This thesis examines Scottish community land ownership through the lenses of power and community. It asks what impact Community Land Initiatives (CLIs) have on power relations, particularly at local level; and, if and how their conception as “community” initiatives affects that. These questions are addressed through in-depth qualitative case studies of two emerging CLIs on the Isle of Skye, in the context of the wider community land movement. The thesis finds that one of the CLIs studied have contributed some measure of additive empowerment to local residents. These are increasing in significance and social reach as the scale of asset ownership and associated development projects expands. The other is at an earlier stage in terms of land ownership, but has some collective power through a focus on the cultural and convivial aspects of community that has considerable local resonance. It is also clear that, where CLIs acquire land and assets, they shift visible power from landowners to community groups. They also are beginning to shift cultural perceptions of who and what land is for. However, despite some efforts by activists to address them, power relations at local level shape participation in CLI decision-making spaces. These are closely connected to experiences and ideas of community at local level. More broadly, the thesis shows how CLIs owe their power both to organising at local level, and to a network of relationships with actors elsewhere, including funding and support agencies. Maintaining and balancing all these relationships can be challenging. As an in-depth but narrowly focussed case study, this thesis aims at exploring these issues, rather than producing definitive judgements about the entire community land movement. The final chapter therefore situates the thesis in the context of other studies of this movement, and within the wider literature on power and development. It concludes with suggestions for further research and testing of the ideas it has developed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2102725 bytes, checksum: 67f3ec2d27712776370cc7173b0d305d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Despite the important role played by women in management and use of natural resources, their activities have seldom been valued and, consequently, few policy interventions have been developed to support their productive potential. Therefore, this study addressed to investigate the ownership and usage of faunistic resources by women of Mamanguape River estuary in order to record their role in the local productive fishering. To gathering data, we used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Among the qualitative methods include: free and semi-structured interviews, snowball, and direct observation. Data were analyzed by the interpretation of the interviewees discourse based on the union of the several individual competences model. Quantitative data were analyzed using simple statistics and the calculation of Use value (UV) and the corrected percentage of Agreement related to the Main Uses (cAMU) for the mentioned species. We interviewed 30 women, aged between 16 and 55. Concerning the use of resources, a total of 41 species (fish = 30, crustaceans = 08, mollusks = 03) are used mainly for local consumption and trade. The main species cited were the catfish - Genidens genidens (UV = 0, 7), chickenshit crab - Callinectes exasperatus (UV = 0.73) and shellfish - Anomalocardia brasiliana (UV = 0.46), also being the referred species with larger cAMU (100%, 70.3% and 92.8% respectively) for local consumption. About the gender and work matter most of the interviewees recognized themselves as fishers/gatherers (56.25%), holding an extensive experience in their activities, which is passed by them in a transgenerational manner. The interviewees pointed out the existence of a work division between men and women (75%), mainly related to fishing areas and working tools. The workday is intense and continuous (05 hours a day and 06 days per week). In addition to the fish gathering and harvest, these women are present at all stages of productive fishering, and also responsible for sale and improvement of the product, additionally, dividing their time between household, children's education and domestic duties. Over the fishing these women are responsible for supporting their family, acting as the main breadwinners. In general the studied families have low income and precarious health conditions, education and sanitation. Thus, an analysis focused on gender relations in fishering communities and the management of natural resource is imperative in order to guide future studies stressing the formulation of public policies and management plans that promote equitable participation of women as well as the properly appreciation of their work as a fisherwoman, and the conservation of the environment. / Apesar do importante papel desenvolvido pelas mulheres no manejo e no uso dos recursos naturais, suas atividades raramente têm sido valorizadas e, conseqüentemente, poucas políticas de intervenção têm sido desenvolvidas para apoiar seu potencial produtivo. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo tem por objetivo estudar a apropriação e o uso dos recursos faunísticos pelas mulheres do estuário do rio Mamanguape, de modo a registrar o papel delas na cadeia produtiva pesqueira local. Para obtenção dos dados, utilizou-se uma combinação de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Dentre os métodos qualitativos, destacam-se: entrevistas livres, semi-estruturadas, bola de neve ( snow Ball ) e observação direta; os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da interpretação do discurso dos entrevistados, com base no modelo de união das diversas competências individuais. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de estatística simples e do cálculo do Valor de Uso (VU) e pela Concordância do Uso Principal corrigido (CUPc) para as espécies citadas. Foram entrevistadas 30 mulheres, com idades entre 16 e 55 anos. No tocante ao uso dos recursos, um total de 41 espécies (peixes = 30; crustáceos = 08; moluscos = 03) são utilizados principalmente para consumo local e comercialização; as principais espécies citadas foram o bagre cambueiro Genidens genidens (VU=0,7), siri cagão Callinectes exasperatus (VU=0,73) e o marisco Anomalocardia brasiliana (VU=0,46), sendo também as espécies referidas com maior CUPc (100%, 70,3% e 92,8% respectivamente) para consumo local. A respeito dos aspectos de gênero e trabalho a maioria das entrevistadas se reconhece como pescadoras/pescadeiras (56,25%), possuindo uma ampla experiência na atividade, cuja aprendizagem é dada transgeracionalmente. As entrevistadas apontaram a existência de uma divisão de trabalho entre homens e mulheres (75%), relacionados principalmente aos locais de pesca e instrumentos de trabalho. A jornada diária de trabalho é intensa e contínua (05 horas por dia e 06 dias por semana); além da coleta do pescado e da agricultura, essas mulheres estão presentes em todas as etapas cadeia produtiva do pescado, sendo responsáveis também pelo beneficiamento e venda do produto; adicionalmente, dividem seu tempo entre os cuidados com a família, a educação dos filhos e as taferas domésticas. Por meio da pesca essas mulheres são responsáveis pelo sustento da família, atuando como as principais provedoras do lar. De um modo geral as famílias estudadas apresentam baixa renda e as condições de saúde, educação e saneamento básico são precárias. Assim, uma análise voltada para as relações de gênero nas comunidades pesqueiras e para o manejo dos recursos naturais é imprescindível de modo a guiar estudos posteriores que visem à formulação de políticas publicas e planos de manejo que promovam a eqüidade da participação feminina e a valorização de seu trabalho como pescadora, bem como a conservação do meio ambiente.

This study aimed at assessing access and use of PERii electronic journal resources by postgraduate students in the School of Education at the University of Dar es Salaam. Specific objectives for this study were to examine if the postgraduate students in the School of Eduction are aware of PERii electronic journal resources; to examine if the postgraduate students access PERii electronic journal resources; to examine if the postgraduate students use PERii electronic journal resources; to examine the challenges encountered by postgraduate students in the access and use of PERii electronic journal resources; and to determine possible ways to improve access and use of PERii electronic journal resources. The study was basically a cross-sectional study and data were collected through a combination of questionnaire for postgraduate students and interview for the Reference Librarians. The findings of this study were that the majority of postgraduate are aware of PERii electronic journal resources through various sources including the Library website, notice board, fliers, posters, IL training, colleagues, librarians and supervisors. Again, the majority of them use PERii electronic journal resources for various purposes including working on the assignments, research proposal writing, literature review, research report writing, current awareness, leisure, and for extra exploration of ongoing scientific debates through peer reviewed papers. The challenges encountered include power outage, inadequate bandwidth, slow download speed, inability to access the resources from home, lack of training, lack of awareness, limited access to computers and difficult in making a search. Suggested ways to improve access and use of PERii electronic journal resources include seeking to provide training on how to access and use of PERii electronic journal resources; ensure stable and reliable power, ensure adequate bandwidth; increase awareness of the resources, improve ICT infrastructure, enable access of the resources from home; increase download speed and ensure relevant information is provided. Based on these findings it was recommended that training on access and use of PERii electronic journal resources should be integrated into the University curriculum; ICT infrastructure to support access and use of PERii electronic journal resources should be improved; ensuring stable and reliable power by buying heavy duty generators at the University; increasing awareness by improving methods for promotion and marketing of the resources; enabling access of PERii electronic journal resources from home; ensuring adequate bandwidth through shaping the available bandwidth allowing certain services such as ICT services to receive a large proportion of bandwidth than other services; and ensuring relevant information is provided through subscribing more database with relevant information to all courses at the University. / Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Information Science / MIT / Unrestricted

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / Existing literature offers various definitions of sustainable development, yet very few efforts have thus far been made to move specific communities to such a state of development. Popularised by the Brundland report, the concept of sustainable development is understood to be that which "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs". However, the abstract concept of sustainable development raises various of questions concerning, for example, intergenerational implications of patterns of resources use and equitable resource allocations as highlighted in this study. This research indicates that the principles of sustainable development posed a veritable challenge to development projects. Hence, the confusion surrounding the concept, often leads to disagreement and misunderstanding in the demarcation of specific projects.

