171 |
An analysis of the construction and comparability of the value added statements published by companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock ExchangeDe Jong, Anton J. S. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the construction and comparability of Value Added
Statements published by listed industrial companies on the Johannesburg
Stock Exchange during a two-year period starting in 1999. No Accounting
Standard is presently available for preparing the Value Added Statement.
Therefore, this study has as its aim the encapsulation of the various faulty
recordings of different items in the statement.
The published financial statements for 1999 and 2000 of more than 200
companies were analysed and compared to a previously developed
standardised statement to ascertain items incorrectly included or omitted. The
inclusion or extraction of these items in the standardised statement determines
the actual value added by a company. The study also accurately identifies
those items that are mostly recorded incorrectly and which contribute to the
inadequacies of the Value Added Statement.
For the Value Added Statement to put the wealth created by an organisation in
a proper perspective, the comparability thereof will have to be enhanced by the
constant application of a methodical and uniform model that incorporates
clearly defined entries. Users of Value Added Statements should thus be able
to compare the results in a statement of an entity over a given period of time to
evaluate trends and cycles and should furthermore, be able to compare the
statements of various companies in order to determine the relative performance
of a company in the creation of wealth. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die konstruksie en vergelykbaarheid van
Toegevoegdewaardestate wat gepubliseer is oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar,
beginnende 1999, deur industriële maatskappye wat op die Johannesburgse
Effektebeurs genoteer is. Geen Rekeningkundige Standpunt is tans beskikbaar
vir die opstel van Toegevoegdewaardestate nie. Gevolglik het hierdie studie dit
ten doel om die foutiewe inskrywings van verskeie items te identifiseer.
Die gepubliseerde finansiële state vir 1999 en 2000 van meer as 200
maatskappye is geanaliseer en vergelyk met 'n gestandaardiseerde staat wat
vooraf ontwikkel is. Die doel van hierdie analise was om items te identifiseer
wat verkeerdelik ingesluit is of weggelaat is in die betrokke state. Die werklike
waarde wat toegevoeg is, word gevolglik bepaal deur die insluiting of weglating
van die items in die gestandaardiseerde staat. Die studie identifiseer ook
daardie items wat die meeste verkeerdelik gerapporteer word en wat die
grootste bydrae lewer tot die vermindering in die aanwending en waarde van
die Toegevoegdewaardestaat.
Om werklik perspektief te plaas op die rykdom wat geskep word deur 'n
organisasie, sal die vergelykbaarheid van die Toegevoegdewaardestaat
verbeter moet word deur die deurlopende toepassing van 'n sistematiese en
konstante model wat duidelik omskryfde inskrywings inkorporeer. Die
gebruikers van Toegevoegdewaardestate moet dus in staat gestel word om 'n
vergelyking te tref tussen die resultate van 'n entiteit oor 'n gegewe tydperk ten
einde tendense en siklusse te evalueer, asook om die resultate van
verskillende maatskappye te vergelyk ten einde 'n maatskappy se relatiewe
werksverrigting te bepaal aangaande waardetoevoeging.
|
172 |
Equity crowdfunding: Is it really "Dumb money"? : An exploratory study on the non-financial value added by equity crowdfunding investors from Swedish entrepreneurs’ perspectiveMalmgren, Johanna, Holm, Freja, Bertilsson, Susanna January 2016 (has links)
Abstract Background: In an equity crowdfunding campaign, the investor receives shares in the company in return for the investment, which makes equity crowdfunding similar to traditional sources of equity funding. Nevertheless, skeptics have referred to equity crowdfunding as “dumb money”, since it might not provide similar non-financial value added as realized from professional investors. The main literature used for the frame of reference were Boué (2007), Macht and Robinson (2008) and Macht and Weatherston (2014). The literature worked as a basis for deriving a table, outlining the non-financial value added received by venture capitalists and business angels, as well as showing where literature is lacking regarding non-financial value added by equity crowdfunding investors. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to explore the non-financial value added by equity crowdfunding investors to the entrepreneur. This purpose was answered by two research questions: (1) Do equity crowdfunding investors provide similar non-financial value added to the entrepreneur as traditional equity funding investors do? (2) Are there any additional non-financial value added realized from equity crowdfunding? Method: This thesis follows the interpretivist research paradigm and undertakes an abductive research approach in order to explore the purpose. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with seven entrepreneurs who had successfully conducted an equity crowdfunding campaign in Sweden. Secondary data was collected from peer-reviewed articles containing relevant theories and models. Conclusion: This research suggests that there are similarities between professional investors and equity crowdfunding investors in terms of non-financial value added. The contribution from equity crowdfunding investors seems to be dependent on the effort that the entrepreneur puts into the relationship with the investors. Furthermore, equity crowdfunding also allows the entrepreneur to maintain ownership and control over the company. However, each equity crowdfunding case is different and there are no guarantees of receiving certain types of investors.
