Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

This study was designed to explore possible demographic and personality correlates of pregnancy-resolution alternatives. A total of 146 female college students were given the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Intrinsic Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, a demographic questionnaire, and a Pregnancy-Resolution Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of the chi-square statistic and discriminant analysis.

Diante da importância que a gravidez não planejada vem adquirindo no cenário mundial, apesar da melhoria nas tecnologias contraceptivas e ampliação do acesso aos serviços de saúde e métodos contraceptivos, faz-se necessário mensurar com maior precisão este fenômeno. Por esta razão, pesquisadores da área de saúde sexual e reprodutiva têm procurado desenvolver medidas que possam oferecer estimativas confiáveis de mulheres que vivenciam a gravidez não planejada. A maior parte dos instrumentos utilizados para mensurar a gravidez não planejada são unidimensionais e não levam em consideração a parceria, a intencionalidade ou o uso de métodos anticonceptivos de forma simultânea, aspecto não observado no London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), desenvolvido no Reino Unido. Nesse contexto, este estudo transversal tem como objetivo traduzir e adaptar o instrumento LMUP para a língua portuguesa e validar suas propriedades, visando à sua utilização como instrumento de mensuração de gravidez não planejada no Brasil. A adaptação cultural e validação do LMUP foram realizadas conforme o método preconizado pela literatura. O cenário de estudo foram unidades da rede de Atenção Básica do município de Marília-SP. A população de estudo foi composta por 126 mulheres com idade 18 e 42 anos, usuárias dessas unidades, que procuraram a Unidade para confirmação do diagnóstico da gravidez por meio de um teste imunológico para gravidez cujo resultado foi positivo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que em relação às propriedades psicométricas, o instrumento apresenta um valor de apha de Cronbach de 0,75 para a escala total. A análise fatorial exploratória dos componentes principais do instrumento LMUP na versão Português aqui apresentada resultou em um único fator, que explicou 66,5% da variância total dos dados. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento foram demonstradas e, portanto ele pode ser utilizado para mensurar a gravidez não planejada na população brasileira. / Facing the impact that unplanned pregnancy is acquiring world wide, despite the improvement in contraceptive technologies and increasing access to health services and contraceptive methods, it is necessary to measure this phenomenon more accurately. For this reason, researchers in the sexual and reproductive health field have sought to develop measures that can provide reliable estimates of women experiencing unplanned pregnancies. Most instruments used to measure the unplanned pregnancy are unidimensional and do not take into account the partnership, the intent or the use of contraceptive methods simultaneously, a not observed aspect at London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), developed in the United Kingdom. Thus, this cross-sectional study is aimed to translate and adapt the instrument LMUP to Portuguese and validate its properties, aiming at its use as an instrument for measuring unintended pregnancy in Brazil. Cultural adaptation and validation of LMUP were done according to the method recommended by the literature. The scenery for the study was units of the network of Primary Care in Marília-SP. The studied population consisted of 126 women aged between 18 and 42 years, users of these units, who sought for this Unit to confirm the diagnosis of pregnancy by means of an immunological test for pregnancy and the result was positive. The results showed that in relation to psychometric properties, the instrument has a Cronbach\'s alpha value of 0.75 for the total scale. The factor analysis of the main components of the LMUP to the Portuguese version presented here has resulted in one factor, which explained 66.5% of the total variance of the data. The instrument\'s psychometric properties were demonstrated, and, therefore, it can be used to measure the unplanned pregnancy of the Brazilian population.

Background: The unplanned entrance of the COVID-19 pandemic caused an imbalance in organizational stability, directly leading to the introduction of widespread hybrid workplaces. This caused new challenges for employee efficiency, engagement, and well-being due to the lack of adequate strategy and resources. As the distinction between home and office blurred, motivation became difficult to maintain using traditional approaches, and organizational focus on non-standard domains, such as personal life, health, and family, became essential. Purpose: The establishment of a theoretical framework that analyzes the motivation factors and their underlying pillars of tech employees during and after the unplanned transition to remote work.  Method: The study follows an epistemological interpretivist and ontological relativist grounding. By using semi-structured interviews following the Theoretical Sampling approach, qualitative data was created and a multiple case study was conducted. Conclusion: The research developed a framework including a trichotomy of motivation factors to extend employee motivation to a remote work environment. The study concluded that the quality of a work-life balance, the communication-chain, and employee health are the key drivers of tech employee motivation during and after the transition. The results highlight the need for these three factors in further hybrid work environments, as well as the importance of the employee’s choice of where to conduct their responsibilities on a daily basis.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of body mass index (BMI) was assessed on unplanned cesarean section (CS) rate and its indications among healthy, nulliparous women without other risk factors for CS. METHOD: A cross sectional study was performed on 1649 healthy, nulliparous women at term who were admitted in spontaneous labor and delivered at Boston Medical Center between Jan 1st 2008 and Dec 31st 2012. The demographics and outcomes were compared by using a logistic regression analyses. RESULT: There were no statistically significant differences in unplanned CS rates between the three BMI groups (19% in normal weight, 24% in overweight, and 21% in obese women, p=0.1). Compared with normal weight women the crude odds ratio for overweight women was 1.34 (95%CI 1.03-1.76) and for obese women 1.04 (95%CI 0.84-1.54). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for maternal age, birth weight, race and augmentation of labor. The adjusted ORs were 1.073 (95%CI 0.781-1.473) for obese and 1.291 (95%CI 0.978-1.705) for overweight women. Obese women had a higher rate of CS for non-reassuring fetal status (56%, p= 0.01) compared to overweight (46.5%) and normal weight women (37%). CONCLUSION: high maternal BMI per se does not appear to be an independent risk factor for unplanned CS in healthy nulliparous women presenting at term with a singleton pregnancy in spontaneous labor.

