Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the influence of a logotherapy activity, the mountain range exercise on the purpose in life and values of Grade 11 scholars of a specific culture community in the Western Cape. Two research hypotheses were formulated; firstly, that the logotherapy activity will help to heighten the meaning in the lives of Grade 11 scholars and, secondly, that the logotherapy activity would influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. The fifty-nine subjects used in the study were Grade 11 scholars at Macassar High School in the Western Cape. The subjects were divided into an experimental and control group. Two questionnaires were used in the study: the Purpose in Life-test (PIL) and the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (AVL). After the experimental group completed the logotherapy activity they were divided into four discussion groups, each group consisting of seven or eight subjects. The groups underwent two discussion sessions. The experimental group completed the logotherapy activity and a post-test was carried out on both groups. Results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group on the Purpose in Life-test. The first research hypotheses is hereby supported; that is the implementation of the logotherapy activity heighten the meaning in the lives of the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group differed significantly with regard to the economic value. The second research hypotheses is hereby supported, that is, the implementation of the logotherapy activity will influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die ondersoek was die meting van die invloed van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit, naamlik die bergreeks-oefening, op die doel van die lewe en waardes van Graad 11 leerlinge van en bepaalde kultuurgemeenskap in die Wes-Kaapland. Twee navorsingshipoteses is geformuleer, naamlik dat die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin en betekenis in die lewe van Graad 11 leerlinge sal verhoog en tweedens dat die groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die leerlinge betekenisvol sal beïnvloed. Die nege-en-vyftig subjekte was Graad 11 hoërskool leerlinge van Macassar Sekondêr in die Wes-Kaapland. Die ondersoekgroep is ewekansig in en eksperimentele en kontrole groep verdeel. Twee vraelyste is toegepas: Die Betekenis in die lewe-vraelys (PIL) en die Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Waardeskaal (AVL). Nadat die eksperimentele groep die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit voltooi het, is hulle in vier diskussiegroepe verdeel, elk met sewe of agt lede. Die diskussiegroepe het twee groepsbesprekings ondergaan. Die nameting is op albei groepe gedoen om sodoende te bepaal of die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die navorsingshipoteses ondersteun. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van hulle sinsbelewing het beduidend verskil. Die eerste navorsingshipotese is hierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin van die lewe van die eksperimentele groep verhoog. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van die ekonomiese waarde het beduidend verskil. Die tweede navorsingshipotese is ierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die lewe van die Graad 11 leerling beïnvloed.

The research underpinning this work took place in the context of two rural water and sanitation projects carried out in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The focus of study was on the way engineers can make water and sanitation projects more sustainable. In particular, emphasis was placed on the broad range of non-technical factors engineers need to incorporate into the design of water and sanitation systems and the processes they need to follow in order to achieve this, looking specifically at the implications of community participation for design process, project management and health and safety management. The current high failure rate of rural water and sanitation projects provided the impetus for carrying out this work. There is an urgent need to improve engineering ability to provide vital life-saving infrastructure in developing countries as this infrastructure is a pre-requisite for poverty reduction. A critical realist perspective framed the research to allow socially constructed realities to be combined with scientific and technical facts, and to allow inquiry in a ‘real world’ scenario where variables cannot be controlled individually. The research questions were explored through the author’s involvement in two community development projects involving water and sanitation system implementation. The key methods employed were interview, both informal and group, observation and reflection. The contribution to knowledge made by this investigation is an increased understanding of the relevance of social and cultural context for engineers engaged in rural water and sanitation infrastructure provision through exploration of these issues in a particular context. Also examined are health and safety aspects of rural water and sanitation projects where the community participate in construction. Whilst health and safety had been explored in a developing country context there is a lack of previous work looking at these issues in a community self-construction context. It was found that a broad range of factors need to be considered in the engineering design of water and sanitation systems if projects are to have a chance of being sustainable in the long term. In order to understand and design appropriately for the context of rural projects with direct community involvement it is necessary to adapt the engineering process to incorporate community participation fully into the design and construction of water and sanitation facilities. Where communities are involved in construction particular issues arise with regards to health and safety management; many of the issues originate in the socio-cultural context and motivations for community members to engage in hazardous construction activities need to be understood and considered to properly manage the construction process. To truly incorporate the ideas of local communities into engineering design, engineers need a greater awareness of the assumptions they hold arising from their scientific outlook. Further research is required in different contexts in order to more clearly define the boundaries of the findings of this study and begin to overcome the limitations of the case study method. However, this research contributes to understanding how engineers can improve their designs of water and sanitation infrastructure and the processes they use to create more sustainable projects by looking at these issues in one particular context. This contribution adds to understanding of how a lack of access to water and sanitation infrastructure in rural regions of developing countries can be overcome, which is ultimately necessary to meet the Millennium Development Goals and as a pre-requisite to reducing poverty in the developing world.

