Med den rådande befolkningsökningen tyder prognosen över bostadsförsörjningen att de behövs byggas fler bostäder för att uppfylla bostadsbehovet. Byggnadsbranschen står idag för cirka 20 % utav det totala koldioxidutsläppen i Sverige. Av detta skäl finns det ett behov att utveckla mer miljövänligare och hållbara tekniker för att uppfylla de ställda kraven gällande hållbart byggande. Trä och konstruerade träprodukter anses vara ett miljövänligt material och bör användas som stommaterial i byggnader i större utsträckning än det görs idag.    Detta arbete innefattar att jämföra de strukturella prestanda hos limträbalkar och armerade betongbalkar i flervåningsbyggnad. Som startpunkt modelleras en befintlig byggnad utifrån de dokument som tillhandhålls av ritningar och andra anvisningar för den avsedda referensbyggnaden. Bärverksanalysen utfördes i FEM-design till syfte att kontrollera limträbalkar beteende i nedböjning, spänning, tvärsnittsmått och bärighet. Arbetet genomfördes i två steg, referens byggnadens betongkonstruktion modelleras noggrant i första steget. I det andra steget ersätts armerade betongbalkar av limträbalkar i syfte att jämföra deras strukturella prestanda.     Det erhållna visar att limträets lätta vikt medför en minskning på ca 24 % på byggnadens totalvikt. Styvhetsegenskaper är limträbalkar största nackdel jämfört med armerad betongbalk, eftersom ett utbytte av balkarna med liknande dimension i 8 m spännvidd gav upphov till ca 65 % ökning på deformationer. Vid användning av limträbalkar ska spännvidden på 8 m halveras, samt större limträtvärsnitt och pelare placeras ut för att uppfylla det ställda kraven gällande bruks-och brottgränstillståndet. / With the prevailing population increase, the forecast of housing supply indicates that more housing needs to be built to meet the housing need. The construction industry today accounts for about 20% of the total carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden. For this reason, there is a need to develop more environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies to meet the set requirements regarding sustainable construction. Wood and constructed wood products are considered an environmentally friendly material and should be used as frame materials for buildings to a greater extent than is done today.   This work includes comparing the structural performance of glulam beams and reinforced concrete beams in multi-story building. As a starting point, an existing building is modeled on the basis of the documents provided by drawings and other instructions for the intended reference building. The structural analysis was performed in FEM design for the purpose of checking the behavior of glulam beams in deflection, stress, cross-sectional dimensions and load-bearing capacity. The work was carried out in two stages, the reference building's reinforced concrete structure is carefully modeled in the first stage. In the second stage, reinforced concrete beams are replaced by glulam beams in order to compare their structural performance.   The results show that the light weight of glulam leads to a reduction of about 24% in the total weight of the building. Rigidity properties are the biggest disadvantages of glulam beams compared to reinforced concrete beams, since a replacement of the beams with a similar dimension in 8 m span gave rise to about 65% increase in deformations. When using glulam beams, the span of 8 m must be halved, and larger glulam cross-sections and columns must be placed to meet the set requirements regarding serviceability and ultimate limit states.

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the formulary status of cephalosporins among a representative sample of hospitals in the United States. In addition, the research design attempts to determine the ranking of cephalsoporins in terms of acceptance to the hospitals' formulary and actual stocking of the cephaosoporin products. The study will attempt to ascertain the reasons for these rankings and the influence of DRG implementation, teaching status and hospital bed size on number of cephalosporins on formulary and in stock. This may yield insight into the strategies that hospitals are currently using to contain a significant proportion of their budget for pharmaceutical products

Elderly people, or those over 65 years of age, are known to comprise 10% of the United States population today and are projected to reach nearly 12% by the year 2000. Further, 5% of this population is reported to be institutionalized resulting in approximately 1.1 million chronic care patients or 0.5% of the population. The use of drugs in this population comprises approximately 25% of the prescription drug market in the United States which is directly related to the greater occurrence of pathological problems associated with the aging process. While it is evident that the beneficial outcome of drug therapies is partially related to the increased longevity observed in these elderly people, this population is also well-known to be the most prone to adverse drug reactions. Factors complicating drug use in the elderly include high usage, chronic therapy, long-term hospitalization, inappropriate and multiple prescribing of drugs, inadequate monitoring of adverse drug effects, susceptibility to physical deterioration and senility. Therefore, the objective of this project is to test the hypothesis that the quality and cost of drug therapy in SNF patients can be significantly improved by implementing measures to improve the utilization of drugs.

