<p>This study focuses on undergraduates in Shanghai and aims to generate some practical implications on how to improve the entrepreneurial environment by enhancing undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intentions. The authors initiated an analytical model with support from the GEM conceptual model and Krueger’s intention model (2000) to carry on an investigation among local undergraduates. The data reflects an actuality of undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, by the correlation analysis, undergraduates’ preferences upon different aspects of entrepreneurial environment are filtered out. Finally, practical implications are given through two aspects. One is divisions of respondents by their different grades of entrepreneurial intentions; the preferences from the higher intentioned group will firstly be suggested to improve. The other one is based on the comparison between undergraduates’ valuation and experts’ measurement on the entrepreneurial environment.</p><p>In conclusion, the study reflects that the analytical model is applicable to undergraduates in Shanghai. To enhance undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention, it is highly recommended by the authors to improve entrepreneurial environment through more attention to the feasibility of technology transfer, sufficient government programs for new firms, the effectiveness of technological region, and government projects.</p>

This study focuses on undergraduates in Shanghai and aims to generate some practical implications on how to improve the entrepreneurial environment by enhancing undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intentions. The authors initiated an analytical model with support from the GEM conceptual model and Krueger’s intention model (2000) to carry on an investigation among local undergraduates. The data reflects an actuality of undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, by the correlation analysis, undergraduates’ preferences upon different aspects of entrepreneurial environment are filtered out. Finally, practical implications are given through two aspects. One is divisions of respondents by their different grades of entrepreneurial intentions; the preferences from the higher intentioned group will firstly be suggested to improve. The other one is based on the comparison between undergraduates’ valuation and experts’ measurement on the entrepreneurial environment. In conclusion, the study reflects that the analytical model is applicable to undergraduates in Shanghai. To enhance undergraduates’ entrepreneurial intention, it is highly recommended by the authors to improve entrepreneurial environment through more attention to the feasibility of technology transfer, sufficient government programs for new firms, the effectiveness of technological region, and government projects.

<strong>Background. </strong> Post-secondary institutions account for more smokers than any other occupational setting in Canada (Hammond, 2005). Unfortunately, little is known about tobacco use among this distinct population of students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking and patterns of cigarette use among undergraduates at the University of Waterloo. The current study also sought to investigate the role of school connectedness in predicting students? smoking behaviours, and to explore the relation of student smoking status as determined by a behavoural measure and self-reported smoking status. <br /><br /> <strong>Methods. </strong> A secondary analysis of data collected using the University of Waterloo Tobacco Use Survey (2004) was employed for this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and percentages), non-parametric statistics (chi-square and Cohen?s kappa), principle components factor analysis and logistic regression in order to serve the exploratory purposes of the study. <br /><br /> <strong>Results. </strong> Overall, 17. 55% of the respondents reported current cigarette use (3. 37% daily; 14. 18% non-daily). Although most (85. 5%) students? self-perceptions remained as ?nonsmokers who never smoke? from university entrance to the study date, a greater proportion of students made a negative change in their self-perceived smoking status over this time period than a positive change (10. 13% vs. 4. 38%, respectively). Among students who perceived themselves as ?nonsmokers who never smoke? or ?ex-smokers? at university entrance, being more academically engaged predicted making a negative change in ones? self-perceived smoking status (OR= 1. 924, CI₉₅= 1. 064-3. 480). Finally, the proportion of non-daily smokers differed between the two measures of smoking status. Many students classified as ?occasional smokers? using the behavioural measure actually perceived themselves as ?nonsmokers who smoke sometimes?. <br /><br /> <strong>Discussion. </strong> The results of this study provide valuable new insights into smoking among Canadian university students. Students who are more academically engaged may be at risk of initiating smoking, perhaps as a means of stress reduction. Furthermore, the adult measure of occasional smoking typically used in tobacco research may be insufficient to inform tobacco control efforts for this population as it results in different proportions of non-daily smokers when compared against students? self-perceived smoking status. The findings of this exploratory research await replication with larger samples and different measures. Implications of the results for practice and further research are discussed. <br /><br /> <strong>Conclusions. </strong> This strategy of assessing connectedness to school shows promise in predicting post-secondary students? cigarette smoking behaviours. The results also provide support for continued investigation into the best ways to measure and assess current cigarette use in this unique population.