The typical clinical presentation of depression is defined primarily from a Western perspective and may have limited cross cultural applicability. Yet, these descriptions characterise practice and diagnosis in Libya. Therefore, a study was conducted to identify symptoms of depression and cultural factors in Libya. Following a pilot study with 83 British non-clinical participants, a study was carried out in Libya using standardised questionnaires, with depression (BDI-II) as the dependent variable, sex as fixed factor, and individualism (IND), collectivism (COL), familism (FAM), social support (MSPSS) and self-esteem (RSE) as covariates. The sample comprised 169 Libyan non-clinical participants all scales were back translated for Arabic versions, and sufficient reliability and validity conditions were achieved. ANCOVA showed a significant effect on depression of gender (females > males) after controlling for all covariates. Self-esteem was an independent negative predictor of depression. Secondly, a qualitative study was conducted to gain insights into the experience and perceptions of depression in a Libyan clinical sample. Fifteen female and seven male out-patients were interviewed and iterative thematic content analysis was used to identify key emphases on an inductive basis. Six super-ordinate themes encompassed: symptoms; recognition of depression; treatment choices; stigma; sources of support; and perceived causes of depression. Social withdrawal, feelings of guilt, loss of the “old” self, loss of weight, sleeping disturbance and somatic symptoms were the reported symptoms. Religion was cited the most effective coping strategy. Formal psychiatric interventions were accepted but taking antidepressants was not favored. Little distinction was made between serious mental illness and less serious conditions. Explanations for depression encompassed familial relationships, professional roles and other cultural factors. There were notable gender differences regarding social support, expected behaviour and the posited causes of depression, which reflect the differentiated male and female roles in Libyan society.

This thesis provides an analysis of supervisory interactions between PhD supervisors and their students within social science disciplines, using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). Traditionally, such work has been conducted using a supervisor-centred perspective, and this thesis adds to the literature by adopting a student-centred view to look at supervisor's behaviours during the interaction, from a role performance perspective in light of the CVF. Drawing primarily on semi-structured interpersonal process recall interview data, the thesis considers a number of interlinking analytical themes. These can be divided into three broad groups. The first focuses on investigating the CVF roles that are adopted by the supervisor during the interaction and recognized by the students as important component parts of the most helpful supervisory moments. In line with the previous literature, I note that the most effective supervisory behaviours reflect the performance of all the eight CVF roles with the producer and the director occupying the dominant position. The second group is closely linked with the first and investigates CVF managerial roles represented by the least helpful supervision moments selected by the student. I note how PhD supervisors inadequate use, including both overuse and underuse of the CVF roles are related to the least effective supervisory moments. The director and the producer are again the most represented ones which are reported as being mostly underused. The third group analyses students advice on further improvements . In conclusion, I relate my analysis to existing literature and examined the contributions of the thesis to three main areas of research. This research finds that instances of positive and negative supervisee feedback reflect an increased influence of marketorientation and manageralism on research students and correspondingly inadequate use of managerial roles by supervisors.

