Submitted by Livia Mello (liviacmello@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-28T18:01:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGCM.pdf: 2068084 bytes, checksum: 4d89da9569508f8b5d13a8b899ad055a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T19:00:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGCM.pdf: 2068084 bytes, checksum: 4d89da9569508f8b5d13a8b899ad055a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T19:00:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGCM.pdf: 2068084 bytes, checksum: 4d89da9569508f8b5d13a8b899ad055a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T19:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGCM.pdf: 2068084 bytes, checksum: 4d89da9569508f8b5d13a8b899ad055a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Não recebi financiamento / The quest for increased productivity has become a mantra repeated ad nauseam in many companies immersed in a globalized market. In this context, many computational techniques have becoming more popular, gaining followers, aiding and refining the process of decision-making. Among the various techniques available, the discrete event simulation stands out, as it allows studying the behavior of systems, real or not, in various conditions, allowing hypotheses to be tested without physical and financial resources are used. In the case of the animal feed industry, this technique becomes a very important tool, especially in the short term planning which involves the management of the floor operations. The animal feed industry is part of the agribusiness chain, and as such, has its inputs internationally listed, commodities, thus effectively managing its installed capacity is a strategic advantage for differentiation before the market needs in terms of cost, time and quality. In this sense, the objective of this study was to develop a discrete simulation model to assist the decision-making process on increasing the rate of bagging an animal feed industry, located in the state of São Paulo. For this study it has been used the Arena® software, Rockwell Software, and as a method of research modeling and simulation, and the simulation model development stages followed the methodology proposed by Law and Kelton (2000) and Banks (2010). Data were always collected with the same operator at the same time. As a result of simulation of the proposed model was possible to analyze different scenarios, assessing the dynamics of the system and with the performance indicators the equipment utilization rate, the amount of products produced and the consumption of electricity and natural gas per ton of product produced. Whereas the use of discrete simulation in animal feed industry belonging to the process industry and with hybrid production process, could be used due to the approach proposed by Spieckmann and Stobbe (2012). / A busca pelo aumento de produtividade tornou-se um mantra repetido à exaustão em muitas empresas imersas em um mercado globalizado. Neste contexto, muitas técnicas computacionais vêm ganhando espaço, conquistando adeptos, auxiliando e refinando o processo de tomada de decisão. Dentre as várias técnicas disponíveis, a simulação discreta se destaca, pois permite estudar o comportamento de sistemas, reais ou não, sob diversas condições, possibilitando que hipóteses sejam testadas sem que recursos físicos e financeiros sejam utilizados. No caso da indústria de nutrição animal, essa técnica se torna uma ferramenta muito relevante, principalmente no planejamento de curto prazo que envolve a gestão das operações do chão de fábrica. A indústria de nutrição animal está inserida na cadeia do agronegócio, e como tal, tem seus insumos cotados internacionalmente, commodities, assim uma gestão eficaz de sua capacidade instalada representa uma vantagem estratégica de diferenciação perante as necessidades do mercado em relação a custo, prazo e qualidade. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de simulação discreta para auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão sobre o aumento da taxa de ensaque de uma indústria de nutrição animal, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para a realização deste estudo foi utilizado o software Arena®, da Rockwell Softwares, e como método de pesquisa a modelagem e simulação, sendo que as etapas de desenvolvimento do modelo de simulação seguiram a metodologia proposta por Law e Kelton (2000) e Banks (2010). Os dados foram coletados sempre com os mesmos operadores no mesmo horário. Como resultado da simulação do modelo proposto foi possível analisar diferentes cenários, avaliando a dinâmica do sistema e tendo como indicadores de desempenho a taxa de utilização dos equipamentos, a quantidade de produtos produzidos e o consumo de energia elétrica e gás natural por tonelada de produto produzido. Sendo que a utilização da simulação discreta na indústria de nutrição animal, pertencente à indústria de processo e com processo produtivo híbrido, foi possível devido à abordagem utilizada, proposta por Spieckmann e Stobbe (2012).

