The main purpose of this essay is to examine the existing differences between how religion istaught at secondary schools in Hungary and Sweden. Furthermore, this essay will also discussand strive to answer the three questions that are stated below: 1. What differences and similarities can be found between religious education inSwedish and Hungarian secondary schools? 2. Why do these differences and/or similarities occur? 3. What are the consequences of these differences and/or similarities, according totheories on religious education and according to pedagogical theories? In order to answer these questions, this essay analyzes both Swedish and Hungariancurriculum, syllabus and other governmental documents on religious education in publicsecondary schools. Theories on decentralization, multiculturalism in schools and on seculareducation are some of the theories applied in order to achieve a multifaceted discussion. Thefinal conclusion of this essay is that there are numerous similarities and differences regardingreligious education between the countries, including content, form and focus within theprogrammes. These similarities and differences occur mainly due to political decisions, butalso due to historical and cultural contexts. The consequences of the previously statedsimilarities and differences are that students in Hungary and in Sweden can develop adifferent kind of worldview and perspective of knowledge. Furthermore, the difference withinthe two school systems may foster different values and provide students with different formsof knowledge and abilities.