|
173 |
'n Kritiese evaluasie van die toedeling van insetbelasting in Artikel 17(1) van die Wet op Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde no. 89 van 1991Combrink, Thomas 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Insetbelasting soos omskryf in artikel 1 van die Wet op Belasting op
Toegevoegde Waarde No. 89 van 1991 (“die Wet”) kan teruggeëis word waar
die goedere of dienste, ten opsigte waarvan die insetbelasting geëis word, vir
die maak van belasbare lewerings verkry is.
Waar goedere of dienste verkry word, gedeeltelik vir die maak van belasbare
lewerings en gedeeltelik vir die maak van vrygestelde lewerings, moet ʼn
toedeling van die insetbelasting ooreenkomstig die bepalings van Artikel 17(1)
van die Wet gemaak word.
Artikel 17(1) bepaal dat die omset-gebaseerde toedelingsmetode gebruik
moet word vir die toedeling van toedeelbare insetbelasting. Hierdie metode
wat voorgeskryf word gee aanleiding tot die volgende twee probleemstellings,
naamlik :
· Onduidelikheid in die Wet rakende die hantering van verskillende tipes
lewerings binne die toedelingsformule, en
· Onduidelikheid oor welke bedrae of gevalle by die toedelingsformule inof
uitgesluit moet word.
Artikel 17(1) bepaal ook dat, indien die omset-gebaseerde toedelings-metode
nie toepaslik vir ʼn ondernemer is nie, ʼn alternatiewe metode gebruik kan word
mits die alternatiewe metode ʼn redelike en regverdige alternatief daarstel.
Hierdie uitsondering gee aanleiding tot ʼn derde probleemstelling, naamlik:
· Wat kan as ʼn redelike en regverdige alternatief beskou word?
Laastens maak Artikel 17(1) voorsiening vir ʼn voorbehoudsbepaling wat
bekend staan as die de minimis-reël. Hiervolgens hoef ʼn ondernemer nie te
voldoen aan Artikel 17(1) indien die ondernemer se totale belasbare lewerings
minstens 95% van sy totale lewerings beloop nie. Die voorbehoudsbepaling
maak egter nie voorsiening vir die hantering van abnormale omstandighede
wat die implementering van die voorbehoudbepaling kan beïnvloed nie. Dit
gee aanleiding tot die vierde probleemstelling, naamlik :
· Watter maatreëls bestaan daar om te verseker dat die de minimis-reël
nie deur abnormale omstandighede beïnvloed word nie?
In hierdie studie word Artikel 17(1) krities ontleed ten einde te poog om
oplossings vir bostaande probleemstellings te vind. Relevante wetgewing en
publikasies van lande soos die Verenigde Koninkryk, Kanada, Australië en
Ierland is ook bestudeer en na aanleiding hiervan kan die volgende afleidings
gemaak word, naamlik:
· dat ʼn lewering uit meer as een tipe lewering kan bestaan, hetsy
belasbaar of vrygestel. Sodanige lewerings kan geklassifiseer word as
toevallige-, saamgestelde- of gemengde lewerings wat, afhangend van
die tipe lewering, die insetbelasting wat teruggeëis mag word,
verskillend kan beïnvloed. Uitsluitsel oor die klassifikasies van
lewerings moet verkry word alvorens dit in die toedelingsformule
ingesluit word;
· dat die in- of uitsluiting van spesifieke bedrae en gevalle in die
toedelingsformule eerstens aan die hand van die ekonomiese
aktiwiteitstoets gemeet moet word. Die resultate van ʼn ekonomiese
aktiwiteitstoets sal aandui watter invloed ʼn spesifieke bedrag of geval
op die toedelingsformule kan hê. Die spesifieke eienskappe van elke
bedrag of geval moet daarna ontleed word om te bepaal of sodanige
bedrag of geval by die toedelingsformule in- of uitgesluit moet word om
die manipulasie van die toedelingsformule te voorkom;
· dat riglyne bepaal moet word of die toepassing van ʼn alternatiewe
toedelingsmetode redelik en regverdig is ten einde enige onsekerhede
uit die weg te ruim. Dit behoort op ‘n soortgelyke wyse geïmplementeer
te word as die bestaande riglyne in die wetgewing van lande soos
Kanada, Ierland en die Verenigde Koninkryk;
· dat die de minimis-reël uitgebrei moet word deur nie net na ʼn vaste
persentasie te verwys nie, maar ook die gebruik van historiese syfers,
randwaardes en maandelikse ontledings in te sluit, soos wat dit tans
die gebruik in Kanada en die Verenigde Koninkryk is.