The purpose of this study is to explore meanings of success in watershed restoration projects. Though restoration has both inherent ecological and social components, the social elements often remain unexamined. Using the Mores Creek Watershed Floodplain Restoration Project in Central Idaho as a case study, this study first reviews existing literature pertaining to watershed restoration, landscape ecology, and ecosystem services, and then uses stakeholder interviews to analyze restoration goals, perceptions of success and failure, and perceived benefits and burdens of the restored watershed. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations for maximizing success in watershed restoration projects. / text

<p>Abstract</p><p>Historically, value was believed to be created and embedded in the manufacturing process, implying that companies were the creators of value. Conversely, the notion of value-creation changed during the last decades and has implemented the customer orientation and service centred view. Instead, researchers currently believe that companies only can offer value-propositions, which means that value is to be created by the customers. Services and goods are much about values and identity today, which people connect to therefore it is important that positive values are associated with the company.</p><p>The purpose of this case study is to present if values can drive value for sustainable business. In order to illustrate this we have chosen Konsum Värmland for our investigation, an independent consumer co-operative own by its 126 000 members. Konsum Värmland has advantages by being independent from KF (the co-operative union in Sweden), this by being able to set its own strategies and visions.</p><p>This thesis aspires to illustrate which values Konsum Värmland stands for and to see if Konsum Värmland has succeeded to communicate these values to their stakeholders.</p><p>We will present the theoretical framework and how values-based management is an excellent performance measurement for co-creating values together with its stakeholders. We chose to use a narrative approach for our empirical analysis. The narratives are based on interviews, observations and secondary data that we obtained in forms of literature, articles and previous research.</p><p>We have chosen to investigate four areas for our case study, which are obvious of creating values. The areas are; the history Konsum Värmland, the brands Nästgård and Värmlandsgrisen, and the adapting and developing Konsum Värmland. These areas give the reader an insight to the value creation efforts of Konsum Värmland.</p><p>It is important for companies to differentiate themselves from others, in order to stay competitive in the everyday retail branch. This is something that Konsum Värmland has done by standing for values that contributes to the region of Värmland</p><p>This case study shows how the consumer co-operative thinking is becoming more modern, in co-creating common values and meanings. The consumer co-operative thinking also tells us that is can be used as a competitive strategy, to be able to predict and to adapt to the market.</p><p>In this study we can see that local produced goods generate value, which makes the customer want to buy the goods even if they are more expensive. The values are communicated through the brands Värmlandsgrisen and Nästgård and the goods are offered in form of values-based service quality. We have created a model that illustrates how the vision, organization and the value-creation have to be in balance, to create values that can drive value for sustainable business.</p> / <p>Résumé</p><p>Historiquement des valeurs et leur création étaient vues comme un élément de la procédure de fabrication ce qui voulait dire que seul l’entreprise prenait le rôle du créateur de valeur. En parallèle le regard sur la création de valeur a évolué pendant ses dernières décennies vers une perspective s’orientant plus vers le client et donc plus accentuée « service ». Ces deux approches sont complétées par un avis des experts modernes qui défend la position que seule une offre basée sur des vraies valeurs peut réussir et émerger de son univers concurrentiel. Uniquement les produits, proposant une base de valeur, réussissent à influencer la perception des clients de manière durable. Des services et des produits peuvent émerger donc seulement à travers de leurs valeurs, c’est à dire à travers de leur identité, puisque les gens arrivent mieux à se mettre en rapport ce qui crée idéalement un attachement. C’est pour ça que c’est important que l’entreprise associe des valeurs à ses marques et surtout de le rend percevable aux clients de manière crédible.