本論文透過對香港中文大學歷史發展的個案研究，希望將新制度主義的理論帶入傳統／現代的討論中。一方面，中文大學受到世界性的認知與規範壓力而要蛻變成一所高等教育的學府。另一方面，由於歷史因素，中文大學卻將振興書院教育傳統作為大學目標，因而保留了中文大學未變成現代大學前的決策組織書院組織。傳統與現代並生既作為中文大學的特色，卻同時使中大成為一個合適的個案去探索傳統與現代的動力。 / 本研究分為兩個部分。首部分透過考察中文大學的官方資料，研究中文大學的書院制度與大學其他部門的關係。這部分提出新制度主義能夠為社會學理論中有關傳統與現代的討論提供新的觀點。而這套由制度主義立場出發新概念化的用處，將會透過在中文大學的個案中進行闡釋與討論。 / 第二部分則討論三所創校書院的發展。而研究辦法則是研究書院如何定義與組織其書院任務。本論文希望透過引入新制度主義世界政體的理論，為現存有關地方傳統在社會／集體發展角色進行探究。透過這項經驗研究，將會從制度主義理論角度提出本地傳統能夠保存的條件，以供未來研究繼續探究。 / The thesis aims at shedding light on the tradition/modernity debate through neo-institutional perspective. It is done by a case study of historical development of the organization of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). On one hand, CUHK received global cognitive and normative pressure to modernize as a member of global higher education institute. On the other hand, owing to historical coincidence, CUHK take on the mission to revitalize college educational tradition by maintain the college organization. The coexistence of tradition (pre-modern) organizational unit and modern university apparatus of CUHK qualified it as an appropriate venue to explore tradition/modern dynamics. / The research is a two-folded study. The first part studies college system and its relation to the other constituents of CUHK. It is done by tracking the change of organizational structure and representation of CUHK in various official documents. It is suggested that neo-institutionalism contributes a new perspective on the tradition/modernity in sociological theory. The utility of this new insight is illustrated and discussed through the detailed case study of CUHK. / The second part studies the development of three founding college of CUHK. It is done by studying how college define and organize their tasks. This thesis aims at engaging in the ongoing debate on the role of local tradition in the societal /collectivities’ development by introducing the insight of neo-institutionalism world polity theory. Though the study, condition leading to the perseveration of local tradition are explored and specified for further exploration. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 李越民. / "2012年9月". / "2012 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-119). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Li Yuemin. / 摘要 --- p.i / 鳴謝 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.v / 圖表目錄 --- p.viii / Chapter 1 --- 引言 --- p.p.1 / Chapter 2 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.p.2 / Chapter 2.1 --- 當代社會學理論：從現代化到現代性 --- p.p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- 比較社會學：「傳統」的再發現 --- p.p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- 新制度主義的框架 --- p.p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- 傳統與現代--制度主義的概念化 --- p.p.14 / Chapter 2.5 --- 小結：現代性下的傳統 --- p.p.17 / Chapter 3 --- 中文大學的個案 --- p.p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- 個案描述 --- p.p.20 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 書院制度：中文大學的「傳統」 --- p.p.25 / Chapter 3.2 --- 以中文大學作個案研究的合適性問題 --- p.p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- 從「傳統--現代」框架看中大發展 --- p.p.29 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 關於研究議程的選取 --- p.p.29 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- 兩種「傳統--現代」研究議程 --- p.p.29 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- 傳統乃是現代的產物：新制度主義的研究議程 --- p.p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- 新制度主義對世界大學制度環境的解釋 --- p.p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- 新制度主義對中文大學發展的理解：兼論中文大學個案的獨特性 --- p.p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- 小結：個案研究的指導思想 --- p.p.46 / Chapter 4 --- 重新理解中大1977年中大改革：中文大學邁向現代大學的關鍵時刻 --- p.p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- 1977年改制：變了些甚麼？ --- p.p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- 1977改制，為何而變？：現存「向內望」的解釋 --- p.p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- 新制度主義對1977年中大改革的另一種解讀 --- p.p.58 / Chapter 5 --- 邁向現代大學的前提：書院制度作為組織配置方法 --- p.p.60 / Chapter 5.1 --- 制度邏輯的研究議程 --- p.p.60 / Chapter 5.2 --- 書院制：傳統與現代張力的緩衝機制 --- p.p.63 / Chapter 5.3 --- 資料來源 --- p.p.64 / Chapter 5.4 --- 中文通識教育的決策與執行架構 --- p.p.65 / Chapter 5.5 --- 中大通識教育的決策與執行架構變遷：歷時性的觀點 --- p.p.69 / Chapter 6 --- 邁向現代大學之路：書院傳統的表達性與儀式性功能 --- p.p.70 / Chapter 6.1 --- 書院制度的表達性與儀式性功能 --- p.p.70 / Chapter 6.2 --- 以組織自述為例 --- p.p.71 / Chapter 6.3 --- 以升學刊物中的大學形象為例 --- p.p.74 / Chapter 6.4 --- 以〈校長的話〉為例 --- p.p.78 / Chapter 7 --- 現代大學的「現代」書院 --- p.p.80 / Chapter 7.1 --- 書院制度與創校書院 --- p.p.80 / Chapter 7.2 --- 「傳統」的書院制度；「現代」的書院 --- p.p.81 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- 組織目標：趨同 --- p.p.82 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- 崇基學院的獨特性 --- p.p.86 / Chapter 7.3 --- 新亞書院，建立中的「正當獨特性」？ --- p.p.92 / Chapter 8 --- 結論 --- p.p.94 / Chapter 附錄 --- (I) 有關三所創校書院的書院委員會（組織活動）獨特性計算 --- p.p.98 / Chapter 附錄 --- (II) 有關計算三所創校書院在改制前後書院委員會的替換比例 --- p.p.101 / Chapter 9 --- 參考書目 --- p.p.104