Daar bestaan dus reeds in ander lande wetgewing wat die probleemareas,
soos in die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing geïdentifiseer, aanspreek. Dit is dus
nodig om aan die hand hiervan die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing uit te brei ten
einde enige onduidelikhede en areas vir moontlike manipulasie uit te skakel / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Input tax as defined in Section 1 of the Value Added Tax Act No. 89 of 1991
(“the Act”) can be deducted where goods or services are acquired by the
vendor for the purpose of consumption, use or supply in the course of making
taxable supplies.
Where the goods or services are acquired by the vendor partially for the
purpose of making taxable supplies and partially for the purpose of making
exempt supplies, an apportionment of the input tax that can be deducted, has
to be done in terms of Section 17(1) of the Act.
Section 17(1) determines that the turnover-based apportionment method
should be used for apportionment of the input tax. This prescribed method
gives rise to the following problem statements:
· The Act is not clear as to how different types of supplies should be
treated in the apportionment formula, and
· The Act is not clear as to which specific amounts or cases should be
included or excluded from the apportionment formula.
Section 17(1) further determines that, if a vendor finds the turnover-based
method of apportionment inappropriate, the vendor can use an alternative
method as long as the method is a fair and reasonable alternative. This
exemption to the rule gives rise to a third problem statement, namely:
· What should be seen as fair and reasonable alternative method?
Finally, a proviso is found in Section 17(1), better known as the de minimisrule.
According to the rule no apportionment is necessary in terms of Section
17(1) if the total taxable supplies constitute at least 95% of total supplies. The
proviso does not take abnormal circumstances into account that can affect the
implementation of the proviso. This gives rise to the fourth problem statement:
· What controls exist to ensure that the de minimis-rule is not influenced
by abnormal circumstances?
In this study Section 17(1) is critically analyzed to find solutions for the above
problem statements. Relevant acts and publications of countries such as the
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Ireland were examined. The following
conclusions can be drawn from the study:
· A supply can consist out of more than one type of supply, either taxable
or exempt. These supplies can be classified as coincidental supplies,
combined supplies or mixed supplies. Each one of these supplies can
have a material influence on the apportionment formula and should be
considered carefully before they are included in the formula.
· The inclusion or exclusion of any specific amount or case as part of the
apportionment formula should first be measured against the economic
activity test. The results of the economic activity test will indicate which
effect the specific amount or case will have on the apportionment
formula. Thereafter the distinctive characteristics of the amount or case
should be analysed to ensure correct treatment of the specific amount
or case in the apportionment formula to prevent the manipulation of the
apportionment formula.
· Guidelines should be identified to determine whether an alternative
method of apportionment is fair and reasonable, in conjunction with the
specific guidelines identified by the legislation of countries such as
Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom.
· The de minimis-rule should be broadened not to only include the use of
a fixed percentage, but also the use of historical figures, rand values
and monthly analysis as is the case in Canada and the United
Kingdom.
As can be seen from the above there already exist legislation in other
countries that addresses the problem areas as identified in South African
legislation. It is therefore necessary to broaden the South African legislation to
eliminate any uncertainties and areas for possible manipulation.
|
174 |
A critical evaluation of the enterprise concept and the effect thereof on input tax and its apportionment for VAT purposesMarais, Pierre 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MAcc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, value-added tax (‘VAT’) is classified as an indirect tax which is levied on goods or services supplied in the Republic of South Africa. In South Africa, VAT is a destination-based invoice type tax system which means that the consumption of goods and services are taxed.