The main purpose of this study is to develop indices of the core competence for undergraduates in Taiwan and to explore the status quo of Taiwanese undergraduates¡¦ basic competence. Questionnaire survey was conducted in this research and based on The Indices of Undergraduates¡¦ Core Competence Scale. The scales in the study consist of 6 subscales of Basic & Professional Abilities, Creativity & Problem-solving Capability, Interpersonal Communication Skill, Moral & Civic Literacy, International Visions and Self-directed Learning to explore the important competence and literacy and the possessed competence and literacy. There were totally 642 subjects of three groups, including 113 superintendents, 116 professors, and 413 undergraduates. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, and Rasch analysis. The results indicated: (a) each subscale of each scale had reasonable Cronbach £\ ranging from .77 to .97 and the overall model fit statistics indicated that model fitted the observed data; (b) all subjects considered that undergraduates¡¦ competence was above average on the dimensions of the important competence and the possessed competence, except that the professor group considered that undergraduates¡¦ competence did not achieve average level on Creativity & Problem-solving Capability, International Visions, and Self-directed Learning of Possessed Competence and Literacy; (c) there were significant differences in different classes of superintendents, different genders and different grades of the undergraduates on Important Competence and Literacy for Undergraduates; (d) the items of important and not possessed considered by superintendents and professors were ¡§problem-solving skills,¡¨ ¡§wide visions,¡¨ ¡§foreign language skills,¡¨ ¡§setting learning goals and strategies,¡¨ ¡§evaluating learning achievements,¡¨ ¡§critical thinking skills,¡¨ ¡§managing learning environment,¡¨ and ¡§keen perception,¡¨ and the items of important and not possessed considered by undergraduates were ¡§foreign language skills,¡¨ ¡§making use of learning resource,¡¨ ¡§professional erudition,¡¨ ¡§capacity of logic analysis,¡¨ ¡§reflecting the effects of learning.¡¨ Suggestions were proposed as reference for college education policies, general courses, and future studies.

Physical activity has multiple health benefits, however, physical activity can also lead to the development of excessive exercise, disturbed eating patterns, negative body image and social physique anxiety. This study investigated the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), physical activity type, frequency of physical activity, and motives to exercise. Participants were female undergraduates (N=108) enrolled at the University of Victoria. Female students were recruited from Exercise, Physical and Health Education classes that were open to all students from different faculties. A cross-sectional survey assessed social physique anxiety, frequency of physical activity and motives for exercise as well as dividing students according to physical activity type (Varsity, Intramural, High Strenuous Exerciser, Low Strenuous Exerciser). An analysis of variance revealed no association between SPA and physical activity type. Additionally, correlations showed that SPA and frequency of physical activity was not significant. Interestingly, SPA was significant for all motives that include Interest (r=-.371, p<.01), Competence (r=-.330, p<.01), Appearance (r=.430), Fitness (r=-.215, p<.05), and Social (r=-.406, p<.01). A linear regression revealed that only Appearance and Social motives predicted SPA. / Graduate / 0573 / 0347 / 0566 / fawniar@uvic.ca

Physical activity has multiple health benefits, however, physical activity can also lead to the development of excessive exercise, disturbed eating patterns, negative body image and social physique anxiety. This study investigated the relationship between social physique anxiety (SPA), physical activity type, frequency of physical activity, and motives to exercise. Participants were female undergraduates (N=108) enrolled at the University of Victoria. Female students were recruited from Exercise, Physical and Health Education classes that were open to all students from different faculties. A cross-sectional survey assessed social physique anxiety, frequency of physical activity and motives for exercise as well as dividing students according to physical activity type (Varsity, Intramural, High Strenuous Exerciser, Low Strenuous Exerciser). An analysis of variance revealed no association between SPA and physical activity type. Additionally, correlations showed that SPA and frequency of physical activity was not significant. Interestingly, SPA was significant for all motives that include Interest (r=-.371, p<.01), Competence (r=-.330, p<.01), Appearance (r=.430), Fitness (r=-.215, p<.05), and Social (r=-.406, p<.01). A linear regression revealed that only Appearance and Social motives predicted SPA. / Graduate / 0573 / 0347 / 0566 / fawniar@uvic.ca

Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Illinois University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-64).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Counselor Education. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Business and Finance) / Entrepreneurial firms, entrepreneurial capital, entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial economy are a few terminologies that have emerged since the resurgence of entrepreneurship, arising from the 1990's entrepreneurial revolution in the United States of America. Entrepreneurship education, a paradigm shift from the conventional, has been identifies as being critical to fostering entrepreneurship, building entrepreneurial capital, growing entrepreneurial economy and ultimately delivering sustainable economic growth and developmend for any nation - emerging or developed. From America to Africa, entrepreneurship modules with varies objectives and designs have multiplied in the last decade.

With the rapid revolution within networks as well as social media, today people face areal well-rounded and colorful high-tech world. Indeed, the technology of socialmedia changes the way that people socialize and communicate. What is more, thepotential of the social media is limitless, because we can see the combination betweenthe classroom and networks for the communication within a group chatting on acourse discussion. This is really used in our life, especially in western countries. Bycomparison, the model or pattern of learning by using social media in China is quitedifferent. This is why this paper focuses on the perspective of undergraduates’attitudes as well as behaviors when they use Hatcheck during their studying life.Hatcheck is the biggest application for socializing in China and is seen as a ChineseFacebook. How can it change Chinese students’ manners to learn and how canstudents manage their learning process self-regulatory? This will be discussed withinthis paper.