Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa_Fachin.pdf: 7147263 bytes, checksum: c3f02dba66f39392f3087baf7f763360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis presents the paleovalley head evolution in the Chopinzinho drainage basin inside Araucária Plateau (Planation Surface 2), aiming to understand the landscape evolution in the South Brazil during the Upper Quaternary. The stratigraphic record was characterized using the combined criteria of pedo-, litho-, allo-, and cronostratigraphic, for which chronology was establish by 14C (AMS) and thermoluminescence. As base these criteria was utilized following technical: field survey, laboratory analyses (textural, ten major oxides more zirconium oxide, clay mineralogy, and dating) and office work (cluster statistical analysis and organization of date). It has been done the reconstitution spatial distribution of the paleosol and paleogullies by drilling. The field survey showed stratigraphic section in the cutting rural road. Therein was identified paleosol with Ab horizon (27.36 + 0.14 Kyr BP 44.13 Kyr cal. BP), paleogullies field of colluvium (15 beds), colluvium-alluvial (4 beds) and alluvial (1 bed). The colluvium beds was divided into clogging faces and ramp faces. The paleogullies were generated in Last Glacial Maximum (< 24 Kyr to > 17 Kyr BP.) and in Medium Holocene (< 7 Kyr to > 4 Kyr BP). This last moment were generated two paleogullies generations promoting the larger erosion phenomenon in the paleovalley head. The paleovalley head happens to be clogging in the Upper Holocene (< 4 Kyr BP) and change of the morphology becoming colluvium ramp. The palleovalley head was eroded by spot drainage and becoming one convex mound in the end of period. This moment there was one inversion of the relief. / Esta dissertação apresenta a evolução de uma paleocabeceira de drenagem no Planalto das Araucárias (Superfície 2),buscando contribuir para o entendimento do Quaternário Tardio do Sul do Brasil. O registro estratigráfico foi caracterizado utilizando-se dos critérios conjugados da pedo-, lito-, alo- e cronoestratigrafia, cuja cronologia foi estabelecida pelo 14C (AMS) e termoluminescência (TL). Com base nesses critérios foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: levantamento de campo, análises laboratoriais (granulométrica, análise química dos 10 principais óxidos + Zircônio,mineralogia da fração argila e ainda datações por 14C e luminescência) e trabalho de gabinete (análise estatística por similaridade Cluster e organização dos dados). Foi feita a reconstituição da distribuição espacial do paleossolo e das paleovoçorocas por meio de sondagens. O levantamento de campo revelou seção estratigráfica exposta em corte de estrada. Nela identificou-se: paleossolo com horizonte A húmico (27.360 + 140 anos AP. 44.130 cal. AP.), paleovoçorocas colmatadas por colúvios (15 camadas), colúvio-alúvio (4 camadas) e alúvios (1 camada). As camadas colúviais foram subdivididas em fácies de colmatação e fácies de rampa.As paleovoçorocas foram geradas no Último Máximo Glacial (< 24.000 a> 17.000 anos AP) e no Holocêno Médio (< 7.000 anos a > 4.000 anos AP). Neste último período foram geradas duas gerações de paleovoçorocas, promovendo o maior fenômeno erosivo na cabeceira de drenagem. A paleocabeceira de drenagem passa a ser colmatada no Holoceno Superior (< 4.000 anos AP) e muda de morfologia para rampa de colúvio. No final desse período, a rampa de colúvio é dissecada pela drenagem local e torna-se uma colina convexa. Nessafasehouveumainversão de relevo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa_Fachin.pdf: 7147263 bytes, checksum: c3f02dba66f39392f3087baf7f763360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis presents the paleovalley head evolution in the Chopinzinho drainage basin inside Araucária Plateau (Planation Surface 2), aiming to understand the landscape evolution in the South Brazil during the Upper Quaternary. The stratigraphic record was characterized using the combined criteria of pedo-, litho-, allo-, and cronostratigraphic, for which chronology was establish by 14C (AMS) and thermoluminescence. As base these criteria was utilized following technical: field survey, laboratory analyses (textural, ten major oxides more zirconium oxide, clay mineralogy, and dating) and office work (cluster statistical analysis and organization of date). It has been done the reconstitution spatial distribution of the paleosol and paleogullies by drilling. The field survey showed stratigraphic section in the cutting rural road. Therein was identified paleosol with Ab horizon (27.36 + 0.14 Kyr BP 44.13 Kyr cal. BP), paleogullies field of colluvium (15 beds), colluvium-alluvial (4 beds) and