The purpose of my thesis research was to transcribe a collection of letters to John H. Crawford about the formation and actions of the Sixtieth Tennessee Infantry (Confederate) in Jonesboro during the Civil War, annotate them, and provide an introduction that details the events and people described in the letters. These letters are important because they describe first-hand the process of formation of this Confederate infantry unit in an area of East Tennessee that predominately supported the Union. The letters themselves can be found in the Archives of Appalachia at East Tennessee State University’s Charles C. Sherrod Library.

The purpose of this work is to identify the particular changes in the movement for social justice for African Americans. Great strides in the advancement of social justice began just after the Second World War. Issues of ideology, foreign policy, advancement in education, and growing activism led to what is known as the Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement was a determined effort by African Americans and their supporters to eliminate legal and societal oppression. Measured by the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Act of 1965, and the equal opportunity employment section of Lyndon Johnson’s Executive Order 11246, the movement was considered a success. Those victories certainly helped African Americans experience greater equality and opportunities to better their lives. The fact remains, however, that there was more work to be done. This work will argue that social justice was advanced in large part because of the public school system. The public education system in America was and still is imperative to eradicating social injustice. Important new laws and policies regarding public schools such as affirmative action, the busing mandates, and the Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965 helped to bring social justice into the realm of possibility for African Americans. This work will show how the public education system was used in the struggle to secure social justice for African Americans in the years following the Civil Rights movement.

For much of the early 1960s, House Ways and Means chairman Wilbur Mills represented the “One-Man Veto” on Medicare before eventually offering his reluctant support to the measure in 1964 and 1965. Ironically, this longtime opponent would be the one to suggest an expansion in the scope of the bill. Early proposals for Medicare only offered to cover hospital costs; Mills would call for physician costs to be covered, as well. The aim of this thesis is to show how Mills’s expansion of Medicare benefits in 1965 caused health care costs to skyrocket in the late 1960s, causing the fiscally conservative Mills to co-sponsor legislation for a single-payer national health insurance program along with Senator Edward Kennedy almost a decade later.

Introduction: the "gloomy night of democracy": Federalist opposition to the Three-Fifths Clause -- 1. "Have these Haytians no rights?": restricting maritime commerce to safeguard slavery (1805-1806) -- 2. "Indissolubly connected with commerce": nonimportation, southern sectionalism, and the defense of New England -- 3. "Squabbles in Madam Liberty's family": Jefferson's embargo and the causes of Federalist extremism (1807-1808) -- 4. "O grab me!": the justification for disunion (1808-1809) -- 5. "Sincere neutrality": war, moderates, and the Federalists Party's decline (1810-1820) -- Epilogue: Old Romans: Federalist activism and the antislavery legacy (1820-1865). / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1123/thumbnail.jpg

No description available.

Oakley is located in southern Idaho in the Goose Creek Valley, an area traversed by trappers and explorers who named the streams and left accounts of their experiences and travels. It was a rendezvous for Indians who went there to gather pine nuts and get wild game for their winter's meat.An emigration trail was located south of Oakley, where thousands wended their way to California. Emigrants going to Oregon from the East branched off this trail at the City of Rocks and came down Birch Creek to the Rock Creek Stage Station, southeast of the present town of Twin Falls, Idaho, and there met the established Oregon Trail.

This study examines the life and business career of Moses Dresser Phillips (1813--1859), an important, but previously neglected, member of the Antebellum literary marketplace. If mentioned in discussions of Antebellum publishing at all, Moses Dresser Phillips is usually noted for choosing to create the Atlantic Monthly, one of his most distinguished achievements, or for deciding not to publish Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of his most costly errors. Although one of the most powerful figures in the literary marketplace, Phillips died in 1859 at age forty-six. Life dealt him a short tenure as a result of the stress caused by the Panic of 1857, an event over which he could play no controlling hand.;Phillips prepared himself well for an undertaking such as the Atlantic Monthly, having utilized personal and professional networks, listened to consumers through market offering and response, advertised widely, learned lessons, and exerted leadership on the important issue of slavery. A study of Moses Dresser Phillips not only reveals the powerful presence and enterprising strategies of this wise man, but also corrects the misconception that the intended and actual audiences for his Atlantic were simply highbrow in nature. Instead, the Atlantic Monthly was designed to attract and to provide leadership on "Literature, Art and Politics" for the constantly expanding wide audience of readers familiar with the Phillips, Sampson and Company imprint.;Chapter One of traces the life and influences on Phillips from his rural childhood through his early years as a bookseller and publisher in Worcester, Massachusetts. Chapter Two explores the creation and establishment of his new Boston firm, Phillips and Sampson. This chapter examines the young firm's means of self-promotion, its attention to new markets, such as the California gold miners, and the importance of celebrated figures, such as Edward Everett Hale and Ralph Waldo Emerson, who became involved with the firm through personal networks. Chapter Three is a synchronic study of one year, when, through wise choices and aggressive advertising, Phillips, Sampson and Company was frequently noticed in periodicals. Chapter Four studies the period from 1851 to 1856 when the Boston firm became a major force in the publishing world. This chapter explains why Phillips, Sampson and Company did not publish Uncle Tom's Cabin, and how this error transformed the firm into a supporter of the antislavery cause. Chapter Four also discusses the firm's choices and recruitment of important authors and analyzes the rhetoric of its advertisements. Chapter Five discusses the years 1857 to 1859, a time when Moses Dresser Phillips, wise with experience from years of dialogue with his audience, decided to exert leadership by beginning a periodical that was eventually named Atlantic Monthly.