This master thesis is intended as a contribution to the understanding of the influence urban form has on urban life and by extension social structures in society, by focusing on gender relations and their reflections on the use of public space. In addition, the aim of the study is to do so in relation to a comparison between two different types of urban environments; one slum area that can be regarded as formally unplanned with an irregular gradually grown street network and one slum area of more deliberately planned character with a more regular street grid. With the use of quantitative methods, such as space syntax, structured observations and correlations studies, differences in co-presence between women and men, in the form of staying in public space, and between the areas are discovered. With the addition of qualitative methods, such as interviews and unstructured observations, as well as a review of the context in which the study is set and a theoretical discourse the reasons behind the differences is discussed. It is suggested that the blurred distinctions between private and public space often found in slum areas and the division of responsibilities and activities between women and men in the given context results in a certain degree of gender segregation in public space. Women are often restricted to the space in proximity of their homes, why it becomes an extension of their homes as well as a space for interaction which creates semi-public spaces. As men more often socialise further away from home in spaces of more public function, this creates a certain degree of segregation between women and men in public space. The most significant physical difference between the study areas proved to be the hierarchal properties of the street network. The clearer hierarchy in the unplanned area implicates that the spaces where women stays generally is of a lower degree of public function. The regular street grid of the planned area resulted in a more even distribution of public function, why men more often also stays in the semi-public spaces in residential alleys. In this way the built environment in the unplanned area reflects and reproduces gender relations in the use of public space. An implication is that since the correspondence between social structures in society and the use of public space is something that can assumed be effected by design, the urban designer has continuously in the context of development of slum areas in the developing world, and in general, an important role to play.

Aspects of ADHD, such as inattention, may be predictive of unplanned pregnancy. An unplanned pregnancy can have negative effects on both maternal and child health. Women surprised by pregnancy may not be physically, emotionally, or financially capable of caring for a child and may postpone or neglect prenatal care.In 2006, approximately 49% of pregnancies were unplanned in the United States. Furthermore, in Tennessee, the percentage was even higher with 56% of pregnancies being unintended. Maternal Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) has been linked to decreased female contraceptive use and to increased risky sexual behavior. Failure to use contraception significantly increases the risk of unplanned pregnancy. This study examined inattention (a characteristic known to be elevated in individuals diagnosed with ADHD) and risk factors (i.e., marital status, education, depression) associated with unplanned pregnancy in Appalachian women. Information was collected from pregnant women recruited from Southern Appalachia as part of the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers Program. As part of the larger study, women completed detailed research interviews upon entry into prenatal care. A total of 457 pregnant women had responses on the measures of interest in the current investigation. Logistic regression was performed to assess the ability of Inattention (determined by the Current Symptoms Scale) to predict the probability of a woman experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. The full logistic regression model containing all predictors was statistically significant Χ2 (7, N=457) = 92.35, p <.001 indicating that the predictors as a set reliably distinguished between those women who did, and did not, have an unplanned pregnancy. Inattention had an Adjusted Odds Ratio of 1.76, CI (1.09, 2.86) p =.02 indicating that controlling for the other variables in the model, those women who scored high on the Inattention measure were significantly more likely to experience an unplanned pregnancy. This model correctly classified 76.8% of participants. Additionally, consistent with previous research findings, women who were unmarried and had lower levels of education were also significantly more likely to have an unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, women who reported higher levels of depressive symptoms were significantly more likely toexperience an unplanned pregnancy. Ages and at-risk alcohol use (TACE) were also examined in this study but did not significantly contribute to the model. These results confirm that known risk factors were also found in this population. This study found that inattention predicted unplanned pregnancy. Because inattention is one aspect of ADHD, this could suggest that women diagnosed with ADHD would be more likely than others to experience an unplanned pregnancy. Identifying risk factors can assist health practitioners to target women who are at risk for unplanned pregnancy for purposeful discussion on contraceptive options.