alluvial (1 bed). The colluvium beds was divided into clogging faces and ramp faces. The paleogullies were generated in Last Glacial Maximum (< 24 Kyr to > 17 Kyr BP.) and in Medium Holocene (< 7 Kyr to > 4 Kyr BP). This last moment were generated two paleogullies generations promoting the larger erosion phenomenon in the paleovalley head. The paleovalley head happens to be clogging in the Upper Holocene (< 4 Kyr BP) and change of the morphology becoming colluvium ramp. The palleovalley head was eroded by spot drainage and becoming one convex mound in the end of period. This moment there was one inversion of the relief. / Esta dissertação apresenta a evolução de uma paleocabeceira de drenagem no Planalto das Araucárias (Superfície 2),buscando contribuir para o entendimento do Quaternário Tardio do Sul do Brasil. O registro estratigráfico foi caracterizado utilizando-se dos critérios conjugados da pedo-, lito-, alo- e cronoestratigrafia, cuja cronologia foi estabelecida pelo 14C (AMS) e termoluminescência (TL). Com base nesses critérios foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: levantamento de campo, análises laboratoriais (granulométrica, análise química dos 10 principais óxidos + Zircônio,mineralogia da fração argila e ainda datações por 14C e luminescência) e trabalho de gabinete (análise estatística por similaridade Cluster e organização dos dados). Foi feita a reconstituição da distribuição espacial do paleossolo e das paleovoçorocas por meio de sondagens. O levantamento de campo revelou seção estratigráfica exposta em corte de estrada. Nela identificou-se: paleossolo com horizonte A húmico (27.360 + 140 anos AP. 44.130 cal. AP.), paleovoçorocas colmatadas por colúvios (15 camadas), colúvio-alúvio (4 camadas) e alúvios (1 camada). As camadas colúviais foram subdivididas em fácies de colmatação e fácies de rampa.As paleovoçorocas foram geradas no Último Máximo Glacial (< 24.000 a> 17.000 anos AP) e no Holocêno Médio (< 7.000 anos a > 4.000 anos AP). Neste último período foram geradas duas gerações de paleovoçorocas, promovendo o maior fenômeno erosivo na cabeceira de drenagem. A paleocabeceira de drenagem passa a ser colmatada no Holoceno Superior (< 4.000 anos AP) e muda de morfologia para rampa de colúvio. No final desse período, a rampa de colúvio é dissecada pela drenagem local e torna-se uma colina convexa. Nessafasehouveumainversão de relevo.

Plant macrofossils from packrat middens in two southeastern Utah caves outline development of modern plant zonation from the late Wisconsin. Allen Canyon Cave (2195 m) and Fishmouth Cave (1585 m) are located along a continuous gradient of outcropping Navajo Sandstone that extends from the Abajo Mountains south to the San Juan River. By holding the site constant, changes in the floral composition for a plot of less than one hectare can be observed, even if sporadically, over tens of millennia. At Allen Canyon Cave, engelmann spruce-alpine fir forest was replaced by the present vegetation consisting of pinyon-juniper woodland on exposed ridgetops and cliffside stands of Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and aspen. Xerophytic woodland plants such as pinyon, Plains prickly pear, and narrowleaf yucca arrived sometime in the middle Holocene between 7200 and 3400 B.P. At Fishmouth Cave, Utah juniper in Holocene middens replaced blue spruce, limber pine, Douglas fir, and dwarf and Rocky Mountain junipers in late Wisconsin samples. Disharmonious associations for the late Wisconsin occur only at the lower site with the xerophytes Mormon tea, Plains prickly pear, and narrowleaf yucca growing alongside subalpine conifers. One possible explanation involves the late Wisconsin absence of ponderosa and pinyon pines from the Colorado Plateaus. Released from competition at their lower limits, subalpine conifers were able to expand into lower elevations and mix with xerophytic plants found today in understories of pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine woodlands. Quantitative climatic estimates are derived for the late Wisconsin by applying vertical lapse rates for temperature and precipitation to the amount of vegetation depression. The Fishmouth Cave sequence indicates a minimum lowering of 850 m for blue spruce, limber pine, and dwarf juniper. A depression of at least 700 m for engelmann spruce and alpine fir is suggested for the Allen Canyon locality. Use of conservatively low lapse rates for stations below 2080 m yields a 3-4°C cooling from present mean annual temperature and 35 to 60 percent more rainfall than today. Steeper lapse rates associated with more mountainous terrain suggest a 5°C lowering in temperature and up to 120 percent increase over modern precipitation.