The thesis paies logistics and this firstly from aspects production of the process in theoretic introduction. In the next part of thesis interprets technology projection, capacity calculations and planning. The theory is ending characterization monitored company. The practical part work forms analysis input data prejudicing calculations capacity utilization company and characterization project calculation. The capacitive calculations utilization company for traced period are enclosed at the close this thesis.

La gouvernance du Bassin du Nil est un vrai défi, puisqu’il s’agit de concilier les intérêts de onze Etats riverains. Son caractère instable est dû à l’existence d’une pluralité de régimes juridiques sur les eaux du Nil. Le processus d’élaboration des accords sur les eaux du Nil, explique leur disparité. Les Etats riverains ont créé un cadre coopératif, appelé Initiative du Bassin du Nil, pour tenter de faire converger leurs intérêts et promouvoir le développement régional. Or, l’étude du droit positif sur les eaux du Nil, démontre une grande instabilité politique et juridique. C’est pourquoi, nous avons tenté de chercher un moyen pour dépasser ces divergences dans une perspective de gouvernance durable du Bassin du Nil. L’harmonisation des régimes juridiques sur les eaux du Nil pourrait être une solution viable. Celle-ci repose sur la qualification des eaux du Nil de Bien Public Régional qui nécessite la réadaptation du concept de souveraineté, ce qui a conduit à proposer l’instauration d’une « souveraineté commune sur l’eau ». / The governance of the Nile Basin is a challenge as it is to reconcile the interests of the eleven riparian States. Its instability is due to the existence of a plurality of legal regimes on the Nile. The development process of the agreements on the Nile, explains their differences. The riparian States have established a cooperative framework called the Nile Basin Initiative, to try to converge their interests and promote regional development. Nevertheless, the study of the positive law on the Nile, demonstrates a great legal and political instability. Therefore, we have tried to find out a way to overcome these differences in a sustainable governance of the Nile Basin. The harmonization of legal regimes on the Nile could be a viable solution. This is based on the qualification of the Nile waters of Regional Public Good, which requires the rehabilitation of the concept of sovereignty, which led to suggest the establishing of a "common sovereignty on the water."

A microscopic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Ascomycota: Pseudeurotiaceae) causes illness known as white-nose syndrome (WNS) causing death of bats during hibernation. The illness occurs in the North America and in Europe. The fungus is characteristic by asymmetrically curved conidia, by slow growth and growth at low temperatures (below 20 řC). The aim of this study is to clarify properties responsible for unique ecelogy of Pseudogymnoascus destructans by comparison with ecological related or unrelated pathogenic or nonpathogenic fungi. This part includes study of tolerance to physiological stresses and recognition of spectrum of utilizating nutrients (compounds of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and nutrient supplements). Testing to physiological stresses should help to estimate a potentiality of fungus to spread out of caves. The last aim is to develop a selective isolation medium for P. destructans. Influence of several types of physiological stress (e.g. UVA, UVA with UVB, 25 řC, 30 řC, 37 řC and dryness) was investigated with fluorescent stain propidium iodide (PI) by flow cytometry. The spores of Pseudogymnoascus destructans and three fungi from underground spaces were not viable after 3 weeks at 37 řC. Other stresses did not cause a decreasing of viability or some stresses caused...

Analysis of drug utilization of antibiotics for systematic administration in the Czech Republic in 2005-2019 Author: Lenka Suchopárová Tutor: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Petr Domecký Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles university Introduction and aims: Antibiotics (ATB) are substances with a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. Treatment with ATB carries a risk of side effects, drug interactions and risk of resistance occurence. The reason for monitoring the consumption of ATB is not only the apparent coherence between their consumption and the increase of resistance, but also the economic side of bacterial infections treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of ATB for systematic administration in the Czech Republic (CR) in 2005-2019. Methods: The analysis of the consumption of ATB was performed as a retrospective analysis of data from the database of the State Institute of Drug Control in the period from 1. 1. 2005 to 31. 12. 2019. Anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification based on defined daily doses (DDD) of individual drugs was used for the analysis. The consumption of ATB was calculated as DDD per thousand inhabitants per day (TID). The data on the number of residents was acquired from the...

Many individuals experience barriers to accessing medical care, especially in rural areas. Some barriers are attitudinal and represent perceptions of quality care. Patient satisfaction and perceived need for medical care are two such attitudinal barriers related to health care utilization, yet the relationship between these variables has not been explored. Using data from an online survey, the current study examined the association between these variables, and further, whether rurality status moderated this association. Results indicated a significant correlation between patient satisfaction and perception of need. Although the overall moderation model was significant, perception of need was not significantly associated with patient satisfaction, and rurality status did not significantly moderate the relationship. However, the covariates of sexual orientation and income did significantly predict patient satisfaction. This study highlights the complex associations of patient satisfaction, as well as the importance of social determinants of health in patients’ perceptions of quality of care.

