Background: Influenza is a highly contagious but preventable acute respiratory illness associated with high morbidity. Seasonal influenza affects approximately 20% to 40% of children and adolescents. Annual influenza vaccination is an effective approach to prevent illness but recent studies suggests that adolescents are underutilizing important preventive health services and that influenza vaccination coverage in high risk adolescents is also suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between household reported health status and socio-demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination. Methods: Data from the 2008 National Immunization Survey were assessed examining various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as reported health status of non-institutionalized adolescents in the U.S. The sample was limited adolescents aged 13-17. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. P-values of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance. Results: There were 29063 total observations with 18.9% reporting receiving the influenza vaccine. The results of this study indicate that sex, race and ethnicity, poverty status, health insurance status, asthma status, having an underlying health condition, missed school days due to illness or injury, and maternal age are associated with getting immunized against influenza. As one might expect those who reported having health insurance, having asthma, and having an underlying health condition had higher likelihood of vaccine. Interestingly, non-Hispanic other race and multi-race teens in the study were the most likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared with non-Hispanic white teens. Conclusions: This study further examines the impact of socio-demographic disparities and health status on influenza vaccination coverage. Although the current influenza vaccine recommendations now include all individuals ages 6 months and older, it should still be important to recognize disparities and inequalities which contribute to non-vaccination or under-vaccination. Improved understanding of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as existing underlying health conditions, will facilitate the path to improving interventions, vaccination rates, and subsequent reduction in the burden of this preventable disease.

Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojų požiūrį į vakcinaciją. Metodika. Kad įvertinti Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojų požiūrį į vakcinaciją, buvo atliktas paplitimo tyrimas. Buvo apklausta 1693 respondentai, dirbantys asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Duomenys apdoroti SPSS (13) kompiuterine programa. Analizei taikytas Pearson‘o &#967;2 testas ir statistiniam išvadų tikrinimui pasirinktas reikšmingumo lygmuo 0,05. Rezultatai. Anketinė apklausa parodė, kad Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojai teigiamai žiūri į vakcinaciją. Nors skiepijasi 54,8% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 55,9% terapeutų ir kitų specialistų bei 51,6% slaugytojų, visgi jie nurodė, kad vakcina žymiai efektyvesnė ir mažiau kainuoja nei kitos medicininės paslaugos – 67,0% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 69,1% terapeutų ir kitų specialistų bei 60,3% slaugytojų ir kad skiepai duoda žymiai daugiau naudos nei žalos (84,9% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 87,5% terapeutų ir kitų specialistų bei 71,7% slaugytojų). Iš dažniausiai nurodytų nesiskiepijimo priežasčių, dauguma respondentų nurodė, kad nesiskiepija nuo gripo dėl to, kad saugosi nuo gripo stiprindami sveikatą (19,3% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 18,9% terapeutų ir kitų specialistų bei 15,8% slaugytojų), niekada gripu neserga (20,0% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 17,0% terapeutų ir kitų specialistų bei 15,2% slaugytojų), įgyjamas natūralus imunitetas (22,2% bendrosios praktikos gydytojų, 8,0%... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective: To determine the Lithuanian health care institutions workers opinion about vaccination. Methods: In order to determine the Lithuanian health care institutions workers opinion about vaccination spread research was performed. Were polled 1693 respondents working in health care institutions. The data was analysed using SPSS computer program. There was used Pearson Chi-Square test and to check statistical reliability was choose the difference statistically insignificant 0,05. Results: Questionnaire date shows positive Lithuanian health care institutions workers opinion about vaccination. Even though only 54,8% of common practice physicians, 55,9% therapeutists and other specialists and 51,6% nurses were vaccinated themselves but they indicated that vaccination is more effective and less expensive than other medical service – 67,0% of common practice physicians, 69,1% therapeutists and other specialists and 60,3% nurses and that vaccination is more useful than harmful (84,9% of common practice physicians, 87,5% therapeutists and other specialists and 71,7% nurses). The major reason why the respondents are against vaccination, especially against influenza virus, is that they strengthen their health to protect themselves against virus (19,3% of common practice physicians, 18,9% therapeutists and other specialists and 15,8% nurses), never have flu (20,0% of common practice physicians, 17,0% therapeutists and other specialists and 15,2% nurses), and acquire natural immunity... [to full text]

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Kikhosta är en sjukdom som under de senaste åren har ökat i omfattning över hela landet. Under 2014 avled i Sverige två spädbarn i kikhosta. Folkhälsomyndigheten beslutade 2014 att undersöka hur man bäst ska skydda det nyfödda barnet mot kikhosta. Runt om i världen har man valt olika vaccinationsstrategier för att hantera denna fråga. En strategi är att erbjuda nyförlösta mammor vaccination mot kikhosta. Syftet med denna intervjustudie, i vilken sex barnmorskor deltog, är att beskriva hur barnmorskor ser på det hälsofrämjande arbetet i form av att vaccinera nyblivna mammor mot kikhosta i samband med deras vistelse på BB. Studien utgår från ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv utifrån att vårda i ett hälsofrämjande syfte. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och resultatet utmynnade i tre kategorier och nio underkategorier. Resultatet visar att barnmorskor generellt är positiva till att utföra denna uppgift, framför allt utifrån perspektivet att främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa. Det framkommer att det finns faktorer som kan underlätta eller försvåra genomförandet av uppgiften. Bland annat är informationsprocessen och även barnmorskornas arbetsbörda faktorer som är viktiga att ta i beaktande.

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This study investigated the immunological aspects of Entamoeba histolytica infection in Syrian hamsters. Immunization of hamsters by an intradermal injection with live axenic amoebae, conferred complete protection against amoebic liver abscess. Protection was achieved with homologous or heterologous strains of E. histolytica and was dose-dependent. Combination of thymectomy and anti T-cell serum treatment significantly increased the size of liver abscess and metastatic dissemination of the parasite. It was shown that a cell-mediated immune response controls the healing of skin ulcers in vaccinated animals and thus confers on them resistance to intrahepatic amoebic challenge infection. Resistance to hepatic infection with E. histolytica can be passively transferred to normal recipients with sensitized cells, but not with immune serum. Sensitized cells from vaccinated, protected or infected animal kill E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro. Splenectomy reduces the resistance of hamsters to amoebic infection. It is suggested that macrophages are required in the host defence against the establishment of amoebic abscess in the liver and dissemination of amoebae to other organs.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, 2002? / Includes list of publications arising from the thesis. Bibliography: leaves 327-341.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of History. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [175]-184).

No description available.