Three rates of Stinger (Clopyralid) were evaluated for weed control, crop safety and soil persistence in broccoli. Efficacy tests indicated that 0.25 pt./A was ineffective in controlling volunteer alfalfa; while 0.5 pt produced marginal control and 1.0 pt. produced excellent control. No injury was noted at any rate. 140 days after treatment, injury was moderate to severe to alfalfa, moderate to tomatoes, cotton, carrots and lettuce and slight to onions.

Halosulfuron applied alone gave marginal to good control of common lambsquarters and common purslane, respectively, but did not provide control of the pigweeds. Acceptable control of 85% of the limited population of purple nutsedge was observed. Rimsulfuron applied alone gave good control of the pigweeds, lambsquarters, purslane, and marginal control of nutsedge. Weed control was effective until the late season evaluation at 9 WAT. The combination of halosulfuron and rimsulfuron gave similar results of the rimsulfuron applied alone, however, nutsedge control was not evaluated due to insufficient populations. Halosulfuron treated melons showed the least injury among all of the herbicide treatments applied alone. Rimsulfuron caused marginally unacceptable injury at 18% compared to flumetsulam, thifensulfuron, MKH-6561, and flufenacet which caused unacceptable injury ranging from 20 to 68%.

Field experiments were conducted with the objective of developing a general New Mexico chile type plant (Capsicum annuum L.) phenological model as a function of heat units accumulated after planting (HUAP). Field experiments were conducted from 2003 through 2005 in the Sulfur Springs Valley of Arizona, near Sunsites in Cochise County, Arizona (31° 56" N, 109° 52" W, about 4,000 feet elevation) on a Borderline fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive thermic Typic Calcigypsids) and in the Animas Valley, New Mexico (31° 57" N, 109° 48" W, about 4,400 feet elevation), on a Vekol fine sandy clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic, Typic Haplargids). Plant measurements were collected routinely and important phenological stages that corresponded to first bloom, early bloom, peak bloom, physiological maturity, and red harvest were identified and recorded. Results indicate that within locations, all varieties performed similarly in relation to HU accumulation patterns. A general New Mexico chile type plant phenological model as a function of HUAP for all sites and varieties was obtained. First bloom occurred at 954 ± 254 HUAP, early bloom at 1349 ± 306 HUAP, peak bloom at 1810 ± 261 HUAP, physiological maturity at 2393 ± 215 HUAP, and red chile harvest was identified to occur at 3159 ± 220 HUAP. The purpose of this phenological baseline or model is to provide a crop management tool for growers for predicting and identifying critical stages of growth. Further development and validation of this model is a continued objective of this research program.

Field experiments were conducted in 2007 to evaluate a cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) plant development model as a function of heat units accumulated after planting (HUAP). Field experiments were conducted in 2007 in the Yuma Valley, Arizona (32° 42' N, 114° 42' W), about 150 feet (~ 32 m) elevation in four commercial cantaloupe fields managed by a cooperator-grower using four varieties. Plant measurements were made on regular 14-day intervals and the following growth stages were identified in relation to plant measurement data collection: pre-bloom, early fruit set, early netting, and physiological maturity (harvest). The model was evaluated by comparing the observed HUAP versus the predicted HUAP values using a repeated measures design. Mean differences within each sampling stage were separated using the Fishers’ protected least significance difference (LSD) test at P≤ 0.01. In addition, regression models were performed for all in-season data collected and the accuracy of the model was evaluated on the basis of the R² values with a specified level significance (α = 0.01). No statistical differences were found between the observed phenological data and the predicted values from the model throughout the study period. Also, the model presented an overall accuracy of 54 ± 37 HUAP (2 ± 1 day) in predicting cantaloupe-harvesting time. It can be concluded that the model can be used as a useful tool to assist cantaloupe growers in predicting and identifying critical stages of growth for irrigated spring cantaloupe crops in Arizona and the desert Southwest.

Paraquat and diquat were effective against weeds immediately at 3 DAT. Glyphosate, sulfosate, and glufosinate exhibited activity against the weeds at 7 to 10 DAT. Paraquat provided the most complete weed control of most weeds at 10 to 16 DAT. Most of the diquat treated weed recovered and exhibited regrowth after 22 DAT. Glufosinate did not provide adequate control of most weeds at 22 DAT similar to diquat. Glyphosate and sulfosate were nearly equivalent at 0.50 and 2.0 lb AI/A against most weeds at most of the rating dates.

No description available.