To register as a vendor for VAT purposes, the business conducted must fall within the ambit of an ‘enterprise’ as defined in section 1(1) of the Value-Added Tax Act, 1991 (Act No. 89 of 1991) (the VAT Act).
Where a registered vendor makes taxable supplies of goods or services, it is subject to VAT at the standard rate in terms of section 7(1) of the VAT Act, unless and exemption or exception applies thereto.
VAT incurred will constitute “input tax” as defined in section 1(1) of the VAT Act, where amongst others, the goods or services are acquired wholly for the purpose of consumption, use or supply in the course of making taxable supplies, or where the goods or services are acquired partly for such purpose, to such extent as determined in accordance with section 17(1) of the VAT Act.
The vendor will therefore be confronted with various questions with regard to whether the activities are performed by the enterprise, or whether such activities fall outside the scope of VAT and therefore constitute non-enterprise activities. When the activities are regarded as enterprise activities, the vendor will have to determine whether the VAT incurred for the enterprise activities are used, consumed or supplied in making taxable supplies.
Where the VAT incurred cannot be attributed to the making of taxable supplies, an apportionment of the VAT incurred is required. The apportionment method used in apportioning the VAT incurred for mixed purposes, must be fair and reasonable. This research assignment will therefore investigate and focus on the treatment of the VAT incurred by the business in deducting the correct amount of input tax. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika word belasting op toegevoegde waarde (‘BTW’) geklassifiseer as ‘n indirekte belasting wat gehef word op die lewering van goed of dienste. BTW is ‘n destinasie-gebaseerde faktuurbasis wat beteken dat die verbruik van goed of dienste in Suid-Afrika aan belasting onderhewig is.
Om vir BTW doeleindes te registreer, moet die besigheid of die bedryf aan die vereistes van ‘n ‘onderneming’ soos gedefineer in artikel 1(1) van die Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde Wet (die BTW Wet) voldoen. ‘n Geregistreerde ondernemer wat goed of dienste lewer, moet BTW teen die standaardkoers ingevolge artikel 7(1) van die BTW Wet hef, tensy ‘n vrystelling of uitsondering op hierdie reël van toepassing is.
Die belasting gehef ingevolge artikel 7(1) van die BTW Wet verteenwoordig insetbelasting indien die betrokke goed of dienste deur die ondernemer verkry word geheel en al met die doel van verbruik, gebruik of lewering in die loop van die doen vir belasbare lewerings. Indien die goed of dienste gedeeltelik vir daardie doel aangewend word, is die ondernemer verplig om die belasting toe te deel ingevolge artikel 17 van die BTW Wet.
Die ondernemer word dus met verskeie vrae gekonfronteer om te bepaal of die goed of dienste aangewend word in die loop ter bevordering van die onderneming. Indien die goed of dienste nie vir daardie doel aangewend word nie, die sogenaamde ondernemingsaktiwiteite, sal die BTW aangegaan deur die ondernemer buite die bestek van die BTW Wet val en gevolglik as nie-ondernemingsaktiwitiete geklassifiseer word.
Indien die BTW nie geheel en al gebruik word vir die maak van belasbare lewerings nie, moet die ondernemer die sogenaamde BTW toedeel volgens ‘n erkende toedelingsmetode ingevolge artikel 17 van die BTW Wet. Hierdie metode moet aan die vereistes van regverdigheid en redelikheid voldoen. Hierdie werkstuk fokus en ontleed die hantering van die BTW aangegaan deur die ondernemer met die doel om die korrekte insetbelasting aftrekking te bepaal.
|
175 |
An investigation into the suitability of Economic Value Added (EVA) as a measure of performance evaluationKotze, Murison 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report evaluated the concept of Economic Value Added (EVA) and investigated the
application of EVA as a performance measure to a particular company. It was found that EVA
overcomes some of the problems associated with the traditional measures of company
performance. These traditional measures are profit based and are calculated from standard
accounting methods. They are inadequate measures to account for the creation of shareholder
wealth, as they do not take the full cost of capital into account and also distort the economic
reality of the company.
It was however observed that there are limitations when applying EVA. It was found that
significant effort (and associated costs) could be required to implement an EVA system in a
company. The EVA calculation can also become very technical, and is heavily biased by the
company's risk index (or beta coefficient), which is also a subjective measure (especially for
private companies). In addition, the choice of adjustments to standard accounting methods have a
significant impact on whether the company creates or destroys value in terms of EVA, and can
lead to a certain degree of manipulation of the EVA calculation.
