollinearitet, autokorrelation och heteroskedasticitet. Resultatet tyder på att makroekonomiska faktorer som BNP, arbetslöshet och arbetslöshet inklusive fördröjd effekt samt inflation kan ha ett signifikant samband med antal registrerade aktiebolag. Analysen tyder även på att BNP har ett negativt samband med antal registrerade enskilda näringsidkare. Slutsatsen från detta är att det finns en skillnad mellan vad som påverkar antal registrerade aktiebolag och antal registrerade enskilda näringsidkare. Vidare studier behöver göras för att identifiera fler variabler som kan ha ett samband med antal nyregistreringar och då främst registreringar av enskilda näringsidkare. / This study investigates the influence of macroeconomic factors on the number of newly registered limited companies and sole traders in Sweden. The aim has been to contribute with variables that can be used in forecasting the number of new company registrations. I have chosen the macroeconomic factors which, according to previous research in this area, have proved to be the most common. The study has been done with multiple regression analysis and checked for multicollinearity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The result suggests that macroeconomic factors such as GDP, unemployment, unemployment including delayed effects and inflation can have a significant effect on the number of new registrations for limited companies. The analysis also suggests that GDP has a negative effect on the number of new sole traders. The conclusion of the study is that the factors affecting the number of new limited companies differ from those affecting the number of new sole traders. Further studies are needed in order to establish other variables that can influence the number of new registrations and in particular new registrations for sole traders. / <p>Betyg 170115</p>

The aim of this study is to examine incubators which were formed by Innovation Center Iceland right after the financial crisis hit in 2008. The question is whether a new concept can be defined, or a new phenomenon, called “crisis incubation”. This is a concept that has not been studied before. This research is carried out by comparing the incubators formed in Iceland with incubators in six other European countries before the crisis hit, and see if there are any differences between the entrepreneurial processes. According to the study, the main differences between traditional incubators and crisis incubators are the following: Access to crisis incubators is much easier, incubatees within crisis incubators are much less likely to experience problems after they have entered the incubators, and they are much more likely to solve problems they experience. The only problem that incubatees in a crisis incubator are more likely to experience is obtaining finance. The study also finds some similarities between traditional incubators and crisis incubators. Overall, the main results strongly indicate that the differences between the two concepts are so great, that a new phenomenon can be defined, although further research is needed.

Social media – over the last decade with the development of technology, this new worldwide phenomenon occurred on the horizon and changed the traditional marketing ways forever. Many companies therefore seek these new platforms in order to come closer to potential customers. One of the most important social media platforms for this is Instagram, where companies can approach their target groups by visual storytelling. Start-up companies have often limited marketing budgets, which makes Instagram a perfect marketing channel because it is cost effective. This thesis is a case study of how pictures on Instagram can be used to spread the brand and how different activities affect traffic to the website/webshop. This case study is based on a marketing model that has been created and tested on an interior company’s, Tegelbruketdesign, Instagram account. The marketing model is analysed and compared to collected data from semi-structured interviews with two popular private Instagram accounts and a semi-structured interview with a Digital PR &amp; Social Media strategist. The findings suggest that some picture types and styles are better then others regarding the spreading of the brand. The findings also suggest that Instagram activities have a positive affect on the traffic to the company’s website/webshop.

In today’s dynamic business environment, stakeholders are seen as essential and companies are expected to engage stakeholders in mutually productive areas such as innovation and product development, market and sales development, sustainability, etc. However, prior literature of stakeholder engagement has mainly focused on large companies and the benefits of stakeholder engagement are usually narrowed to one specific area of growth. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the micro level of start-up companies and examines benefits of stakeholder engagement in terms of different aspects of company growth (namely financial performance, product development and innovation, marketing/sales development, reputation, sustainability and CSR, knowledge learning and information.).   Literature review of concepts of stakeholder engagement, start-ups and company growth has led to the theoretical framework of the thesis. It serves as guidance for the overall methodology. In order to meet the research objectives, we conduct a qualitative exploratory study on eight Swedish start-ups from different industries and with different characteristics. The data collection technique we use is semi-structured interviews with the eight owners (CEOs) of the start-ups. Through the interviews we examined the stakeholders that start-up companies are engaging, the benefits of engaging different stakeholders, the costs which may prevent them from engagement and the relationships between stakeholder engagement and their company growth.   The thesis has found that start-ups do engage different stakeholders for various growth aspects, and identified major focus areas and main stakeholders that start-ups attach more importance to than others. Customers and suppliers are frequently mentioned for driving product, market and sales development, which leads to direct financial growth. Owner-managers, employees and investors are in the second group of growth drivers, while the third group includes personal network, government organizations and communities. Meanwhile, the thesis has also categorized the benefits of stakeholder engagement into two groups according to the relative importance found out. Market and sales development, innovation and product development and financial performance are the primary, more frequently mentioned benefits than sustainability/CSR, Knowledge Learning/Information and reputation. Thus, the thesis has extended the theoretical framework by fitting it to the start-up context. The thesis has contributed to prior literature by reinforcing the prior research on stakeholder engagement and also filling the research gap in micro start-up company context. The thesis can give practical implications to start-up companies in terms of how to engagement stakeholders to drive company growth. We could conclude that start-up company context carries certain difference from large companies in stakeholder engagement, and start-ups should be encouraged to engage stakeholders more to drive company growth.