This thesis empirically studies three aspects of marriage pertaining to young women in Egypt using a young people specific Survey of Young People in Egypt 2009. The first essay investigates the determinants of the marriage valuation of young women in Egypt through the value of the jewellery received on marriage. The empirical analysis focuses on the role of circumcision, kinship marriages and the competitiveness in the marriage market in determining the marriage valuation of young women. A Cox proportional hazard model as well as a Heckman-two step model is used to correct for selection into marriage using circumcision as the identifier variable. The analysis allows the computation of the returns to investments in female's human capital in the marriage market and the comparison with the similar returns in the labour market. The overall results show the role of circumcision in the marriage prospects of women rather than the marriage valuation. Kinship marriages, although popular in the Arab region show no impact on the marriage valuation of young women. Marriage market competitiveness, however, significantly determines young women's marriage valuation. The comparison between the returns to female's investments in education in both the marriage market and the labour market show the high degree of substitutability between the two market. The second essay investigates the determinants of young wives' happiness in marriage. The analysis investigates the role of institutions (religiosity and social trust), the time use of the wife, living with in-laws as well as inter-marital discussions using an ordered probit model. The results suggest the significance of the demographic and the economic variables in determining young wives' marital happiness. However, the mutual relationship with the husband and the inter-marital discussions appear to play a more significant role in determining the marital happiness of young wives. Finally, the third essay adds the labour market outcomes of the husband to the ordered probit model of the wives' marital happiness. The analysis investigates the role of the husband's labour market outcomes, the time use of the husband and the social network of the husband on the wife's marital happiness. a heterogeneous impact of husband's annual earnings (in the rural areas) and the time the husband allocates to joint leisure.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: This study is an attempt to determine the degree to which the Higher Institute of Nursing is meeting the contemporary needs of the United Arab Republic. The purposes of this investigation are: 1. To determine to what extent the existing program has accomplished the following: a) the philosophy and goals have been in accordance with the educational program; b) the functions and goals of graduates have been specified and were in accordance with these objectives and aims; c) graduates have been educationally prepared to assume the positions to which they were assigned. 2. To view nursing in the broad social context and investigate the socio-cultural, political, and economic factors which have influenced the development of the nursing profession in the United Arab Republic. 3. To propose a plan for developing a curriculum for nursing at the university level which will take into account the general characteristics of the society and will satisfy the medical and health needs that are evident in the country. PROCEDURAL METHOD: The case study method has been employed in the research and writing of this dissertation. This method was selected for reasons related to the nature of the study undertaken: 1. The writer was working in an unformulated area where there was relatively little available in terms of previous studies on nursing education in the United Arab Republic which would serve as a guide. 2. The intensive case method which involves the case study of a group has been found to be a particularly fruitful method for stimulating insights and suggesting hypotheses. 3. The attitude of the investigator is one of alert receptivity of seeking rather than testing. Instead of limiting himself to the testing of hypotheses, the investigator is guided by the features of the object being studied; his inquiries are constantly in the process of reformulation and redirection as new information is obtained. 4. The intensity of the study of the group selected for investigation and the intensity of the attempt to obtain sufficient information will characterize and explain the unique features of the case and those which it has in common with other cases. 5. It relies on the integrative powers of the investigator, on his ability to draw together many bits and pieces of information into a unified interpretation. FINDINGS: 1. The United Arab Republic is undergoing rapid social, economic and political changes which the education institutions both reflect and effect. 2. In founding the Higher Institute of Nursing with the aid of World Health Organization, the United Arab Republic adopted the program of studies from foreign curriculae patterns. International nursing leaders were among those who helped establish this institute because no Egyptian nurses were qualified at that time to participate in this program. The program did not have the necessary adjustments made to meet the needs of the culture concerned: a) the program does not deal with problems and issues which are peculiar to the culture and contribute to its health and nursing problems; b) the program does not equip students with the necessary tools and techniques which would enable them to attempt to reach a solution to some of the most urgent nursing problems. 3. The Higher Institute of Nursing prepared students who, upon termination, were not assigned to positions which were in accordance with the education they received. 4. The Institute has not made explicit what the role of the university educated nurse is to be. 5. Changes in medical and health practices have influenced the responsibilities of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of a foreign curricula pattern without taking into consideration possible outcomes and consequences due to cultural forces may bring about not only unfavorable results but total failure. From the findings, suggestions were made to improve the situation. / 2031-01-01

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thèse--Geneva. / Bibliography: p. [145]-149.

The capital-output ratio has been widely used by economists and econometricians in model building for policy purposes in both developed and developing countries. Particularly in the developing economies, where planning has been an important feature of economic policy, the projection of output and investment requirements in different sectors is often based on the capital-output ratio. In the First Five-Year Plan of the United Arab Republic (U.A.R.), planners have basically used the incremental capital-output ratio for broad general sectors to derive investment requirements therein. The plan's realizations fell short of the target. This was natural and to be expected in a first effort to plan economic development. However, this raises many important questions. Was the discrepancy between the realization and the target in the First Five-Year Plan due to the very nature of the capital-output ratio technique itself? To what extent did changing external conditions lead to such discrepancy? In order to attempt an answer to these questions, it is necessary to be aware of the meaning, limitations and problems of measuring the capital-output ratio. This is the subject matter of Chapter II. Chapter III is devoted to searching the answers to the question raised in the previous paragraph. The trend of the capital-output ratio is vitally important for the developing countries with scarce capital. This is because the higher is that ratio, the more investment will be needed to achieve a certain rate of growth. In our case: What is the likely trend of the capital-output ratio for U.A.R., and what are its implications for the future development of the country? Specifically, will the country face increasing, or diminishing, problems in the future as far as capital financing is concerned? Chapter IV will attempt to frame an answer to these questions based on both, theoretical argument and empirical evidence. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

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Concerned with mobilizing its populace for a sunnner swing tosocialism in 1961, the government of the U. A. R. was pressed toresolve its conflicts with the intellectuals. Muhammad HasanaynBaykal, through ms editorial. columns in al-Ahr8m endeavored tooutline the tensions which existed between Itthe revolutionary drivingforce" and the intellectuals and then to suggest ways to minimize themwithin the context of the country's developing pains. Although hisefforts appear appropriate for vlooing the technical intelligentsiaand the general public to the socialist schemes, casualties of hisdiscussion are a complete and profound interpretation of intellectualsin crisis and therefore the self-defined "truelt intellectual. Haykal'sremarks have been evaluated against a background of developments inthe U. A. R. especially before end after 1961.

(in English): The topic of this thesis is the attempt about summary of the important meetings, deals and development of the relationships between the Czechoslovakia and Egypt between the years 1955-1967. The time period of this thesis is bounded by these years because the relationships, were not common before year 1955, meanwhile the political career of Antonín Novotný was coming to its end in 1967. Novotný stopped to be the 1st secretary of ÚV KSČ in January 1968 and he abdicated on his presidency in March 1968. Except the relationships of the Czechoslovakia and Egypt I had been trying to describe the relationships between Egypt and the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the Soviet Union and with the another states, which had significant influence on the development of region and influenced the relationships between the Czechoslovakia and Egypt too. The sources of my thesis are mainly the archive materials, especially from the Archive of the foreign department and also National archive, where is stored archive of Antonín Novotný and another funds of the Political bureau and Bureau of the Central committee of the KSČ. Thesis had been written in the chronological development of the relationships, it is not written thematically. Main objective of my thesis was to find out if there was a...