In the case of the particular company reviewed, it was however found that these potential
limitations were overshadowed by the benefits that can be gained from the increased focus on the
creation of shareholder wealth that comes from the implementation ofEV A.
It was concluded that should EVA be fully implemented at this particular company, it could form
the backbone of the financial management and employee incentive system, guiding decisions
made at all levels, and changing company culture so that every employee thinks and acts like an
owner of the company. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsverslag het die konsep van Ekonomiese Toegevoegde Waarde (ETW) geevalueer,
en ook die toepassing van ETW as prestasiemaatstaf by 'n spesifieke maatskappy
ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat ETW sommige van die probleme wat geassosieer kan word met
tradisionele maatstawwe van maatskappy prestasie (wins gebaseerde maatstawwe wat bereken
word met die standaard rekenkundige metodes) kan oorkom. Hierdie maatstawwe is nie
voldoende om die skepping van aandeelhouer welvaart te bereken nie, aangesien hulle nie die
volle koste van kapitaal in berekening bring nie, en ook die ekonomiese realiteit van die
maatskappy verwring.
Daar is weI uitgewys dat ETW sekere beperkings het. Daadwerklike inspanning (asook
gepaardgaande koste) kan nodig wees om 'n volle ETW implimentasie uit te voer, en die
berekening van ETW kan ook baie tegnies wees. Die berekening word ook heweglik beinvloed
deur die beta-koeffisient, wat op sy beurt ook 'n subjektiewe maatstaf is - veral vir privaat
maatskappye. Gepaardgaande hiermee het die keuse van aanpassings aan die standaard
rekenkundige metodes ook 'n groot impak op die eindproduk van ETW - of 'n maatskappy
welvaart skep of vernietig. Dit kan op sy beurt lei tot 'n mate van manipulasie van die ETW
berekening.
In die geval van die spesifieke maatskappy wat ondersoek is in die navorsingsverslag was dit
egter gevind dat die potensiele beperkings van ETW oorskadu word deur die voordele wat kan
voortspruit uit die verhoogde fokus op die skepping van aandeelhouer welvaart wat gepaard gaan
met die implementering van ETW.
Daar was tot die slotsom gekom dat indien ETW ten volle implementeer sou word by die
spesifieke maatskappy, dit die steunpilaar van die finansiele bestuur en werknemer vergoeding
stelsel kan word, besluite op aIle vlakke kan beYnvloed, en die maatskappy se kultuur kan
verander sodat elke werknemer kan dink en optree soos 'n eienaar van die maatskappy.
|
176 |
A strategic financial planning modelElijah, J. J. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report contains a strategic management model to assess the impact on the EVA тм
of the individual business units and the consolidated group total of a Company, when
manipulating any of the key business drivers. The model has been designed to deliver
a solution to the end-user that is simple to operate and presents graphical outputs to
enhance understanding and interpretation. The sensitivity analysis, the EVA тм tree and
the financial statements are presented in Excel.
A simulation technique is used to forecast NOPAT values from a set of key drivers. The
theories used to construct the model are explained and a hypothetical example is
provided. The appendices also provide the concept of EVA тм, simulation techniques,
list of assumptions and model instructions. The report is comprehensive enough to
allow the reader to develop, implement and test a model of this nature. Opportunities
for further research are also provided. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bevat 'n strategiese bestuursmodel om die impak van individuele
besigheidseenhede op ekonomiese waardetoevoeging (Engels: EVA тм) en die
gekonsolideerde groeptotaal van 'n maatskappy, wanneer enige een van die sleutel
besigheidsdrywers gemanipuleer word, te bepaal. Die model is ontwerp om 'n
eenvoudige oplossing vir die eindgebruiker te verskaf en verskaf grafiese uiteensettings
om verstaanbaarheid en interpretasie te vergemaklik. Die sensitiwiteitsanalise,
ekonomiese waardetoevoegingsontleding en die finansiële state word in Excel
weergee.
'n Simulasie tegniek is gebruik om NOPAT waardes van 'n stel sleutel drywers te
voorspel. Die teorieë wat gebruik is om die model saam te stel, word aan die hand van
'n hipotetiese voorbeeld wat voorsien word, verduidelik. Die aanhangsels voorsien die
konsep EVA тм, simulasie tegnieke, 'n lys van aannames en instruksies vir die model.