The continued release of fossil-fuel derived carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions into our atmosphere led humanity into a climate and ecological crisis. Converting CO₂ into valuable chemicals and fuels will replace and diminish the need for fossil fuel-derived products. Through the use of a catalyst, CO₂ can be transformed into a commodity chemical by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, where CO₂ reacts with renewable hydrogen (H₂) to form carbon monoxide (CO). CO then acts as the source molecule in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis to form a range of hydrocarbons to manufacture chemicals and fuels. While the FT synthesis is a mature process, the conversion of CO₂ into CO has yet to be made commercially available due to the constraints associated with high reaction temperature and catalytic stability. Noble metal ruthenium (Ru) has been widely used for the RWGS reaction due to its high catalytic activity, however, several constraints hinder its practical use, associated with its high cost and its susceptibility to deactivation. The doping or bimetallic use of non-noble metals iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co) is an attractive option to lower material cost and tailor the selectivity of the CO₂ conversion towards the RWGS reaction without compromising catalytic activity. Furthermore, employing nanostructured catalysts as nanoparticles is a viable solution to further lower the amount of metal used and utilize the highly active surface area of the catalyst. Dispersing nanoparticles on ionically conductive supports/solid electrolytes which contain species like O²⁻, H⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺, provide an approach to further enhance the reaction. This phenomenon is referred to as metal-support interaction (MSI), allowing for the ions to back spillover from the support and onto the catalyst surface. An in-situ approach referred to as Non-Faradaic Modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA), also known as electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) is used to in-situ control the movement of ionic species from the solid electrolyte to and away from the catalyst. Both the MSI and EPOC phenomena have been shown to be functionally equivalent, meaning the ionic species act to alter the work function of the catalyst by forming an effective neutral double layer on the surface, which in turn alters the binding energy of the reactant and intermediate species to promote the reaction. The main objective of this work is to develop a catalyst that is highly active and selective to the RWGS reaction at low temperatures (< 400 °C) by employing the MSI and EPOC phenomena to enhance the catalytic conversion. The electrochemical enhancement effect will lower energy requirements and allow the RWGS reaction to take place at moderate temperatures. Catalysts composed of Ru, Fe and Co were synthesized through the polyol synthesis technique and deposited on mixed-ionically conductive and ionically conductive supports to evaluate their performance towards the RWGS reaction and the MSI effect. The nano-structured catalysts are deposited as free-standing nanoparticles on solid electrolytes to in-situ promote the catalytic rate through the EPOC phenomenon. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to correlate theory with experiment and elucidate the role polarization has on the binding energy of reactant and intermediate species. The high dispersion of RuFe nanoparticles on ion-containing supports like samarium-doped ceria (SDC) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) led to an increase in the RWGS activity due to the MSI effect. A direct correlation between experimental and DFT modeling was established signifying that polarization affected the binding energy of the CO molecule on the surface of Ru regardless of the type of ionic species in the solid electrolyte. The electrochemical enhancement towards the RWGS reaction has been achieved with iron-oxide (FeOₓ) nanowires on YSZ. The in-situ application of O²⁻ ions from YSZ maintained the most active state of Fe₃O₄ and FeO towards the RWGS reaction and allowed for persistent-promoted state that lasted long after potential application. Finally, the deposition of FeOₓ nanowires on Co₃O₄ resulted in the highest CO₂ conversion towards the RWGS reaction due to the metal-oxide interaction between both metals, signifying a self-sustained electro-promoted state.

The Hybrid approach of development has for a long time been the dominating way to develop cross-platform applications targeting both the web and mobile. In recent years, a new combination of technology has appeared called Progressive Web Application (PWA) which aims to combine Native capabilities with best practices of the web to deliver a new Native-like experience to users without the need of Native wrappers. So far PWAs have proven to be the inferior choice when it came to performance and platform support. The purpose of this study is to compare the two technologies based on a literature review and evaluate the current performance across three parameters in an experiment - battery consumption, CPU utilization and time to first activity. Two applications were developed using each respective technique, with the Apache Cordova framework being used for the Hybrid approach and the React framework being used to implement PWA features. The results showed that the Hybrid approach is better in the majority of tests, offering more in terms of platform API access and providing better performance while only being slower when it came to time it took to first activity; but something to consider is that the PWA approach was not far behind. The conclusion this study arrived at was that PWAs have developed significantly since previous studies and is almost able to match Hybrid apps in terms of APIs and performance, but that Hybrid apps are still the preferred choice when it comes to performance. Further development and a wider adaptation of the PWA specification could very well change the way developers choose to approach mobile app development in the future as well as a potential for bringing the web closer to the mobile platform.