Diss. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wyoming, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 4, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95).

Orientador: Cláudio Antonio Di Mauro / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a forma como é realizada a fiscalização dos usos dos recursos hídricos no estado de São Paulo. Especificamente, busca demonstrar quais são os procedimentos adotados para a fiscalização e quais órgãos e estruturas estão envolvidos nesse processo. Outrossim, almeja apontar presumíveis dificuldades que limitam as ações fiscalizadoras e possíveis variações dessas ações em diferentes Diretorias de Bacias Hidrográficas, em função de suas peculiaridades regionais. Parte da hipótese de que a fiscalização dos usos de recursos hídricos não produz o resultado esperado, conforme preceitua a legislação vigente. Justifica-se pelo fato de que a fiscalização é um instrumento fundamental para a implantação das Políticas Nacional e Estadual de Recursos hídricos. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi adotada como área de estudo a Diretoria de Bacia do Peixe Paranapanema, componente do Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica (DAEE), porém, para otimizar o alcance dos objetivos foi estendida às Diretorias de Bacias do Médio Tietê e do Ribeira de Iguape e Litoral Sul. Os recursos metodológicos utilizados foram as pesquisas exploratória e qualitativa, associadas as pesquisas documental e bibliográficas, além de entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados apontam que não existem padrões estabelecidos para as ações fiscalizadoras dos usos de recursos hídricos, que existem dificuldades limitadoras e variação das ações nas Diretorias de Bacias; sugerindo ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work is to understand the way how it is done the fiscalization of the uses of water resources in the state of São Paulo. Specifically, it seeks to demonstrate the procedures adopted for inspection and which bodies and structures are involved in this process. Moreover, it aims to point out presumed difficulties that limit inspection actions and possible variations of these actions in different Watershed Directories, due to their regional peculiarities. It starts from the hypothesis that the supervision of the use of water resources does not produce the expected result, according to the current legislation. It is justified by the fact that supervision is a fundamental instrument for the implementation of National and State Water Resources Policies. To carry out this research, the Peixe Paranapanema Basin Directorate, a component of the Department of Water and Electric Energy (DAEE), was adopted as a study area. However, to optimize the achievement of the objectives, it was extended to the Basin Directorates Médio Tietê and the Basin Directorates of the Ribeira de Iguape e Litoral Sul. The methodological resources used were exploratory and qualitative research, associated with documentary and bibliographic research, as well as semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that there are no established standards for actions to supervise the use of water resources, that there are limiting difficulties and variation of actions in the Basin Directorates; sug... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este trabalho procura discutir as contribuições de uma comunidade de prática (CoP) na formação continuada de professores de Ciências, para abordar o tema da natureza da ciência (NdC) com a utilização de recursos fílmicos de veiculação comercial. Para isso, foram elaborados dois cursos na modalidade extensão universitária, oferecidos pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo e que ocorreram nos dois semestres de 2012, quinzenalmente aos sábados. Os professores participaram nos cursos de forma voluntária. Também há de se destacar que inicialmente não havíamos previsto aplicar dois cursos, no entanto, a pedido dos professores, conforme está documentado nos dados, foi solicitada a criação do segundo curso, aspecto importante e que inclusive reforça o papel das comunidades de prática em processos de formação de professores. Além disso, apontamos que a formação continuada no caso dos professores em serviço poderia inserir tais temas e, portanto, contribuir