Die verslag is volledig genoeg om die leser in staat te stel om 'n model van hierdie aard
te ontwikkel, te toets en te implementer. Voorstelle vir verdere navorsing word voorsien.
|
177 |
Fundamentals of techniques and principles used to enhance the value of capital projectsPrinsloo, M. J. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "Imagine improving the value of a capital project by 30%, or increasing the
throughput of an organisation with 20% less capital expenditure!"
The normal reaction to this sort of statement is that it is impossible and only looks
good on paper.
However, by applying proper principles and techniques, an organisation or project
team can embark on a journey which will allow them to creatively apply those skills
and knowledge in order to maximise the value of the organisation, project or venture.
It will allow business to evaluate and extract value by analysing business cases,
process- and engineering design issues, project development and implementation
plans.
Too frequently project teams find themselves tied up with the nitty gritty issues of
projects, causing them to loose sight of the bigger picture. The existence hereof of this
is often indicated by too much focus on actions to reduce capital expenditure and too
little on the impact thereof on operational cost and value adding potential, destroying
overall value of the venture in the process. This aim with this document is to provide the reader with an overview of tools,
techniques and principles to aid organisations to enhance the value of capital projects.
It is not intended as a handbook or manual to enable the reader to become a skilled
practitioner in this field, but rather to give the interested novice, general manager or
project leader a background overview of, and insight into, the steps, tools, techniques
and principles available, to improve the value of a project.
The basic fundamentals are not rocket science, but it is the process of becoming
involved in applying lateral thinking to each phase of a project, or existing operation
that unlocks the true value.
This document firstly gives background on the reasons why value adding potential
usually exists in capital projects, and identifies tell tale indicators of hidden value
opportunities in projects.
Basic fundamentals are discussed to familiarise the reader with general concepts used
in later chapters. Subsequently, the steps for execution of a value improving
intervention are discussed, to give the reader a thorough background and
understanding of the value improving processes involved. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Verbeter die waarde van 'n kapitaal projek met 30%, of verhoog die deurset van 'n
organisasie met 20% minder kapitaal spandering!"
Die verwagte reaksie op hierdie tipe stellings is dat dit onmoontlik is en net goed lyk
op papier.
Die aanwending van toepaslike beginsels en tegnieke kan 'n organisasie egter in staat
stel om daardie vaardighede en kennis, waaroor hulle reeds beskik, te benut om die
waarde van die organisasie of projek te maksimeer. Dit kan besighede toelaat om
waarde te evalueer en te ontsluit deur besigheidsplanne, proses- en ontwerp
aangeleenthede, projek ontwikkeling en implementeringsplanne te analiseer, te
verstaan en te verbeter.
Te dikwels bemoei projekspanne hulle met die detail van projekte, wat veroorsaak dat
hulle die groter prentjie uit die oog verloor. Die teenwoordigheid hiervan word veral
aangedui deur te veel fokus op aksies om kapitaal spandering te verminder, en te min
op resulterende bedryfskoste en waarde skeppende potensiaal te konsentreer. Hierdeur
word die algehele waarde waartoe die projek instaat is ondermyn.
Die doel met hierdie dokument is om 'n oorsig te gee na die gereedskap, tegnieke en
beginsels wat beskikbaar is ter ondersteuning van organisasies wat die waarde van
kapitaalprojekte wil verbeter. Dit is nie bedoel om 'n handboek of voorskrif te wees
om die leser instaat te stel om 'n vaardige verbeteringspraktisyn te word nie, maar
eerder om aan die geinteresseerde leek, projekbestuurder of algemene bestuurder agtergrond en insig te gee oor die stappe, gereedskap, tegnieke en beginsels wat
beskikbaar is om die waarde van 'n projek te verhoog.
Die grondbeginsels is nie kwantumfisika nie, maar behels 'n proses om betrokke te
raak in die toepassing van laterale denke en kreatiwiteit in elke fase van 'n projek of
besigheid, om die werklike waarde te ontsluit.
Hierdie dokument gee eerstens agtergrond oor die redes waarom potensiaal vir
waarde toevoeging in kapitaalprojekte bestaan, en identifiseer 'n aantal indikators van
die teenwoordigheid van verskuilde waarde aan.
Grondbeginsels wat in verdere hoofstukke gebruik word, word bespreek en toegelig.
