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Over the past several decades, the Washington metropolitan area (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV) has experienced extraordinary levels of growth, facilitating the region's emergence as not only a center of national governance but increasingly a nationally and internationally significant location for population and economic development. Leesburg, Virginia, located approximately forty miles northwest of the downtown core, has historically avoided the sprawling suburbanization characteristic of more proximate locations such as Fairfax and Arlington, instead serving as a distinct economic center for Loudoun County. However, as the Town of Leesburg has grown in both population and landmass over the past approximately fifty years, it has also become increasingly incorporated into an outward-pushing Northern Virginia region, dramatically reducing the once-evident buffer physically and psychologically separating those two entities. The increasing interconnection between Leesburg and the Washington metro region raises questions about the futures of both, with impacts for ongoing conversations regarding urban and regional-scale growth dynamics, governance, and place-making, as well as their intersections with local economic development. This thesis seeks to understand the methods by which Leesburg navigates the challenge to retain a unique and distinctive character while acknowledging the new spatial reality of its connections to the larger region. To better understand this complex situation, we conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen individuals having strong understanding and expertise regarding economic development, governance, and place making in Leesburg and the rest of the Northern Virginia region. The interviews suggest that Leesburg is becoming a destination for outside visitors and tourists, while also crafting a 'complete community' in which residents can live, work, and enjoy recreational activities; Leesburg increasingly serves a number of distinct purposes for growing and varying audiences. While interesting in itself for observers of the Washington metro region, the Leesburg case also presents relevant implications for the future of large-scale urban and regional growth and change, as well as the continued validity of heritage-based place images given contemporary economic and development imperatives. / Master of Science / The Washington, DC region (Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV) has seen both population growth and physical expansion over the past several decades, making it an increasingly important region within the United States and the world. The Town of Leesburg, Virginia is located about forty miles northwest of Washington, DC, and its distance from the downtown has historically allowed it to remain separate from the suburbanization and sprawl associated with DC's closer-in suburbs. During the past fifty years, however, Leesburg's growth and the outward push of development pressures from more eastern Northern Virginia localities have combined to limit that historical separation. Increasing interconnections between Leesburg and the rest of the DC metro region raise questions about if and how Leesburg will create, sustain, and demonstrate a unique identity moving forward, and what that identity will include. This research involved fourteen interviews with planners, policymakers, and expert observers in Leesburg and the Northern Virginia region to better understand the town's place image and economic development. The results suggest that Leesburg is increasingly becoming a destination for tourists and outside visitors, while also working to foster a community in which residents are able to live, work, and play. The Leesburg case is important because of what it says about region-wide growth, development, and governance, as well as its implications for the maintenance of historically-based place images in the modern world.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19286号 / 工博第4083号 / 新制||工||1630(附属図書館) / 32288 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Since the mid-20th century demographic and economic changes have left older post-industrial American cities located amidst fragmented metropolitan areas and has resulted in the loss of political power accompanied by loss of economic wealth. This has left urban centers in the Northeast and Midwest United States in various states of decline. Located within the sixth largest metropolitan area in the country, the City of Camden, New Jersey is one of America's most distressed cities. During the longest period of decline and de-industrialization in the 1960s and 1970s, Camden lost nearly half of its industrial job base, more than other de-industrializing American cities and over one-third of its population. Currently, Camden's circumstances related to concentrated poverty, unemployment, failing schools and a crumbling infrastructure typify the worst consequences of urban decline. The Municipal Rehabilitation and Economic Recovery Act ("Camden Recovery Act") passed in 2002 was state-level legislation designed to intervene in Camden's municipal operations and re-structure economic development in the city in a way not seen since the Great