</p><p>Le but de cet analyse est de montrer comment des valeurs peuvent durablement porter le succès économique d’entreprises. Afin de l’illustrer pour notre étude nous avons choisi Konsum Värmland, qui compte 126 000 membres en tant que coopérative indépendante. Grâce à cela Konsum Värmland a des avantages, puisque il est indépendant du syndicat suédois KF et donc autonome de réaliser ses propres stratégies et visions.</p><p>Au delà de ça cet analyse veut montre quelles valeurs Konsum Värmland représente, et veut également examiner si Konsum Värmland a réussi à les communiquer à ses membres et ses clients.</p><p>A travers un model théorique nous allons montrer comment le management à base de valeur est un excellent indicateur pour la création de valeur mutuellement avec les membres de la coopérative. Nous avons donc choisi une approche narrative pour analyse empirique. Les conclusions se basent sur des interviews, nos observations ainsi que d’autres données que nous avons obtenu dans la litérature, des articles de la presse et par une recherche préliminaire.</p><p>Pour cet étude de cas nous avons décidé d’examiner quatre secteurs de la création de valeur qui sont l’histoire d’entreprise de Konsum Värmland, ses deux marques Nästgård et Värmlandsgrisen, ainsi que leur adaptation et évolution menées par Konsum Värmland. Ces secteurs donnent au lecteur une compréhension approfondie de la création de valeur stratégique à Konsum Värmland.</p><p>Dans l’intention de rester compétitif dans l’environnement quotidien de grand distribution, il est important pour l’entreprise de se différencier des autres. Konsum Värmland a réussi à le faire grâce à exploitation intelligente des valeurs ancrées dans la région de Värmland.</p><p>Par ailleurs cet étude de cas montre comment le raisonnement des clients évolue vers une création mutuelle des valeurs communes entre demande et offre. Ce comportement nous</p><p>amène à la conclusion qu’il utilisable davantage dans une stratégie de compétition afin d’anticiper des changements de marché dans l’objectif de s’adapter vite au nouveau contexte.</p><p>Dans cette analyse nous pouvons voir comment des produits locaux peuvent profiter des valeurs éthiques ce qui favorise une relation dans laquelle les clients sont prêts à acheter des produits même s’ils sont plus chers qu’ailleurs. Ces valeurs sont communiquées à travers les marques Värmlandsgrisen et Nästgård dont on propose les produits en s’appuyant sur une qualité de service à valeur ajoutée. Nous avons développé un model qui montre quelle vision, organisation et création de valeur doivent être balancés l’un à l’autre. Seulement à ce moment là il est possible de créer des valeurs, qui portent durablement le succès économique de l’entreprise.</p> / <p>Zusammenfassung</p><p>Ursprünglich wurden Werte and Wertschöpfung in der Wirtschaftsgeschichte als Teil des Herstellungsprozesses angesehen, was wiederum bedeutet das Unternehmen als Werterzeuger auftraten. Parallel veränderte sich die Bedeutung von Wertschaffung in der letzten Jahrzehnten in Richtung einer mehr Kundenorientierten und damit service-ausgerichteten Ansicht. Diesen beiden Perspektiven gegenüber steht, dass Wirtschaftsforscher heute davon ausgehen, dass Unternehmen ausschliesslich durch wertebasierende Angebote im Markt erfolgreich sein können. Nur diese schaffen es durch deren Empfinden den Kunden nachhaltig zu beeinflussen. Dienstleistungen und Waren sind also durch deren Werte und damit deren Identität erfolgreich, da Menschen diese besser mit ihren eigenen in Verbindung bringen können was im Idealfall eine stärkere Bindung bedeutet. Daher ist es wichtig, dass Unternehmen positive Werte mit ihren Marken verbinden und vor allem für die Kunden glaubhaft erlebbar machen.</p><p>Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu zeigen wie Werte den nachhaltigen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg von Unternehmen fördern können. Um dies zu veranschaulichen haben wir für unsere Untersuchung Konsum Värmland gewählt, welches als unabhängige Vereinigung 126 000 Mitglieder zählt. Konsum Värmland hat dadurch Vorteile, da es einerseits unabhängig von der schwedischen Gewerkschaft KF ist und andererseits damit in der Lage ist seine eigenen Strategien und Vision umzusetzen.</p><p>Diese Arbeit hat den Anspruch zu erläutern für welche Werte Konsum Värmland steht, und darüberhinaus zu untersuchen, ob Konsum Värmland es gelungen ist diese erfolgreich seinen Mitgliedern sowie Kunden zu kommunizieren.