Daarna word die stappe ter uitvoering van 'n waarde verhogingsintervensie bespreek,
om 'n deeglike agtergrond te verkry van die betrokke proses.
|
178 |
The application of supplier collaboration to mining equipment purchasing strategies in order to improve the value added to operations : a literature reviewRoux, Marius T. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Purchasing strategies impact on the value added to operations by the items included
in the specific purchasing strategy. In mechanised mining operations the mining
equipment plays a significant role in the production process as it is the primary
production tools. This study reviews literature on the application of buyer-supplier
collaboration to purchasing strategies in order to improve the value added to
operations and focus on mining equipment purchasing.
Most authors agree that the origin of this type of relationship is the adoption of the
production management concept of Just-in-Time. Models for buyer supplier
collaboration include one dimensional models such as the Traditional and Advanced
Supply Management model, Models on the automotive industry, and Supplier
partnerships. The one dimensional models mainly compare traditional market type
supplier relationships to advanced partnership or relational type relationships. The
models reviewed also include multi-dimensional models such as the portfolio
management models and the strategic supplier segmentation model. These multidimensional
models propose the adoption of a variety of supplier management
models based on certain contextual parameters relating to the purchase and expands
on the one dimensional models.
The benefits of buyer-supplier collaboration include reduced inventory, increased
inventory turnover, reduced scrap, increased quality, reduced costs, improved
delivery reliability, design and productivity, reductions in lead time, and additional
effort from suppliers.
The risks associated with buyer-supplier collaboration include significant resource
requirements, lack of support from suppliers, shifting of inventory, industry type
exclusivity, higher switching costs, and increase in supplier's power.
Buyer-supplier collaboration has certain requirements to be successful. These include
a fundamental change in the purchasing strategy relating to supplier selection criteria,
number of sources and time horizon, multi-dimensional evaluations, a move to
single-sourcing and long term relationships. The development of buyer-supplier
collaboration is dependant on similarity in industry and technology, prior experiences
change, effective communication and information sharing, and experiential
learning. Other success factors include two-way information sharing, top
management support, shared goals, early communication to suppliers of specification
changes or new products, suppliers adding distinctive value, total quality
management initiatives and Just-in-time initiatives.
The models for buyer-supplier collaboration form the basis of most discussions on
implementation. The main implementation guidelines reviewed include the
implementation of operational links relating to design, logistics and quality. The more
complete implementation models include the model for Five phases in the
development and evolution of purchasing partnerships. The most complete models
are the portfolio management models to supplier relationship management which
includes contextual analysis as well as relationship analysis and implementation.
Portfolio management models were found to be the most applicable to application in
industries other than manufacturing.
The final part of this study applies the theory to mining equipment purchases. The
theory and application of buyer-supplier collaboration were developed for the
manufacturing industry and therefore several issues arise in the application of these
approaches in the mining industry. No significant literature was found relating to the
application of buyer-supplier collaboration to mining equipment purchasing strategies.
Applying the portfolio management approach to the mining equipment purchase and
suppliers, reveals that mining equipment purchases are strategic in nature and
buyer-supplier collaboration is the applicable management approach. Several areas
of possible value add were identified and include acquisitions costs, replacement
parts, efficiency and productivity of mining equipment.
The initial review of the implementation of buyer-supplier collaboration at a mining
operation reveals early performance improvements in terms of service levels. The
review also indicates the existence of some of the risks associated with this type of
relationship, mainly the shifting of inventory to the supplier.
|
179 |
Analysis of value-added reporting by listed industrial companies on the Johannesburg Stock ExchangeMotswagae, Pauline 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1998. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigated the divergent practice in the presentation of Value-Added Statements
(V AS) by industrial companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. A standard statement
(for 1997 only), as suggested by the author, was constructed for all 188 companies analysed to
eliminate unusual or faulty recording of certain items. Overall, the calculated value added
differed from that published by the companies due to the inclusion of certain items which are
specific to particular companies. The information compiled during the investigation will also
he used to upgrade the database of the University of Stellenbosch Business School.
The results of the study suggest that there are indeed some deep-rooted conceptual problems
in reporting value added as well as problems associated with the treatment of individual items
in the statement. Taxation reporting in the V AS was found to be the major item where
inconsistency was prevalent. Of the 188 companies studied, about forty percent included what
the author tenned "taxation mistakes" in their VAS. Minority reporting was found to be
another significant problem area where companies were very inconsistent in reporting the
item. In addition, there were some strange items that the writer came across in the published
VAS.