na compreensão dos professores acerca deste tema. A fonte principal dos dados são as transcrições das aulas e as análises das sequências didáticas produzidas pelos professores. A orientação metodológica, assim como a análise de dados, foi norteada pelos pressupostos da investigação qualitativa em educação. Destacamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados os seguintes instrumentos: notas de campo, questionário, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, registro audiovisual de todos os encontros, sequências didáticas elaboradas pelos professores e informações contidas em mensagens eletrônicas (e-mails). A análise de dados está distribuída em dois momentos, de modo que o momento I caracteriza-se no primeiro curso e com preocupação principal em investigar as concepções dos professores, assim como identificar possíveis mudanças, enquanto que no momento II, especificamente com dados do segundo curso, ocorre o aprofundamento em analisar as interações que se estabeleceram na CoP, para isso são elaborados categorias e subcategorias de análises. Os resultados demonstram que ainda existem problemas nas concepções dos professores, porém, à medida que os mesmos foram imersos em situações típicas de CoP e com a mediação da utilização dos recursos fílmicos, foi possível identificar mudanças, ainda que sutis nas concepções de NdC. Porém, o mais importante é notado nas interações entre os professores, ou seja, o engajamento mútuo e o compartilhamento de ideias e práticas para tentar introduzir tanto o tema quanto os recursos fílmicos com os alunos dos próprios professores pesquisados. Ao nosso entender, isto pode ser explicado porque os mecanismos de autonomia e protagonismo da ação do professor foram contemplados em virtude da participação em CoP, que valoriza e estimula o compartilhamento entre indivíduos que se identificam em práticas e ideias. / This paper discusses the contributions of a community of practice (CoP) in the continuing education of science teachers, in order to address the issue of the nature of science (NoS) with the use of film resources of commercial broadcasting. For this purpose, two courses were developed in cooperation with the University of São Paulo and offered by the Faculty of Education. The courses were offered for two semesters of 2012, periodically on Saturdays and teachers voluntarily participated in the courses. Initially it had not been intended to apply two courses; however, at the request of teachers, as documented in the data, it was necessary to create the second course. Moreover, we point out that the continued training for teachers in service could insert such issues and thus contribute to the understanding of teachers about this topic. The main source of data is the transcripts of speeches and analysis of didactic sequences produced by teachers. The methodological guidance, as well as data analysis, was guided by the assumptions of qualitative research in education. We highlight as tools of data collection the following instruments: field notes, questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio-visual record of all meetings, didactic sequences prepared by teachers and information contained in electronic messages (e-mails). The analysis of data was performed in two occasions. The moment I is characterized in the first course and focused in investigating the conceptions of teachers as well as identify possible changes. Moment II, specifically about data from the second course, brings deepening analysis of the interactions that are established in the CoP. Categories and subcategories for this analysis are drawn. The results show that there are still problems in the conceptions of teachers; however, as they were immersed in typical situations of CoP and with the mediation of the use of film resources, it was possible to identify changes, even subtle conceptions of the NoS. The most important is noticed in the interactions between teachers and the mutual engagement and sharing of ideas and practices to try to introduce both subject filmic resources with students\' own teachers surveyed. This can be explained because the mechanisms of action of autonomy and leadership teacher were contemplated by participating in CoP that values and encourages sharing among individuals who identify in practices and ideas.