" america.jp" explores identity, nationalism, and power on the Internet between 1969 and 2000 through a cultural analysis of Internet code and the creative processes behind it. The dissertation opens with an examination of a real-time Internet Blues jam that linked Japanese and American musicians between Tokyo and Mississippi in 1999. The technological, cultural, and linguistic uncertainties that characterized the Internet jam, combined with the inventive reactions of the musicians who participated, help to introduce the fundamental conceptual question of the dissertation: is code a cultural product and if so can the Internet be considered a distinctly "American" technology?;A comparative study of the Internet's origins in the United States and Japan finds that code is indeed a cultural entity but that it is a product not of one nation, but of many. A cultural critique of the Internet's domain name conventions explores the heavily-gendered creation of code and the institutional power that supports it. An ethnography of the Internet's managing organization, The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), investigates conflicts and identity formation within and among nations at a time when new Internet technologies have blurred humans' understanding of geographic boundaries. In the year 2000, an effort to prevent United States domination of ICANN produced unintended consequences: disputes about the definition of geographic regions and an eruption of anxiety, especially in China, that the Asian seat on the ICANN board would be dominated by Japan. These incidents indicate that the Internet simultaneously destabilizes identity and ossifies it. In this paradoxical situation, cultures and the people in them are forced to reconfigure the boundaries that circumscribe who they think they are.

From the 1730s through the 1770s Shadwell was home to Jane and Peter Jefferson, their eight children, over sixty slaves owned by them, and numerous hired workers. Archaeological and documentary evidence reveals much about Thomas Jefferson's boyhood home. Shadwell was a well-appointed gentry house at the center of a highly structured plantation landscape during a period of Piedmont settlement that scholars have traditionally classified as frontier. Yet the Jeffersons accommodated in their house, landscape, material goods, and behaviors the most up-to-date expectations of Virginia's elite tidewater culture. The material remnants of Shadwell raise questions about the character of this frontier and how the Jeffersons maintained a style of living that reflected their high social status.;The Jeffersons' wealth made it possible for them to enjoy the fashionable material goods they desired and also meant that they had the ability to influence the character and development of their community in profound ways. In providing their family with a home and consumer goods that served the familiar functions of elite society, they also fostered the growth of a local community of craftspeople whose skills the Jeffersons needed. The Jeffersons' slaves worked agricultural jobs but also were cooks, personal servants, and nurses to children and had a variety of skills to support the Jeffersons' material needs and heightened social position. The number of African Americans at Shadwell meant that slaves had opportunities to form effective families and communities. The Jeffersons' various agricultural investments required the building of infrastructure that small planters nearby could also use. Social connections and economic clout translated into political influence; the Jeffersons and their peers affected how their county grew and also how Virginia grew.;Archaeology at Shadwell gave new meaning to many of the historic documents as the material culture recovered there prompted fresh reading of much that seemed familiar. The results of the research offer new views of the Jefferson family and their role in settling Virginia, a rich description of the lives of both house and field slaves who worked for them, and a few new perspectives on Thomas Jefferson himself.

In the years following the Civil War, southerners struggled to adapt to the changes wrought by the war. Many, however, worked to resist those changes. In particular, southern men fought the revised racial and gender roles that resulted from defeat and emancipation. Southern men felt emasculated by both events and sought to consolidate the control they had enjoyed before the war. In their efforts to restore their pre-war hegemony, these men used coercion and violence with regularity.;White southern women were often as adamant as their male counterparts. Women of the elite classes were most eager to bolster antebellum ideals of womanhood, the privileges of which they enjoyed and guarded carefully. In keeping with the turmoil of the war, however, white women endorsed, encouraged, and engaged in acts of racial violence alongside their men. Such behavior may have been intended to preserve the antebellum order, but it served only to alter it.;In addition, black women were as determined to carve out a measure of womanhood for themselves as powerfully as white women worked to keep it from them. Black women asserted their rights as mothers, wives, and independent free women in the post-war years. Ironically, they too participated in acts of intimidation and racial violence in an effort to safeguard their rights. Such activities did not simply force the inclusion of black women in white definitions of womanhood, but altered the meaning of womanhood for both races.;The fields of battle on which these men and women engaged included the struggle for land and labor immediately following the war's end; the rise of black politicization and the reaction of white Democrats; the creation of the Ku Klux Klan as an agent of both gender and politics; the election of 1876 in which men and women of both races used the political contest to assert their competing gender definitions; and the rise of lynching as the final, desperate act of antebellum white manhood. Despite the reactionary nature of white women's activism, the fact of their activism and the powerful presence of black women in these violent exchanges reshaped the nature of southern gender roles forever.