一般聚集經濟可區分為內部規模經濟及外部經濟，而外部經濟又可區分為 地方化經濟與都市化經濟兩種。由於製造業廠商或產業具有聚集經濟效果 ，因此產生了區位比較利益，影響廠商或產業之設置區位選擇，因為聚集 經濟效果若以都市化經濟為主，則表示都市規模愈大，對產業的生產愈具 效率，產業內各廠商依附都市發展的程度亦愈高，政府如欲以產業分散發 展政策達到區域均衡發展之目的，較不容易成功。反之，產業的聚集經濟 效果若以地方化經濟為主時，區域均衡發展透過產業分散發展政策之擬訂 較易達成 。本研究運用生產函數的理論與模型，利用工商普查資料，針 對臺灣地區中分類製造業進行實證分析，結果發現臺灣地區製造業的聚集 經濟型態乃是以地方化經濟為主。 因此，以區域經濟均衡發展的觀點 而言，臺灣地區在擬訂公共投資政策與工業區發展（製造業產業區位）政 策時，應可考慮以製造業產業分散化政策為重要手段。 In general, agglomeration economies has been devided into interior scale economy and exterior economy, whereas the latter can further be catoglorized into two kinds, namely localization economy and urbanization economy. The agglomeration economies effect of manufacturing industries or industries which creates comparative location advantages, will influence the choice of location for establishment of manufacturers' plants on the grounds that if the agglomeration economies effect is dominated by urbanization economics, the larger the city scale; the more effective the industry production, and the higher the adherence the urban development. If the government's industry decentralization development policy intends to achieve the purposes of reginal balance development, that will not succeed easily. On the contrary, if the agglomeration economies effect is dominated by localization economy, it will be easier to reach regional balance development through regulating industry decentralization development policy. The present analysis incorporates the theory and model of production function and makes use of data of Industrial and Commerce Censuses of Taiwan- Fukien District of The Republic of China to proceed the empirical analysis of manufacturing industries (classified at the two digit SIC level) which results in the agglomeration economies model of the manufacturing industries of Taiwan is indeed dominated by localization economics. Therefore, from the viewpoint of balancing regional economy development, the Taiwan Government shall consider the industry decentralization policy as a vital measure to implement the public investment and Industrial District policy.