[f value added is to be accepted as a useful tool in financial reporting, that is, if it is to gain
popularity and usefulness, it must be derived from a consistent model and should be
systematically applied. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie het die verskillende wyses ondersoek waarop Toegevoegdewaardestate (TWS)
opgestel is deue industriele maatskappye op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs. 'n Standaard
staat (slegs vir 1997) soos voorgestel deur die skrywer is opgestel vir elk van die 188
maatskappye wat ontleed is ten einde ongewone of foutiewe rapportering te elimineer. Oor die
aigemeen het die berekende toegevoegde waarde verskil van die syfers soos gepubliseer deur die
maatskappy. Die verskille was hoofsaaklik toe te skryf aan die insluiting van sekere items wat
uniek was aan bepaaJde maatskappye. Die informasie versamel gedurende hierdie ondersoek sal
ook gebruik word om die databasis van die Bestuurskool van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch
op te gradeer.
Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat daar weI sommige diep-geworteide konseptuele
probleme in die rapportering van toegevoegde waardc bestaan het sowel as probleme
geassosieer met die hantering van individuele items in die TWS. Veertig persent van die 188
maatskappye ondersoek, het belastingfoute (soos deur die skrywer omskryf) ingesluit in die
gepubliseerde TWS. Die rapportering van minderheidsbelang was ook 'n groot probleem area
wat gelei het tot 'n groot mate van inkonsekwente rapportering. Verder het die skrywer op 'n
hele aantal ongewone items in die gepubliseerde TWS gevind.
As toegevoegde waarde as 'n handige hulpmiddel in finansiele rapportering aanvaar wil word,
dit is om groter populariteit en groter gebruikswaarde te verkry, sal dit ontwikkel moet word uit
'n bepaalde model, en op 'n sistematiese wyse opgestel word.
|
180 |
An opportunity exploration and best practices analysis for South African mobile value-added companies entering the Ghanaian marketHatting, Henry Lindo 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mobile penetration in Ghana and the rest of Western Africa is reaching maturity. Mobile operators are looking for ways to complement their traditional revenue streams, as they cannot merely rely on voice and short message service (SMS) income anymore. Mobile value-added services are a good addition to the portfolio, bringing much needed services like transactional banking, commerce, information and entertainment, insurance, and health information services to mobile users that had difficult to no access to the above services until recently. South African mobile value-added services (VAS) companies that have a good relationship with market leading mobile providers, like MTN, have the opportunity to tap into the Ghanaian market as these services predominantly consist of mobile financial services products with limited functionality. Other specific services like agriculture, health, entertainment and insurance have been identified as mobile subscriber needs in the Ghanaian market.
The benefit that South African mobile value-added companies have is that they already have developed similar well-functioning value-added services for the local market where comparisons with the Ghanaian market dynamics can be found. These companies can tailor them to the specific needs and requirements of the market in Ghana, saving them time and having the much-needed first mover advantage with regards to new or better mobile VAS in this market.
Ghana is seen as the most stable country in the West African region and ease of doing business is good in comparison with neighbouring countries like Nigeria. Ghana is therefore a good entry point for South African mobile VAS companies in the West African market to truly scale their business model.
The researcher chose to investigate the opportunities and best ways to enter this market by interviewing a project manager and managing director of a leading mobile value-added services company doing business in emerging economies, including Ghana. Questionnaires were also sent to employees working for various mobile VAS employers with extensive experience in the research and development of mobile VAS in these markets.
The researcher derived information on the difficulty of doing business in Ghana; the current available VAS in the Ghanaian market; factors that hinder business growth in this market specifically; drivers of success; the importance of partnering with leading mobile operators like MTN to be successful; how the South African business model can be compatible; South African and other African trends that will most likely overflow to Ghana; together with the size data-enabled VAS which will form part of the portfolio of products that mobile VAS companies can offer and be market ready for in the near future.
The findings of the researcher can be used as a starting framework to further investigate and determine specific market size and to conduct in-depth market analysis of the needs and requirements of mobile subscribers with regards to mobile VAS in Ghana with the vision of moving into the rest of Western Africa.
|
Page generated in 0.2578 seconds