Este trabalho procura discutir as contribuições de uma comunidade de prática (CoP) na formação continuada de professores de Ciências, para abordar o tema da natureza da ciência (NdC) com a utilização de recursos fílmicos de veiculação comercial. Para isso, foram elaborados dois cursos na modalidade extensão universitária, oferecidos pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo e que ocorreram nos dois semestres de 2012, quinzenalmente aos sábados. Os professores participaram nos cursos de forma voluntária. Também há de se destacar que inicialmente não havíamos previsto aplicar dois cursos, no entanto, a pedido dos professores, conforme está documentado nos dados, foi solicitada a criação do segundo curso, aspecto importante e que inclusive reforça o papel das comunidades de prática em processos de formação de professores. Além disso, apontamos que a formação continuada no caso dos professores em serviço poderia inserir tais temas e, portanto, contribuir na compreensão dos professores acerca deste tema. A fonte principal dos dados são as transcrições das aulas e as análises das sequências didáticas produzidas pelos professores. A orientação metodológica, assim como a análise de dados, foi norteada pelos pressupostos da investigação qualitativa em educação. Destacamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados os seguintes instrumentos: notas de campo, questionário, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, registro audiovisual de todos os encontros, sequências didáticas elaboradas pelos professores e informações contidas em mensagens eletrônicas (e-mails). A análise de dados está distribuída em dois momentos, de modo que o momento I caracteriza-se no primeiro curso e com preocupação principal em investigar as concepções dos professores, assim como identificar possíveis mudanças, enquanto que no momento II, especificamente com dados do segundo curso, ocorre o aprofundamento em analisar as interações que se estabeleceram na CoP, para isso são elaborados categorias e subcategorias de análises. Os resultados demonstram que ainda existem problemas nas concepções dos professores, porém, à medida que os mesmos foram imersos em situações típicas de CoP e com a mediação da utilização dos recursos fílmicos, foi possível identificar mudanças, ainda que sutis nas concepções de NdC. Porém, o mais importante é notado nas interações entre os professores, ou seja, o engajamento mútuo e o compartilhamento de ideias e práticas para tentar introduzir tanto o tema quanto os recursos fílmicos com os alunos dos próprios professores pesquisados. Ao nosso entender, isto pode ser explicado porque os mecanismos de autonomia e protagonismo da ação do professor foram contemplados em virtude da participação em CoP, que valoriza e estimula o compartilhamento entre indivíduos que se identificam em práticas e ideias. / This paper discusses the contributions of a community of practice (CoP) in the continuing education of science teachers, in order to address the issue of the nature of science (NoS) with the use of film resources of commercial broadcasting. For this purpose, two courses were developed in cooperation with the University of São Paulo and offered by the Faculty of Education. The courses were offered for two semesters of 2012, periodically on Saturdays and teachers voluntarily participated in the courses. Initially it had not been intended to apply two courses; however, at the request of teachers, as documented in the data, it was necessary to create the second course. Moreover, we point out that the continued training for teachers in service could insert such issues and thus contribute to the understanding of teachers about this topic. The main source of data is the transcripts of speeches and analysis of didactic sequences produced by teachers. The methodological guidance, as well as data analysis, was guided by the assumptions of qualitative research in education. We highlight as tools of data collection the following instruments: field notes, questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio-visual record of all meetings, didactic sequences prepared by teachers and information contained in electronic messages (e-mails). The analysis of data was performed in two occasions. The moment I is characterized in the first course and focused in investigating the conceptions of teachers as well as identify possible changes. Moment II, specifically about data from the second course, brings deepening analysis of the interactions that are established in the CoP. Categories and subcategories for this analysis are drawn. The results show that there are still problems in the conceptions of teachers; however, as they were immersed in typical situations of CoP and with the mediation of the use of film resources, it was possible to identify changes, even subtle conceptions of the NoS. The most important is noticed in the interactions between teachers and the mutual engagement and sharing of ideas and practices to try to introduce both subject filmic resources with students\' own teachers surveyed. This can be explained because the mechanisms of action of autonomy and leadership teacher were contemplated by participating in CoP that values and encourages sharing among individuals who identify in practices and ideas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-357).