Yes / This study examines the relationships between performance appraisal (PA) purposes and immediate and ultimate outcomes. Drawing upon expectancy theory and Greenberg's taxonomy, we explore the roles of multiple mediators as sets of person- and organization-referenced ratee reactions and reveal the multiple why-related aspects of the relationships between PA purposes and PA effectiveness. Our research is based on a questionnaire survey of 563 employees from the telecommunications sector of Pakistan. The results of structural equation modeling analysis suggest that individual-focused PA better serves the employee perspective, whereas position- and organization-focused PA better serves the organizational perspective. These findings indicate that inclusion of role definition and strategic purposes in the PA system is likely to render PA more effective and practical. The findings also corroborate that ratee reactions mediate the relationship between PA purposes and PA effectiveness, albeit to varying degrees. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications.

Objectives were to determine dry matter, fiber and nitrogen fractions, and in vitro and in situ degradability of forages and by-product feeds, and to compare in vitro methods of estimating rumen degradability with the in situ bag technique. Feeds analyzed with number of samples in parentheses included alfalfa as baled hay (23), alfalfa ensiled in conventional (43), and. oxygen limiting silos (39), ammonia· treated (25), and untreated corn silage from conventional (17) and bunker silos (17), rye (25), sorghum (7), wheat (6), barley (5), and orchardgrass (4) silages, orchardgrass (19) and fescue hay (3), and dried distillers grains dark colored (2) and light (1), wet brewers grains (1), and whole cottonseeds (3). Samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, buffer-soluble protein, protease insoluble nitrogen, neutral and acid detergent fiber and insoluble nitrogen, and in situ degradability of nitrogen, dry matter, and fiber. Protease insoluble nitrogen, buffer-insoluble protein, and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen were lowest for alfalfa from conventional upright silos. Oxygen limiting silo samples had greater dry matter, insoluble protein, and bound nitrogen compared to conventional upright silo samples. Oxygen limiting silos had 35.9% of samples with bound nitrogen greater than 15% of total nitrogen compared to 14% of conventional upright silo samples. Baled hay and oxygen limiting silo samples had similar protease insoluble nitrogen, however, ensiled samples had greater bound nitrogen. In situ nitrogen degradability was greatest for ensiled forages compared to hays. Ensiled forages had the greatest A fraction (rapidly solubilized), alfalfa hay the greatest B fraction (slowly degraded), and orchardgrass hay the greatest C fraction (not degraded). Degradation of dry matter and fiber followed similar patterns for each forage and by-product. Significant results were found by comparing in vitro and in situ techniques for estimating degradability. Due to differences between hay and silage, use of one technique can not be recommended at this time to predict degradability. For silage, the best measure related to in situ degradability was buffer-soluble protein; for hay, the best measure was neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A flock of 500 Hybro broiler breeders were employed to study the effect of different levels of protein and energy on production and body composition. The daily lysine intake of the birds were 900, 1050, 1200 and 1350 mg respectively, each fed in diets with a daily energy intake of 1800 and 2000 kJ ME to provide a 4 x 2 factorial design. Lysine was used as the reference amino acid in the experiment and all other amino acids were kept in a constant ratio in every experimental diet. The total production was divided into 3 periods of 13 weeks each (week 23 - 35; week 36 - 48 and week 49 - 61) to determine the effect of the treatments over time. Production was evaluated by hen day production; egg weight (g/egg); egg mass (g/day); fertility; hatchability; chicks/hen/week; feed conversion and day old chick weight. Hen day production was significantly (P < 0,05) lower at the high energy intake for period week 49 to 61. Energy and protein levels significantly increased egg weight. Effect of protein was consistent during all three periods of production. Egg mass output had a significant (P < 0,05) response to increasing levels of protein for the total period of production. The birds on the high energy diet produced a significant higher egg mass per hen during the first period of production (week 23 - 35). Hatchability was reduced (P < 0,05) by the higher energy intake for the total period of production and this effect was very significant (P < 0,01) during the final period of production. Similar to hen day production, the higher energy had a significant (P < 0,05) negative effect on the amount of chicks produced. The well-known correlation