Bakgrund: 46-77% av alla patienter drabbas av en mild hypotermi någon gång i det perioperativa förloppet. En av punkterna på WHOs checklista för säker kirurgi är hypotermi och huruvida patienten lider risk att drabbas av hypotermi och vilka åtgärder som ska tas för att förhindra det. Det finns flertalet komplikationer patienten kan drabbas av vid intraoperativ hypotermi och operationssjuksköterskan arbetar för att förhindra det. Motiv: Det finns mycket forskning om vad som händer med patienten vid oplanerad intraoperativ hypotermi och hur det bör förebyggas. Men det finns inte lika mycket forskning om operationssjuksköterskors erfarenhet i området. Motivet var därför att medvetande göra hur operationssjuksköterskan arbetar med intraoperativ hypotermi. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av oplanerad intraoperativ hypotermi hos vuxna patienter, konsekvenser av det samt sätt att förebygga detta.  Metod: Studien var en empirisk kvalitativ studie där åtta specialistsjuksköterskor inom operationssjukvård från en operationsavdelning i södra Sverige blev intervjuade. Innehållsanalysen till studien var inspirerad av Graneheim och Lundmans innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet i studien baseras på tre kategorier med åtta underkategorier. Kategorierna presenteras som Samarbete mellan yrkeskategorier nödvändigt, Konsekvenser av hypotermi, Hypotermi och omvårdnadsåtgärder Konklusion: Operationsteamets erfarenheter och de utsatta normerna på avdelningen styr det förebyggande arbetet mot intraoperativ hypotermi. Mycket av ansvaret verkar ligga på anestesisjuksköterskorna. Samarbete mellan dem olika personalkategorierna i teamet är viktigt. Operationssjuksköterskor upplever oro och stress för att inte tillräckligt förebygga hypotermi och orsaka patienten onödigt lidande. / Background: 46-77% of all patients experience a mild hypothermia at some point in the perioperative course. One of the items on the WHO's checklist for safe surgery is hypothermia and whether the patient is at risk of developing hypothermia and what measures should be taken to prevent it. There are several complications the patient may experience with intraoperative hypothermia and the theater nurse works to prevent it. Motive: There is a lot of research on what happens to the patient in unplanned intraoperative hypothermia and how it could be prevented. But there is not as much research on the surgical nurse's experience in the area. The motive was therefore to disclose how the surgical nurse works with intraoperative hypothermia. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe theater nurse’s experience of unplanned intraoperative hypothermia in adult patients, consequences of it and ways to prevent it Methods: The study was an empirical qualitative interview study in which eight theater nurses from a surgical department in southern Sweden. The analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman Result: The results of the study are based on three categories with eight subcategories. The categories are presented as Teamwork necessary, Consequences of hypothermia, Hypothermia and Nursing measures    Conclusion: Surgical team’s experience and the norms in the department guide the preventive work against intraoperative hypothermia. Much of the responsibility seems to lie on the anesthesia nurses. Teamwork between the different team professions is important. Theater nurses experience some anxiety and stress that their preventive measures are not sufficient and contributes to unnecessary patient suffering.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24986号 / 地環博第247号 / 新制||地環||49(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 越後 信哉, 准教授 田中 周平, 教授 藤原 拓, 准教授 原田 英典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Chronic kidney disease is an urgent public health problem in the U.S., affecting 15% of all adults, and more than 740,000 have progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring life-sustaining renal replacement therapy (RRT). ESRD has devastating health, quality-of-life, and economic consequences, rendering most patients unable to maintain employment and costing Medicare $36 billion in 2017. Arguably, the most disadvantaged subgroup is the subset of patients that received no or minimal pre-ESRD nephrology care, which currently accounts for one third of the total ESRD population. This subgroup suffers increased morbidity and mortality, and has limited access to kidney transplantation, the optimal RRT. Despite this subgroup representing a large minority of the ESRD patient population, there has been no U.S.-based examination of their ESRD diagnosis experiences, coping styles and strategies, and RRT decision-making preferences. Therefore, we conducted a study that compared the ESRD diagnosis experiences, coping styles and strategies, and RRT decision-making preferences among patients with varying amounts of pre-ESRD nephrology care. We also assessed nephrologists’ current practices and perspectives on the manner and timing of RRT education for patients with varying amounts of pre-ESRD care. This mixed methods study provides a comprehensive understanding of the diagnosis experiences, coping styles and strategies, and RRT decision-making preferences of patients facing sudden and unexpected ESRD diagnosis. The study contributes important knowledge about this subgroup of patients that can influence and improve health care delivery. The results of this research will inform future intervention-based investigations to improve care for patients with minimal or no pre-ESRD nephrology care. / Public Health