No description available.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos de substratos, valores de pH e concentrações de AIB (Ácido Indolbutírico) no enraizamento de estacas apicais de jabuticabeiras (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg), e caracterizar morfológica e molecularmente espécies de jabuticabeiras, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, foram coletadas estacas apicais de matrizes de jabuticabeiras da espécie Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg, e submetidas às condições de enraizamento. O delineamento adotado foi o de subparcelas subsubdivididas 2x4x5, onde os substratos areia grossa e vermiculita constituíram as subparcelas ou unidades inteiras, os pHs (3.5; 4.5; 5.5 e 6,5) constituíram os quatro valores, e as concentrações de AIB (0; 1000; 2000; 4000 e 6000 mg.L -1 ) as subsubparcelas. O substrato areia grossa, quando interagiu com os pHs 4.5 e 5.5 proporcionou uma maior taxa de enraizamento nas estacas apicais de jabuticabeiras, já pHs elevados (6.5) e baixos (3.5), para os dois substratos, inibiram a emissão de raízes na base das estacas. As diferentes concentrações de AIB não influenciaram no enraizamento das estacas apicais. No segundo experimento, foram caracterizadas plantas de jabuticabeiras dos pomares do Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da ESALQ-USP-Piracicaba-SP e do pomar de fruticultura da FAFRAM (Faculdade "Dr. Francisco Maeda" de Ituverava-SP). Para a caracterização das espécies, foram comparadas as características anatômicas do caule, características morfológicas através da comparação com os espécimes de herbários, revisão de literatura especializada e análise molecular através do uso de marcadores (RAPD-PCR). Foram identificados 4 grupos distintos, sendo que as espécies foram: Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk.) Mattos, Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg, Myrciaria coronata Mattos, Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. A técnica de marcadores moleculares aliado ás técnicas de marcadores morfológicos (morfologia externa e interna), mostrou ser uma ferramenta importante na identificação de espécies de jaboticabeiras. / Two experiments were conducted with de main objective to verify the influence of different types of substracts, pH levels and IBA concentrations on rooting of jabuticaba trees, cuttings (Myrciaria jaboticbal (Vell.) O. Berg) and characterize 4 jabuticaba trees’ species using morphological and molecular tools. In the first experiment, jabuticaba trees’ apical cuttings were collected and put on rooting condictions. The estatistic delineation used was split plot (2 x 4 x 5), in which thick sand and vermiculite were considered subparcels or entire units, pH (3.5; 4.5; 5.5 e 6.5) were considered the four levels and IBA concentrations (0; 1000; 2000; 4000 e 6000 mg.L -1 ) were considered subsubparcels. The interaction between thick sand and 4.5 and 5.5 pH levels provided the best rooting taxes for jabuticaba trees’ apical cuttings, while 6.5 e 3.5 pH levels, had inhibited the emission of roots. IBA different concentrations had not influenced the rooting of apical cuttings. The second research was carried on two orchards: one located in Horticulture Sector of Vegetal Production Departament from ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, SP, and another from College "Dr. Francisco Maeda" (FAFRAM), Ituverava, SP. To the species characterization, stem anatomical and morphological characteristics were compared using herbarium search, specialized literature revision and molecular analysis by the use of biological markers (RAPD-PCR). Four different groups were identified: Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk) Mattos; Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg; Myrciaria coronata Mattos e Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. The molecular markers technique connected with morphological markers (external and internal morphology) showed to be an important tool used to identify jabuticaba tree species.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos de substratos, valores de pH e concentrações de AIB (Ácido Indolbutírico) no enraizamento de estacas apicais de jabuticabeiras (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg), e caracterizar morfológica e molecularmente espécies de jabuticabeiras, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, foram coletadas estacas apicais de matrizes de jabuticabeiras da espécie Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg, e submetidas às condições de enraizamento. O delineamento adotado foi o de subparcelas subsubdivididas 2x4x5, onde os substratos areia grossa e vermiculita constituíram as subparcelas ou unidades inteiras, os pHs (3.5; 4.5; 5.5 e 6,5) constituíram os quatro valores, e as concentrações de AIB (0; 1000; 2000; 4000 e 6000 mg.L -1 ) as subsubparcelas. O substrato areia grossa, quando interagiu com os pHs 4.5 e 5.5 proporcionou uma maior taxa de enraizamento nas estacas apicais de jabuticabeiras, já pHs elevados (6.5) e baixos (3.5), para os dois substratos, inibiram a emissão de raízes na base das estacas. As diferentes concentrações de AIB não influenciaram no enraizamento das estacas apicais. No segundo experimento, foram caracterizadas plantas de jabuticabeiras dos pomares do Setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da ESALQ-USP-Piracicaba-SP e do pomar de fruticultura da FAFRAM (Faculdade “Dr. Francisco Maeda” de Ituverava-SP). Para a caracterização das espécies, foram comparadas as características anatômicas do caule, características morfológicas através da comparação com os espécimes de herbários, revisão de literatura especializada e análise molecular através do uso de marcadores (RAPD-PCR). Foram identificados 4 grupos distintos, sendo que as espécies foram: Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk.) Mattos, Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg, Myrciaria coronata Mattos, Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. A técnica de marcadores moleculares aliado ás técnicas de marcadores morfológicos (morfologia externa e interna), mostrou ser uma ferramenta importante na identificação de espécies de jaboticabeiras. / Two experiments were conducted with de main objective to verify the influence of different types of substracts, pH levels and IBA concentrations on rooting of jabuticaba trees, cuttings (Myrciaria jaboticbal (Vell.) O. Berg) and characterize 4 jabuticaba trees’ species using morphological and molecular tools. In the first experiment, jabuticaba trees’ apical cuttings were collected and put on rooting condictions. The estatistic delineation used was split plot (2 x 4 x 5), in which thick sand and vermiculite were considered subparcels or entire units, pH (3.5; 4.5; 5.5 e 6.5) were considered the four levels and IBA concentrations (0; 1000; 2000; 4000 e 6000 mg.L -1 ) were considered subsubparcels. The interaction between thick sand and 4.5 and 5.5 pH levels provided the best rooting taxes for jabuticaba trees’ apical cuttings, while 6.5 e 3.5 pH levels, had inhibited the emission of roots. IBA different concentrations had not influenced the rooting of apical cuttings. The second research was carried on two orchards: one located in Horticulture Sector of Vegetal Production Departament from ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, SP, and another from College “Dr. Francisco Maeda” (FAFRAM), Ituverava, SP. To the species characterization, stem anatomical and morphological characteristics were compared using herbarium search, specialized literature revision and molecular analysis by the use of biological markers (RAPD-PCR). Four different groups were identified: Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk) Mattos; Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg; Myrciaria coronata Mattos e Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg. The molecular markers technique connected with morphological markers (external and internal morphology) showed to be an important tool used to identify jabuticaba tree species.