between egg weight and chick weight was confirmed with the regression equation: Chick weight = 10,5 + 1,22 x Egg weight. Both energy and protein had a significant (P < 0,01) positive effect on chick weight. The feed conversion was lower at increasing levels of amino acid intake (P < 0,01). Higher energy intake significantly (P < 0,05) increased hen weight and protein had a very significant effect during the first period of production (P < 0,01). The isotope dilution technique (tritiated water) was used to estimate the body composition of the breeders. This was done at 5 different periods (week 27, 35, 43, 52 and 61) of the production period to establish changes in requirements over time. Significant correlation were found between carcass moisture and waterspace (R2 = 0,76); fat % and carcass moisture (R2 = 0,78); protein % and waterspace (R2 = 0,35) and fat % and waterspace (R2 = 0,46). The regression equations obtained from these correlation were employed to determine excess energy and lysine consumed at different ages. Energy requirements were calculated according to the effective energy (EE) system and the conventional ME system. According to effective energy the lower energy intake was not sufficient and the maximum requirement was calculated to be 1942 kj EE/day. The metabolizable energy calculations indicated sufficient intakes at every treatment with the maximum requirement 1746 kj ME/day. The lysine requirement was found to be in excess of 1050 mg lysine per day. The recommendation for daily lysine intake is 1200 mg/day and the energy intake of breeders should be 1900 to 2000 kj ME/day from week 23 to 35 and can be reduced to 1800 kj ME/day in the final period of production. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om die effek van verskillende vlakke energie en proteïen op produksie en liggaamsamestelling te ondersoek is 'n trop van 500 Hybro braaikuiken teelouers gebruik. Die daaglikse lisien inname van die henne was onderskeidelik 900, 1050, 1200 en 1350 mg, wat elk by 'n daaglikse energie inname van 1800 en 2000 kJ ME verskaf is, in 'n 4 x 2 faktoriale ontwerp. Alle aminosure is in 'n konstante verhouding met die verwysings aminosuur lisien in die rantsoen ingesluit. Om te evalueer of daar veranderinge oor 'n tydperk plaasvind weens die verskillende behandelings is die produksie periode in drie periodes van 13 weke elk verdeel (week 23 - 35; week 36 - 48 en week 49 - 61). Die produksie standaarde wat gemeet is, is hen dag produksie, eiergewig (g/eier), eiermassa (g/dag), vrugbaarheid, uitbroeibaarheid, kuikens/hen/week, voeromset en dagoud kuikenmassa. Hen dag produksie was betekenisvol (P < 0,05) laer by die hoër energie innames in die laaste periode van 49 tot 61 weke. Energie en proteïen het eiergewig betekenisvol (P < 0,01) verhoog. Die effek van hoër vlakke proteïen was konstant in alle produksie periodes. Die daaglikse eiermassa (g/dag) het ook saam met stygende vlakke proteïen verhoog en hierdie effek was vir die totale periode van produksie. Energie het die eiermassa in die eerste periode van produksie (week 23 - 35) verhoog. Uitbroeibaarheid is verlaag (P < 0,05) vir die totale periode van produksie deur die hoër energie inname en die effek was selfs groter (P < 0,01) in die finale periode van produksie. In ooreenstemming met die hen dag produksie is die aantal kuikens geproduseer negatief beïnvloed deur die hoër energie inname (P < 0,05). Die korrelasie wat bestaan tussen eiermassa en kuikenmassa is bevestig deur die regressie: Kuikenmassa = 10,5 + 1,22 x Eiermassa. Energie en proteïen het kuikenmassa betekenisvol (P < 0,01) verhoog. Voeromset was laer by stygende vlakke van proteïen inname (P < 0,01). Die hoër energie inname het henmassa ook betekenisvol (P < 0,05) verhoog en proteïen het dieselfde effek slegs in die eerste periode van produksie gehad (P < 0,01). Die liggaamsamestelling van teelhenne is bepaal met behulp van die isotoop verdunnings tegniek (tritium water). Dit is bepaal op 5 verskillende stadiums in die produksie periode (week 27, 35, 43, 52 en 61) om die moontlike verandering in behoeftes oor tyd vas te stel. Betekenisvolle korrelasies is gevind tussen karkasvog en die waterspasie (RZ= 0,76); vet % en karkasvog (R2 = 0,78); proteïen % en waterspasie (R2 = 0,35) en vet % en waterspasie (R2 = 0,46). Die regressie vergelykings van hierdie korrelasies is gebruik om die hoevelheid surplus energie en lisien ingeneem te bepaal. Die" effective energy" sisteem en die konvensionele ME sisteem is gebruik in die bepaling van energie behoeftes. Volgens die " effective energy" was die energie inname nie voldoende by die laer energie innames nie en die maksimum behoefte is bereken as 1942 kJ EE/dag. Die maksimum energie behoefte volgens metaboliseerbare energie is bereken as 1746 kj ME/dag. Die lisien behoefte moet hoër as 1050 mg/dag wees. Die aanbeveling van die daaglikse lisien inname is 1200 mg/dag en die energie inname moet 1900 tot 2000 kj/dag wees tot 35 weke produksie en kan daarna verlaag word na 1800 kJ ME/dag.