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Since the 1980s, decision-making and managerial power has gradually been handed over to higher education institutions in China. This has helped to reduce the government’s financial burden and improve the administrative efficiency of universities. A particular reform involves the establishment of autonomous experimental units within 36 universities. These decentralized units are more highly dependent on market forces than other parts of the university. This thesis examines the development of one such academic unit within one of China’s major universities. The particular academic unit, heretofore referred to as a “school” is studied through a detailed examination of its teaching, research and administration. It is granted a high degree of autonomy to manage itself and its finance. Therefore, it is encouraged to be innovative in its organizational structure and working procedures. This helps drive it to cooperate with industry and adopt a market mechanism in management. The research demonstrates the changing relationships of this school with its parent university, with governments at different levels, and with industry and the wider society. The results indicate that a major shift is taking place in Chinese higher education, as China responds with increased marketization and decentralization. Borrowing theories developed by Clark and Oliver in the fields of higher education and organizational theory, this thesis not only provides a deeper understating of the triangular relationship among universities, state authority and the market, but also refines these theories to suit the Chinese context. This investigation reveals that thus a particular academic unit, unlike most university units in China, must respond to external pressures and expectations in order to survive in a new context of decentralization and commodification. The thesis identifies and analyzes the critical factors affecting the school’s development and its coping strategies within an altered environment of operation. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this work views the selected unit of a major Chinese university as an open organizational system, and analyzes the external and internal forces that influence the school’s development. The data collection approach is comprised of semi-structured and unstructured interviews to elicit views and perceptions from the respondents regarding the decision-making, policy implementation and the development of the unit. A focus group interview method is used to question current undergraduate and postgraduate students about perceptions and attitudes towards the development of the unit. Documents are used to obtain background information and to support and triangulate the data collected from individual and group interviews. Although the school failed to make radical changes to the existing university structure and institutions, it has demonstrated the ability to sustain itself, innovate, and gain legitimacy through continuing negotiation and compromise with university authority, government and market. Based on the results of this research, I would argue that if units similar to this one within Chinese universities are granted more administrative autonomy and orient themselves to market forces, Chinese universities will be able to integrate themselves into the increasingly marketized economy and contribute to national development without sacrificing the core academic missions of teaching, research and service. / published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

This is a case study of the administration and organization of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), a prominent Chinese university operating under the State Education Commission of China. The prime objective of the research was to understand how a modern Chinese university is governed at the cultural level---what are the implicit governing assumptions of the upper level administrators? An objective of the completed study is to promote international understanding of Chinese higher education in light of China's 1985 education reform. / Data was gathered during eight months of fieldwork conducted in the 1995 academic year. More than one hundred interviews were conducted. Documents in the University Archives were searched. My prior experience was drawn upon, as I had studied and worked at HUST for eleven years. / After a brief description of the history and the campus of the university, the study includes selected major aspects of the administration of HUST including: student affairs, quality control in teaching, the academic echelon (a form of research team), academic personnel, social services, finance, and the Chinese Communist Party role in management. / The concluding chapter presents an ideal-type framework to describe HUST's administration. It has three concepts: institutionalized elitism, the danwei system, and a collectivism vision of management. The institutionalized elitism refers to the institutions for selection, training, utilizing, and honoring the best. The danwei system is defined as a working/living community under a single authority. Organizationally, it supports the institutions of elitism. Both concepts are based upon a collectivism vision, that is, a collective should take care of the interests of both the collective and its members, and the collective interests are supreme over individual interests. These ideas strongly conform to the Grand Union (datong), a utopian ideal of Confucianism. Although many changes have occurred in HUST since 1985, the features mentioned are unlikely to disappear in the near future. Knowing these features should help people in working with people in China, and monitoring the changes should be a help in predicting the progress of China.

This study explores the notion of autonomy in the dynamics of private higher education in China. Focusing on the role and function of autonomy in the operation of private institutions of higher education, it examines the evolution of government policy, documents the recent rapid development of private post-secondary institutions, and investigates the quality of the relationships between private institutions, their communities, society and government. / Data were collected from government sources and from fifty-six private institutions through various methods, including interviews, questionnaires and case studies. / Qualitative analysis of the data revealed different dimensions, perceptions, and patterns of autonomy in these institutions. / The study found that institutional autonomy has generally promoted efficiency and flexibility in the operation of these institutions and allowed adaptability and responsiveness to changing social and economic conditions which in turn, have enabled private higher education to contribute significantly to the on-going transformation of Chinese society. However, such autonomy is subject to both external internal constraints and problems, including some restrictive government policies, the lack of financial resources and inexperience in private school operation.

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