</p><p>Wir werden mit Hilfe eines theoretischen Rahmenmodells zeigen wie wertebasiertes Management ein exzellenter Ergebnismesser für gemeinsame Wertschaffung mit den Mitgliedern der Kooperative sein kann. Wir haben für diese empirische Analysis daher einen erzählerischen Ansatz gewählt. Die erzählerischen Schlussfolgerungen basieren auf Interviews, eigenen Beobachtungen sowie weiteren Daten welche wir aus Fachliteratur, Zeitungsartikeln and vorangegangener Forschung erhielten.</p><p>Für dies Fallstudie haben wir uns entschieden vier Bereich der Wertschaffung zu untersuchen. Diese sind die Unternehmensgeschichte von Konsum Värmland, die beiden Handelsmarken Nästgård und Värmlandsgrisen, sowie deren Anpassung durch und Entwicklung von Konsum Värmland. Diese Bereiche geben dem Leser eine tiefere Einsicht in die strategische Wertschaffung von Konsum Värmland.</p><p>In der Absicht im alltäglichen Einzelhandelsumfeld wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, ist es für Unternehmen dabei wichtig, sich selbst von anderen zu differenzieren. Dieses gelang Konsum Värmland durch deren erfolgreiche Nutzung von in der Värmland-Region verankerten Werten.</p><p>Diese Fallstudie zeigt wie sich modernes Konsumentendenken hinzu einer kooperativen Schöpfung gemeinschaftlicher Werte und Bedeutungen entwickelt. Dieses</p><p>Kundendenken veranlasst uns zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass es in einer Wertbewerbsstrategie genutzt werden kann um Marktveränderung rechtzeitig zu erkennen und sich daran anzupassen.</p><p>In dieser Studie können wir sehen wie lokal erzeugte Güter ethische Werte zu nutzen, was die Kunden wiederum dazu bewegt die Produkte zu kaufen, selbst wenn diese leicht teurer sind. Die Werte werden mittels der Handelsmarken Värmlandsgrisen und Nästgård kommuniziert, indem deren Erzeugnisse über eine wertebasierte Servicequalität angeboten werden. Wir haben dazu ein Model entwickelt, welches zeigt wie Vision, Organisation und die Wertschaffung auf einander abgestimmt sein müssen. Nur dann können Werte geschaffen werden, welche den nachhaltigen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg von Unternehmen fördern können.</p>

<p>Today it has become critical that people adapt their behavior and lifestyles to environmental constraints. Teachers are supposed to teach pupils to accept personal responsibility in regard to these problems. The pedagogies of Waldorf and public schools have different outlooks on nature, hence it was hypothesized that Waldorf and public teachers would differ in regard to pro-environmental behavior and factors explaining such actions. An e-questionnaire measuring pro-environmental behavior, biospheric and altruistic values, feelings of personal responsibility, and pro-environmental attitudes was filled out by 68 Waldorf teachers and 73 public teachers from different municipalities in Sweden. The results suggest that Waldorf teachers report higher biospheric values (partial <em>eta²</em>= .46, <em>p</em> < .001), more pro-environmental behavior (partial <em>eta²</em>= .39, <em>p</em> < .001), more feelings of personal responsibility, (partial <em>eta²</em>= .32, <em>p</em> < .001), and higher altruistic values (partial <em>eta²</em>= .12, <em>p</em> < .001), than public school teachers do. There were a few limitations in reliability and possibly with social desirability. However, the present study paves the way for an understanding of how pedagogy can be of help in preventing further environmental problems.</p>

Residential outdoor education has had a significant formal and informal presence within the education system of the United Kingdom since the 1950s. However, there is little empirical research into the experiences of participants, particularly from a long-term perspective. The present study investigates the meanings, values, and impacts that participants attribute to a five-day residential experience at Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre, near Dunoon, Scotland. Participants attended the Centre as school pupils between 13 and 16 years of age. Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre operated as an educational facility under the auspices of the local authority between 1973 and 1996. Participants were contacted between 2007 and 2008, hence a minimum of 11 years after the Centre closed. Semi-structured questionnaires (n = 110) and interviews (n = 14) were used to generate data regarding participants’ experiences. These were analysed using a hermeneutic approach. Supplementary data were generated from archival documents and interviews (n = 29) with various stakeholders in Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre, ranging from local authority education officers to Centre managers and instructional staff. These supplementary data contribute towards a nuanced interpretive account of participants’ experiences that has both breadth and depth. The data suggest that participants’ experiences at Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre represented highly significant events in their school career. Principal findings relate to themes of achievement, independence and responsibility, and the development of more adult relationships. Seventy-two percent of questionnaire respondents claimed that their experience at Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre continued to influence their adult lives. This influence was manifested in a variety of ways ranging from a love of the outdoor environment, to choices regarding use of leisure time, to employment choices. Bourdieu’s (1977, 1990b) theory of social practice, particularly the concepts of field and habitus, provides a framework to interpret participants’ expressions of the nature of their experiences and the impact those experiences did or did not have on their lives. From this perspective Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre presented participants with a safe and authentic experience that differed sufficiently from their previous life experiences to allow for the opportunity to develop new understandings of self and the social world. These new understandings were expressed in different ways and at different times over participants’ subsequent life course.

This bachelor thesis, which is also the result of a Minor Field Studies scholarship, examines journalists’ situation in Cuba. The aim is to see the working conditions of the journalists by listening to how they themselves perceive their professional role, what their professional values are and what they see as opportunities and obstacles in their work. A major reason for undertaking this research is the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the importance of journalism studies in developing countries. The results are based mainly on fourteen qualitative interviews with Cuban journalists. By comparing the results with earlier studies including development journalism and studies about digital media in Cuba the study shows that Cuban journalists’ main duty is to defend the Communist Party. Many of the interviewed journalists experience self-censorship as a problem and blame it on Cuba's lack of a press law. Even if journalist salaries are extremely low, just like salaries of other professions in the state, the journalists highlight many positive aspects of their job. The education is free and some of the interviewees have opportunities to travel both within and outside the country because of their job. Cuban journalists are well educated, normally have a great passion for their profession and often have a strong desire to improve their work. The technological development in Cuba is slow but changes the conditions for the journalistic work and will continue to have a great influence on Cuban society.

Program evaluation is a form of systematic inquiry designed to meet the needs of those who are working on or who are responsible for a program. One challenge faced by the field of evaluation is responding to the increasing complexity of social programing and diverse informational needs. Methodological innovation is a trait of the field of program evaluation that provides opportunity for responding to challenge faced by the field. Evaluation orientations that rely on qualitative methodologies, which seek to describe, to understand or to interpret complex phenomena are potential sites for arts-informed inquiry. Arts-informed inquiry draws from creative strategies in the arts, where art is produced for the sake of inquiry. Accordingly, through this research I adopt dual roles of evaluator and researcher, to gather empirical evidence about the power of integrating arts-informed inquiry into frameworks for evaluation. In this research, I document how arts-informed inquiry draws from artistic processes to broaden perceptions, make meaningful contributions, and expand evaluator skills. Specifically, the potential for arts-informed inquiry in evaluation is investigated by conducting an evaluation of one program, in one school district. Analysis of this two-phase process occurred by applying a heuristic of three groupings of key concepts within the field of evaluation: methods, values and use. In doing so, I provide a detailed description of the potential for arts-informed inquiry within one program evaluation. This study provides a transparent account of the inquiry process to document the implications for undertaking arts-informed inquiry in program evaluation. In addition, there are theoretical implications for the field of evaluation when they consider the process and representations shaped by inclusion of arts-informed inquiry. / Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-28 21:49:48.1