Studies were conducted to: (1) examine an in situ technique with sorghum grain substrates using monofilament nylon bags, (2) evaluate in vitro various reconstituted sorghum grain treatments, (3) determine digestibility and nitrogen balance of steers fed reconstituted sorghum grain and (4) evaluate sorghum grain processing methods on performance of finishing steers. Dry matter efflux, DME (water bath) and in situ dry matter disappearance, ISDMD (ventral sac of rumen) from nylon bags were higher (P < .05) as bag porosity (5 to 80 um) and incubation time (4 to 24 h) increased, and as substrate weight: bag surface area ratio (7 to 56 mg/cm²) decreased. High linear correlations were obtained between DME and ISDMD, and also between nitrogen efflux and in situ nitrogen disapperance. No permanent influx of ruminal dry matter into nylon bags were detected. In vitro dry matter digestibility (mixed rumen inoculum) of reconstituted whole sorghum grain was influenced (P<.001) by grain moisture level (18 to 31%), constant or variable temperature during storage (-18 to 41 C) and length of storage time (3 to 28 d). All interactions of these three factors were significant (P<.05 or higher). Short term flushing with O₂, CO₂ and N₂ did not affect (P>.10) the digestibility of reconstituted whole sorghum grain. With reconstituted whole sorghum grain, grain pH could be used as a satisfactory measure of quality control. Apparent digestion coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, protein and energy were similar (P>.05) for steers fed 90% concentrate diets containing reconstituted whole or flaked sorghum grain. Nitrogen retention as a percent of nitrogen intake was 35% higher (P<.05) for steers fed reconstituted than flaked sorghum grain diets. In two finishing trials with steers, feed intake and feed conversion were higher (P<.05) for dry rolled than for flaked or reconstituted sorghum grain.

Graduation date: 1993

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between having military discipline, the military rank, the branch of service, the number of years served, reserve status and if these factors would affect a veterans' compliancy in taking daily medication.

No description available.

There is extensive research over the decades around health care services utilization trends, however, limited data and research exists around student utilization of campus health centers. Furthermore, there is very minimal data on student utilization trends of campus health services since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since a crucial component to fostering healthy and safe college campuses is through campus health services, it clearly indicates a need for further research on the trends and perceptions of students’ campus health services utilization. This study examines utilization rates of students through exploring key demographic characteristics of students, including their perceptions toward utilization of campus health services, for their physical well-being and medical care. This dissertation is a secondary data analysis of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. This study’s specific aims were to examine if key characteristics exist of students utilizing campus health centers, and if those trends still exist or had shifted after the Covid-19 pandemic. The data was used to evaluate if there are significant relationships between student demographics and their respective perceptions of campus health services. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of undergraduate students, data analysis found various statistical significance based on the various steps in the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. The results confirmed there are barriers to college student utilization of health services, specifically for certain race/ethnicity, international students, having an active health insurance policy, and how they perceive health being a priority on campus. Given the vital role that student health services have on college campuses, efforts to increase campus health service utilization should be considered through targeted programming and more inclusive staffing and service offerings.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hidrolaparoscopia transvaginal (HLT) é uma técnica de exploração das estruturas tubo-ovarianas em pacientes inférteis sem alteração pélvica determinada. O procedimento consiste no acesso via vaginal da cavidade pélvica com trocarte e introdução de óptica que é acoplada ao sistema de videodocumentação. O exame é realizado em ambulatório com anestesia local. A visibilização é conseguida graças a hidroflotação das estruturas pélvicas provocada pela instilação de soro fisiológico ou solução de lactatoringer. Trata-se de uma das técnicas vídeo-endoscópicas ginecológica mais recentes descrita na literatura, ainda em fase de estudos. Este método permite o diagnóstico de afecções da pelve posterior como, endometriose, cistos ovarianos, aderências, hidrossalpinge, miomas e estudo da tuba distal em pacientes laqueadas. O estudo desenvolvido tem por objetivo avaliar a técnica operatória em si, assim como os achados através deste método e a segurança e eficácia de um novo um novo instrumental, mais particularmente uma agulha de Veress modificada, desenvolvida especificamente para este procedimento. Este instrumental difere de outros utilizados e descritos na literatura por apresentar um dispositivo de segurança em sua base que tem por finalidade fixar a parte interna da ponta da agulha, oferecendo maior segurança ao adentrar-se às cegas na cavidade pélvica através do fórnice vaginal posterior. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Para realização do estudo selecionou-se 38 pacientes laqueadas que apresentavam desejo de gravidez. Foram excluídas pacientes que apresentassem outra afecção pélvica e aquelas cujos parceiros apresentavam espermograma alterado com indicação de fertilização in vitro. O procedimento foi realizado com a paciente em posição ginecológica. Após a anti-sepsia da vulva e vagina procedeu-se à infiltração de 2 ml de lidocaína com vasoconstritor em porção mediana do fórnice vaginal posterior aproximadamente 1,5 cm abaixo da inserção da parede vaginal na cérvice uterina. Depois disto puncionava-se através do local previamente anestesiado com a agulha, objeto deste estudo, já envolta por uma cânula similar a um trocarte, até transpassar-se a parede vaginal e obter-se acesso à cavidade pélvica. Introduzia-se 100 ml de soro fisiológico ou solução de lactato-ringer com lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor diluída em uma proporção de 1/100. Após remover a agulha introduzia-se através da cânula uma óptica de 2,9 mm com ângulo de 30º acoplada a um sistema de vídeodocumentação; confirmava-se o acesso ao interior da cavidade e prosseguia-se a instilação de líquido e inspeção da mesma. RESULTADOS: 1) Obteve-se acesso à cavidade pélvica em 36 (94,7%) das pacientes. 2) A quantidade de líquido utilizada variou de 300 a 1500 ml. 3) O escore médio de dor foi de 2,3 na escala visual analógica de dor. O escore médio nas pacientes nas quais se utilizou quantidades 600ml foi de 2,7 e 1,7 respectivamente. 4) Os achados mais comuns durante o procedimento foram de aderências pélvicas velamentosas, além de hidrossalpinge e salpingectomia distal em alguns casos. 5) Não houve qualquer complicação nos 38 casos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: 1) O novo instrumental de hidrolaparoscopia transvaginal (agulhas de Veress modificada) é eficaz em acessar a cavidade pélvica, é seguro e de fácil manuseio. 2) A hidrolaparoscopia transvaginal é um método realizável em âmbito ambulatorial, reprodutível, bem tolerado, de baixo custo e com boa capacidade diagnóstica / INTRODUCTION: Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL) is a technique for pelvic exploration in patients without pelvic pathology. The procedure consists of accessing the pelvic cavity with a trocar and introduction of an optic coupled to a videodocumentation system. The exam is performed in outpatient under local anesthesia. Visualization is achieved through hydroflotation of the pelvis\'s structures, following instillation of saline or Ringer\'s lactate solution. It is one of the most recently described gynecological videoendoscopic techniques in the literature and still in trial phase. This method enables the diagnosis of alterations in the posterior pelvis, such as endometriosis; ovarian cysts; adhesions; hydrosalpinx; myomas; and evaluation of the distal tube in patient with tubal ligation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the technique itself, as well as the findings using this method and the efficiency of the new instrument, in particular the modified Veress needle that has been developed specifically for this procedure. This instrument differs from others described in the literature because it has a safety device in its base designed to fix the inner part of needle\'s tip, thereby offering greater safety during blind insertion into the pelvic cavity through the posterior fornix. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 38 patients with tubal ligation were selected that had expressed the desire to become pregnant. Patients with other pelvic alteration and whose partner presented abnormal semen analisys with indication for in vitro fertilization were excluded. The procedure was performed in gynecologic position. After antisepsis of the vulva and vagina, 2 ml of lidocaine with adrenaline was perfomed of posterior fornix at midline, approximately 1.5 cm below the insertion of the vaginal wall in the uterine cervix. After this, the Veress needle previously covered with a cannula that is similar a trocar, was inserted through the anesthetized area until it reached the pelvic cavity. A hundred milliliter of saline or Ringer\'s lactate solution with 2% lidocaine, without adrenaline and diluted to 1:100 was introduced. After removal of the Veress needle, a rigid 2,9 mm endoscope with a 30º optical angle coupled to a videodocumentation system was inserted trough the cannula to confirm the access into pelvic cavity. The liquid has continued instilled and the inspection was undertaken. RESULTS: 1) the pelvic cavity was accessed in 36 (94.7%) patients; 2) the distention media volume used was 300 to 1500 ml; 3) the mean score for pain using the visual analog pain scale was 2.3. This score for the patients that received 600 ml was 2.7 and 1.7, respectively; 4) the most common findings during the procedure were filamentous pelvic adhesions, besides hydrosalpinx and distal salpingectomy in some cases 5) there were no complications in any of the 38 cases studied. CONCLUSIONS: 1)The new transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy instrument (modified Veress needle) is effective to access the pelvic cavity, safe and easy handle; 2) transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy is feasibility in outpatient basis and is reproducible, well tolerated, inexpensive and offers a good diagnostic capacity