Depression. Through the Camden Recovery Act, New Jersey's state government pumped tens of millions of dollars in additional spending into Camden for the purpose of re-positioning the city in the region through large-scale comprehensive redevelopment plans. In the process they took over virtually the entire decision-making apparatus and excluded Camden's municipal government from all but basic day-to-day governing decisions. Largely, the approach was in response to the various agendas and interests that influenced the Recovery Act: state legislators with regional agendas, county public officials seeking to bring more public investment to the city, and institutions in Camden working to revitalize the city. The politics of economic recovery in Camden lends to the discussion around the political future of older postindustrial cities in several ways. Primarily it illustrates political solutions to urban decline found at the state level with the support of a regional political coalition of urban and suburban lawmakers. Indeed, as the national economy in the United States has worsened in recent years, the fiscal health of cities has brought a renewed focus on the relationship between state and local governments. The case of Camden makes several points of comparison with state takeovers in similarly sized and situated cities. Critics of state takeovers point out that they are unconstitutional and call into question the imposition of state-appointed managers to take over control from democratically elected public officials, while proponents say it is the only way to get local government's fiscal house in order. However similar, Camden's takeover was more comprehensive than recent municipal bankruptcies and its redevelopment plans underscore the challenges faced in urban revitalization between the goals of efficiency and the values of democratic accountability. / Political Science

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18256号 / 工博第3848号 / 新制||工||1590(附属図書館) / 31114 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 谷口 栄一, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

La thèse s’intéresse aux enjeux de maîtrise de la croissance urbaine au travers du modèle de Ville Compacte et de sa caractéristique spatiale clé : la densité. Ce travail de doctorat s’inscrit dans une démarche théorique, méthodologique et empirique. Premièrement, la thèse replace la densité dans les modèles de microéconomie urbaine relatifs aux choix de localisation des agents. Nous identifions ainsi les différents déterminants de la localisation résidentielle (centre d’emploi, aménités, service résidentiel) et analysons l’organisation spatiale – dense ou dispersée – qui en découle. De plus, la thèse ne considère pas uniquement une densité mais des densités urbaines telles des densités de contenu (population, emploi) et de contenant (bâti). Elle met ainsi en évidence divers enjeux méthodologiques associés au traitement et à l’analyse des densités urbaines et propose une mesure plus juste de l’intensité de l’occupation de l’espace, le ratio de densité net. Pour illustrer ces résultats, deux études empiriques portant sur le Grand Dijon sont réalisées. La première consiste en une typologie des quartiers dijonnais qui met en relation les déterminants théoriques de choix de localisation et les types et niveaux de densités urbaines. La seconde étude empirique s’intéresse aux conditions d’acceptabilité des densités urbaines par les individus. Elle consiste en une évaluation hédonique appliquée au prix du logement qui appréhende la valorisation de la densité perçue (bâti) et de la densité en tant que vecteur d’interactions sociales. La thèse apporte des éclairages sur les conditions de réalisation et d’acceptation des politiques d’aménagement actuelles visant la Ville Compacte. / The thesis is focused on urban growth control challenge through the Compact City model and its key spatial characteristic: the density. This work deals both with a theoretical, methodological and empirical approach. First, we place ourselves in the theoretical framework of Urban Economic addressing agents’ location choices. We mobilize these theories to identify the key determinants of residential location (employment center, spatial amenities, housing’s service) and analyze the spatial organization that follows (dense or spread). This literature leads us to consider different types of density: structural density, population density and social density. This thesis highlights various methodological challenges associated with the treatment and analysis of urban densities and proposes a more accurate measure of the intensity of space occupancy, the net density ratio. To illustrate this results, we realize two empirical studies on the agglomeration of Grand Dijon. The first is a typology on Dijon urban area neighborhoods that links density levels to theoretical determinants of residential location. The second empirical study implements the method of hedonic prices applied to housing. Relying on the methods and tools of spatial econometrics, we estimate the valuation of the density on the Grand Dijon and identify the conditions for its acceptance by individuals. This thesis sheds light on the conditions of realization and acceptance of current planning policies aiming at achieving Compact City.