Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on June 11, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Structural Engineering, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 88 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-49).

1 Abstract The thesis explores the role of the contemporary underground subculture. The study critically deals with the "underground myth": the idea that the underground community had a major influence on the fall of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The last topic is the role of Voknoviny, a magazine considered a fundamental medium of the current subculture. The theoretical part of the work focuses on history of the underground subculture. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes popular culture and subcultures theories. Also, the historians' view of the normalization proces and the role the underground played in the fall of the communist regime. The principal part of the work analyses interviews with four figures of the underground community. The research sample was designed to cover the main significant "structures and institutions" of the underground. The analysis of the interviews is complemented by the content analysis of the Voknoviny magazine. The results show that while the current underground is based on the tradition of its pre-revolution predecessor, it now fits within the dominant society framework. The interviewees agreed that the role of the underground in the collapse of the communist regime lied primarily on uniting the opposition. Although Voknoviny has a larger readership than...

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Pipelines that are used for the transport of energy and services are very important lifelines to modem society. Though pipelines are generally buried in unsaturated soils, the design guidelines are based on the assumption that the soil is either dry or fully saturated. For certain geotechnical problems, this assumption may not be acceptable because the water meniscus formed between soil particles creates an additional normal force between them by suction, which in turn forms temporary bonds. A recent series of large-scale physical model experiments at the Pipeline Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL) of Tokyo Gas, Japan show a higher peak load under unsaturated conditions compared to dry conditions. In contrast, recent experiments performed at Cornell University (CU) show that the soil-load due to lateral pipeline movement in dry and unsaturated sands are virtually the same. Thus, the effect of partial saturation on soil loading to pipeline may be different depending on soil type, moisture content and density. The current study investigates this problem through triaxial testing and constitutive modelling of the unsaturated soils used for the experiments and finite element simulations of the experiments. The mechanical behaviour of the sands used in the physical model experiments has been investigated by conducting a series of laboratory experiments. When compacted to the same energy level, Tokyo Gas sand exhibits larger strength in unsaturated conditions than in dry conditions at low confining stress levels mainly due to the suction-induced apparent cohesion generated by the fine particles present in the sand. In contrast, for coarser Cornell sand, the suction effect is found to be small even at low confining stress level, and hence the strength in unsaturated conditions is similar to that in dry ( or fully saturated) conditions. To capture the observed behaviour of dry as well as unsaturated soils, advanced constitutive soil models were developed. For dry (or fully saturated) soils, the modified Mohr-Coulomb and Original Nor-Sand (Cheong, 2006) models were able to simulate the general behaviour including the strain softening effect. To cater for the behaviour of unsaturated soils, the saturated versions of the NorSand and the modified Mohr-Coulomb models were modified in conjunction with the generalised effective stress framework. By simulating the triaxial experimental data, it is demonstrated that the developed models can predict the realistic soil behaviour of unsaturated soils. Using the developed models, the large scale physical model experiments of pipelines subjected to lateral soil movements at PERL and CU were simulated by the explicit finite element method. Good agreement was found between the numerical models and the experiments. Further FE analyses were conducted to investigate the pipeline behaviour under lateral soil movement at conditions of different HID's, moisture contents, and relative densities. The results were synthesized to produce new normalised pipe load charts. Three dimensional finite element analysis was performed to simulate the soil-pipeline interaction under strike-slip fault movements. The finite element model was first validated by comparing the computed results to the data produced from a full scale experiment carried out at CU. The analysis was then further extended by varying the initial conditions of the sand (sand type, density, moisture content, etc.), pipe material, pipe burial depth, and pipeline-fault rupture inclination. It was found in all cases that the peak lateral loads on the pipelines subjected to strike-slip fault movements are less than or equal to the peak loads computed by the 2-D lateral movement simulations.

This thesis was prompted by the belief that local residential streets could be better used and serviced if a common underground structure were provided for all utilities. Such a structure could not only get wiring underground, a desirable aim in itself, but also gather all of the utilities together in a narrow portion of the street. This would free the remainder of the street from the restrictions imposed by the utilities, and allow designers to create more interesting and pleasant environments. It was further believed that such structures might be feasible if the designing and servicing of local streets were considered comprehensively. These beliefs have been investigated by formulating and testing the general hypotheses that installing utilities in specially designed underground structures in local residential streets would: a) permit better use and design of such streets than is possible by current servicing practices; b) be feasible (from functional, physical, social, staging, administrative, political, financial, and economic points of view) if comprehensively designed. The scope of this investigation has been limited to future local streets in single-family residential districts of Metropolitan Vancouver for these reasons. Future streets would allow maximum flexibility in design and savings in servicing costs by proposed practices. Local streets generally have simpler and smaller-sized facilities which are most widely spread. Single-family residential districts are and will be the largest land use and hence, have the most increase in streets. Metropolitan Vancouver has been studied because of its proximity and familiarity to the investigator and its variety of servicing practices. Street use is the use made of streets including such ones as playing not currently facilitated. The 'servicement' is that part of the physical environment created by property service facilities in the streets. Property services are those public services providing service to property as distinct from people. Current practice is the ways of designing and installing facilities followed at the present time. The term 'better' in the first hypothesis is interpreted in terms of elements of the public interest. These include public health, safety, convenience, amenity, welfare, and economy. Criteria of feasibility have been established for the evaluation of the proposed practices. These include functional, physical, social staging, administrative, political, functional, and economic feasibility. They are essentially different ways of looking at a complex problem. [ ... ] / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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The problem of this study was an audience analysis of Dallas' weekly underground newspaper Iconoclast. A readership survey was mailed to 200 randomly selected subscribers to Iconoclast. Data were taken from the ninety useable questionnaires of those returned. The study is organized into four chapters. Chapter I discusses problems, procedures, introductory material and recent and related studies. Chapter II is a history of Iconoclast. Chapter III is an analysis of data. Chapter IV presents summary, conclusions, and recommendations. The data revealed the typical subscriber as having a mean age of 28.7, some college education, and higher than $10,000 yearly income. He obtains both exclusive and supplementary information from Iconoclast, and considers it an important but biased news source.

Name of the author: Linda Dejdarová School: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Nám. Jana Palacha 2, 116 38 Prague 1 Program: Finnish philology Title: Life and Literature under the Ground: Underground culture in Finland in the late 60s and the early 70s Consultant: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pages: 131 (117 + 14 pages of Attachments) Number of attachments: 4 Year: 2012 Key words: Finnish underground, alternative culture, underground literature, underground comics, anarchism, avant-garde, beat-generation, beatniks, hippies, yippies This Master's thesis aims to chart the Finnish underground culture and the ways it was expressed. The time period covered is mainly the late 60s and the early 70s, which was the period of the most significant underground activity. First I deal with the reasons behind the birth of underground culture in general and with its impact on the birth of Finnish underground. This Master's thesis deals with the Finnish underground-culture from the cultural and sociological point of view. I introduce its most important personalities and their work as well as some important cultural events and other sociological links. In this Master's thesis underground-culture is perceived as a complex of many forms of art including...

The purposes of this study were (1) to identify the reasons for and the processes of underground communication in Russia since the seventeenth century and (2) to utilize the information to interpret the clandestine media's significance. The study concluded: (1) underground media have evolved because Russian governments have oppressed free speech; (2) dissidents have shared similarities in the methods of illicit communications; (3) whereas the earlier clandestine press tended to be either literary or political, today's samizdat is a synthesis of many varieties of dissent; (4) underground media have reflected the unique characteristics of Russian journalism; and (5) the Chronicle of Current Events is unparalleled as a news journal in the history of Russian dissent.