Germany’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2045 underscores the need for climate action, with hydrogen’s multiple uses in industry, transport, and energy offering a viable solution. Efficient retrofitting of the extensive natural gas pipeline network can enable hydrogen to be transported from supply to demand centers. The aim of this study is to develop a hydrogen pipeline network strategy for Germany in 2045 that is consistent with carbon neutrality goals while minimizing associated costs. Using a single-period deterministic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach, the focus is on estimating peak-hour transport demand derived from the spatial distribution of demand and supply. This estimation is based on openly available data from the Germany Energy Agency (dena) pilot study on carbon neutrality. The methodology aims to allocate hydrogen energy flows along existing pipelines through a retrofitting approach. The base scenario is derived from the projected hydrogen demand and supply for a carbon-neutral Germany in 2045, as estimated in the dena pilot study. To explore different possibilities, a sensitivity analysis compares five different demand scenarios. Each scenario examines different hard-to-abate subsectors that have limited options for decarbonization. Evaluating the routes and utilization rates across the pipeline network provides insights into the feasibility, with certain routes, particularly those originating in the north, emerging as key. The majority of pipelines in the network have low utilization rates below 25% in peak hours, which may indicate economic infeasibility or the need for alternative transport strategies. In addition, a cost of avoided emissions analysis weighs scenario-specific emission reductions against network costs. Of particular note is the network connecting CHP plants and energy-intensive industries, which appears to strike an optimal balance in terms of costs of avoided emissions and utilization rate in peak hours. Nevertheless, the study does not consider physical flow calculations, so further validation is required in this respect. The potential of the methodology, however, liesin its ability to quickly assess different scenarios and provide valuable insights into economic, environmental, and social impacts. / Tysklands åtagande om koldioxidneutralitet senast 2045 understryker behovet av klimatåtgärder, och vätgasens många användningsområden inom industri, transport och energi erbjuder en hållbar lösning. Effektiv eftermontering av det omfattande naturgasledningsnätet kan göra det möjligt att transportera vätgas från utbuds- till efterfrågecentra. Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla en strategi för vätgasnätet i Tyskland 2045 som är förenlig med målen för koldioxidneutralitet och samtidigt minimerar de tillhörande kostnaderna. Med hjälp av en deterministisk MILP-metod (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) för en enda period ligger fokus på att uppskatta efterfrågan på transporter under maxtimmar utifrån den rumsliga fördelningen av efterfrågan och utbud. Denna uppskattning baseras på öppet tillgängliga data från denas pilotstudie om koldioxidneutralitet. Metoden syftar till att fördela vätgasenergiflöden längs befintliga rörledningar genom en eftermonteringsstrategi. Det grundläggande scenariot härleds från den beräknade efterfrågan och tillgången på vätgas för ett koldioxidneutralt Tyskland 2045, enligt uppskattningar i dena-pilotstudien. För att utforska olika möjligheter jämförs fem olika efterfrågescenarier i en känslighetsanalys. Varje scenario undersöker olika delsektorer som är svåra att minska och som har begränsade alternativ för utfasning av fossila bränslen. Utvärderingen av sträckningarna och utnyttjandegraden i rörledningsnätet ger insikter om genomförbarheten, där vissa sträckningar, särskilt de med ursprung i norr, framstår som viktiga. Majoriteten av rörledningarna i nätverkethar låga nyttjandegrader under 25% under rusningstid, vilket kan indikera ekonomisk ogenomförbarhet eller behovet av alternativa transportstrategier. Dessutom väger en kostnads-/nyttoanalys av utsläpp scenariospecifika utsläppsminskningar mot nätverkskostnader. Särskilt värt att notera är det nätverk som förbinder kraftvärmeverk och energiintensiva industrier, vilket verkar ge en optimal balans när det gäller kostnader för utsläpp och nyttjandegrad. Studien tar dock inte hänsyn till fysiska flödesberäkningar, så ytterligare validering krävs i detta avseende. Metodens potential ligger dock i dess förmåga att snabbt bedöma olika scenarier och ge värdefulla insikter om ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala effekter.